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{{Infobox Language
|name = Bahasa Spanyol, Castilian
|nativename = {{lang|es|Español}},<br />{{lang|es|Castellano}}
|pronunciation =/espaˈɲol/, /kast̪eˈʎano/
|familycolor = Indo-Eropa
|script = [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]] ([[AlfabetEjaan Bahasa Spanyol|VarianAlfabet bahasa Spanyol]])<br />[[Braille|Braille bahasa Spanyol]]
|region = [[Spanyol]], [[Amerika Hispanik]], [[Guinea Khatulistiwa]] (lihat [[#Distribusi geografis|di bawah]])
|speakers = Bahasa pertama 329<ref name=Ethnologue1>[http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size Spanish language total]. Ethnologue. Retrieved 14 August 2009.</ref> hingga 500<ref>[http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf |date=2010-09-23 }} (page 38), [http://www.elcastellano.org/23abr.html elcastellano.org]</ref> juta.<br /><small> Sebagai bahasa pertama atau kedua 450<ref>[http://www.actaslengua.org/acta_conclusiones_lengua_espanola.asp?id=1 actaslengua.org]</ref> hingga 600<ref>[http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html krysstal.com], 5th International Congress on Spanish Language ([http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/ActualidadHome/29012009_CongresoLengua.htm la-moncloa.es] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206100056/http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/ActualidadHome/29012009_CongresoLengua.htm |date=2010-12-06 }}), [http://www.uis.edu/clas/Online/factsaboutspanish.html uis.edu], Antonio Molina, director of the Instituto Cervantes in 2006 ([httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20100305141543/http://terranoticias.terra.es/cultura/articulo/espanol_sera_segunda_lengua_comunicacion_848372.htm terranoticias.es], [http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2007/04/26/cultura/1177610767.html elmundo.es], [http://www.fundeu.es/Noticias.aspx?frmOpcion=NOTICIA&frmFontSize=2&frmIdNoticia=74 fundeu.es]), Luis María Anson of the Real Academia Española ([http://www.elcultural.es/version_papel/OPINION/24251/Estados_Unidos-_mas_hispanohablantes_que_en_Espana elcultural.es]), Mario Melgar of the México University ([http://www.lllf.uam.es/~fmarcos/coloquio/Ponencias/MMelgar.doc lllf.uam.es]), Feu Rosa - Spanish in Mercosur ([http://congresosdelalengua.es/valladolid/ponencias/unidad_diversidad_del_espanol/5_espanol_y_portugues/rosa_f.htm congresosdelalengua.es] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720135938/http://congresosdelalengua.es/valladolid/ponencias/unidad_diversidad_del_espanol/5_espanol_y_portugues/rosa_f.htm |date=2011-07-20 }}), [http://www.eumed.net/rev/cccss/05/jrz.htm eumed.net], [http://www.babel-linguistics.com/idiomas.htm babel-linguistics.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310120932/http://www.babel-linguistics.com/idiomas.htm |date=2009-03-10 }}.</ref><br /><small> juta{{Dubious|date=February 2010}}.
|rank = 2 (penutur asli),<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size ethnologue.org], [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/19990429232804/http://www.sil.org/ethnologue/top100.html sil.org], [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html cia.gov] (see "World" file), [http://www.eldia.es/2009-11-02/cultura/3-espanol-esta-crisis-Instituto-Cervantes.htm eldia.es] (according to [[Ethnology (journal)]]), Encarta ([http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1481582983/Modern_Standard_Chinese.html Chinese 800 million] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604065527/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1481582983/Modern_Standard_Chinese.html |date=2011-06-04 }}, [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861781790/Spanish.html Spanish 500 million] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604065305/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861781790/Spanish.html |date=2011-06-04 }}, [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861789540/English.html English 500 million] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604065334/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861789540/English.html |date=2011-06-04 }}).</ref> 3 (total speakers)<ref>[http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html krysstal.com]/ Ethnologue ([http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=cmn Mandarin Chinese]: 845 mill. + 145 mill. [[Second language|L2]], [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=eng English]: 500 mill. + 167 mill. [[Second language|L2]], [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=spa Spanish] 329 mill. + 60 mill. [[Second language|L2]], [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hin Hindi] 182 mill. + 120 mill. [[Second language|L2]])/ [http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm George Weber] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312042140/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm |date=2008-03-12 }} (Mandarin 1.12 billion, English 480 million, Spanish 500 million, Russian 285 million)/ [http://www.oei.es/marchesiiv.htm IV Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Española] (Álvaro Marchesi
Secretario General of the OEI)/ [http://www.cervantes.es/sobre_instituto_cervantes/prensa/2008/noticias/noticia_08-06-17.htm cervantes.es] (Carmen Caffarel president of Instituto Cervantes)/ [http://www.elcastellano.org/23abr.html elcastellano.org].</ref>
|fam2 = [[Bahasa Italik|Italik]]|fam3 = [[Bahasa Roman|Roman]]
|fam4 = [[Bahasa Italo-Barat|Italo-Barat]]|fam5 = [[Gallo-Iberia]]
|fam6 = [[Bahasa Romawi Iberia|Ibero-Roman]]|fam7 = [[Bahasa Iberia Barat|Iberia Barat]]
|nation = [[Daftar negara dengan bahasa Spanyol sebagai bahasa resmi|20 negara]]<br />{{flag|Argentina}}<br />{{flag|Bolivia}}<br />{{flag|Chili}}<br />{{flag|Kolombia}}<br />{{flag|Kosta Rika}}<br />{{flag|Kuba}}<br />{{flag|Republik Dominika}}<br />{{flag|Ekuador}}<br />{{flag|El Salvador}}<br />{{flag|Guinea Khatulistiwa}}<br />{{flag|Guatemala}}<br />{{flag|Honduras}}<br />{{flag|Meksiko}}<br />{{flag|Nikaragua}}<br />{{flag|Panama}}<br />{{flag|Paraguay}}<br />{{flag|Peru}}<br />{{flag|Spanyol}}<br />{{flag|Uruguay}}<br />{{flag|Venezuela}}<br /><br />[[Wilayah dependensi]]<br />{{flag|Puerto Riko}}<br /><br />[[Daftar negara dengan bahasa Spanyol sebagai bahasa resmi|Wilayah yang disengketakan]]<br />{{flag|Republik Demokratik Arab Sahrawi}}<br /><br />[[Daftar negara dengan bahasa Spanyol sebagai bahasa resmi|Minoritas Signifikan]]<br />{{flag|Andorra}}<br />{{flag|Belize}}<br />{{flag|Amerika Serikat}}<br /><br />[[Organisasi|Organisasi Internasional]]<br />{{flag|Uni Afrika}}<br />[[File:Bandera.AEC.jpg|25px]] [[Asosiasi Negara Karibia]]<br />[[Komunitas Karibia]]<br />[[Komunitas Negara-Negara Amerika Latin dan Karibia]]<br />{{flag|Uni Eropa}}<br />[[Asosiasi Integrasi Amerika Latin]]<br />[[Parlemen Amerika Latin]]<br />[[Mercosur]]<br />[[Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerja Sama di Eropa]]<br />{{flag|Organisasi Negara-Negara Amerika}}<br />{{flag|PBB}}<br />{{flag|Uni Negara Amerika Selatan}}<br />[[Organisasi Negara-Negara Amerika-Ibero]]
|script = [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]] ([[Alfabet Spanyol|Varian bahasa Spanyol]])
|script = [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]] ([[Alfabet Spanyol|Varian bahasa Spanyol]])
|nation = [[Daftar negara dengan bahasa Spanyol sebagai bahasa resmi|21 negara]], [[PBB]], [[Uni Eropa]], [[Organization of American States]], [[Organization of Ibero-American States]], [[Union of South American Nations]], [[Central American Integration System]], [[Caricom]], [[Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia]], [[North American Free Trade Agreement]], [[Andean Community of Nations]], [[Mercosur]], [[Inter-American Development Bank]], [[Latin Union]], [[Antarctic Treaty]].
|agency = [[Association of Spanish Language Academies]] ({{lang|es|[[Real Academia Española]]}} serta 21 akademi nasional bahasa Spanyol lainnya)
|iso1 = es|iso2 = spa|iso3 = spa
|map = [[Berkas:Map-Hispanophone World.png|pus|350px|tepi]]
|mapcaption= {{legendlegend3|#000080|Negara-negara dengan status resmi bahasa Spanyol.}}
{{legendlegend3|#0000ff|Negara bagian AS di mana bahasa Spanyol tidak memiliki status resmi, tetapi dituturkan oleh lebih dari 25% penduduknya.}}
{{legendlegend3|#0080ff|Negara bagian AS di mana bahasa Spanyol tidak memiliki status resmi tetapi dituturkan oleh 10-20% penduduknya.}}
{{legendlegend3|#78c0ff|Negara bagian AS di mana bahasa Spanyol tidak memiliki status resmi tetapi dituturkan oleh 5-9.9% penduduknya.}}
|altname=Castilian|ancestor=[[Bahasa Latin Kuno|Latin Kuno]]|ancestor2=[[Bahasa Latin Klasik|Latin Klasik]]|ancestor3=[[Bahasa Latin Umum|Latin Umum (Vulgar)]]|ancestor4=[[Bahasa Spanyol Kuno]]|sign=[[Tanda Bahasa Spanyol]]<br />(Meksiko, Spanyol, dan mungkin di tempat lain)}}
}}
'''Bahasa Spanyol''' (''español'', ''laidioma lenguaespañol'') atau española'','Kastila''' (''castellano'') adalah suatu [[bahasa Iberia-Roman]] dari [[Spanyol]], dan bahasa ketiga yang paling banyak digunakan di [[dunia]]. Bahasa Spanyol merupakan bahasa pertama bagi sekitar 500 juta orang di dunia, atau bagi 600 juta orang jika termasuk non-bukan penutur asli (menurut perkiraan pada tahun [[1999]]). Mayoritas penutur bahasa [[Spanyol]] berada di [[Amerika Latin]].
 
== Perkiraan Jumlah Penutur ==
Baris 37 ⟶ 35:
! style="width:16%;" data-sort-type="number"|Bahasa Spanyol sebagai bahasa asli<ref>Ethnologue, 18th Ed.: [[:es:Anexo:Hablantes de español según Ethnologue (edición 18)]].</ref>
! style="width:14%;" data-sort-type="number"| Penutur asli atau bukan penutur asli yang fasih<ref name=Eurob2012>{{Citation | publisher = Page TS2: Population older than 15 years old of each country. page T74: Speakers who speak Spanish very well. Page T46: Speakers who speak well enough in order to be able to have a conversation. [[:es:Anexo:Hablantes de español en la U.E. según el Eurobarómetro (2012)]] | place = EU | format = PDF | url = http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_anx_en.pdf | title = Eurobarometer | year = 2012}}</ref>
! style="width:14%;" data-sort-type="number"|Total jumlah penutur bahasa Spanyol <small>(termasuk penutur yang belum/tidak fasih)</small><ref name=Eurob2012/><ref name=SpanishStudents>{{Citation | url = http://www.cedro.org/docs/default-source/otros/informe_cervantes.pdf?sfvrsn=2 | chapter = Cifras | publisher = Instituto Cervantes | title =El español: una lengua viva | number = 2015 | format = PDF | place = ES | language = Spanish |page=10}} Students across the World.</ref><ref name = "DemografíaLengEsp">{{Citation | url = http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf | title = Demografía de la lengua española | page = 10 | place = ES | language = Spanish | accessdate = 2010-04-18 | archive-date = 2010-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf | dead-url = yes }}, to countries with official Spanish status.</ref>
 
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| {{flag|Meksiko}}
| 124,737,789<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.conapo.gob.mx/work/models/CONAPO/Mapa_Ind_Dem/index_2.html | title = 2018 population estimate | publisher = CONAPO estimate | place = MX | language = Spanish | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2018-02-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180210015237/http://www.conapo.gob.mx/work/models/CONAPO/Mapa_Ind_Dem/index_2.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
| {{formatnum:115631930}} (92.7%)<ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html | publisher = CIA | place = USA | title = The World Factbook | contribution = MX | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2018-01-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180129161335/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html | dead-url = yes }}: Spanish only 92.7%</ref>
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{formatnum:122866722}} (98.5%)<ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/>
 
Baris 48 ⟶ 46:
| {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
| 323,127,515<ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.census.gov/popclock/ | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | title = (1 July, 2016) Population clock}}</ref>
|40,489,813<ref>Spanish speakers older than 5 years old ({{Citation | url = http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_C16001&prodType=table | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | year = 2016 | title = Table | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2020-02-14 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20200214060642/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_C16001&prodType=table | dead-url = yes }})</ref> (13.3%)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_S1601&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder – Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|work=census.gov|access-date=2018-07-10|archive-date=2020-02-14|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214010822/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_S1601&prodType=table|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| 42,926,496<ref name="InstitutoCervantes"/> <small>(82%<ref>{{cite web|last=Taylor |first=Paul |url=http://www.pewhispanic.org/2012/04/04/iv-language-use-among-latinos/ |title=(2011) |publisher=pewhispanic.org |date= |accessdate=24 March 2014}}</ref> dari 57,4 juta Hispanik<ref>{{cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_B03003&prodType=table |title=Census Bureau (01/July/2016) |publisher=Census.gov |date= |accessdate=24 March 2014 |archive-date=2020-02-14 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214061158/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_B03003&prodType=table |dead-url=yes }}</ref> + 2,8 juta non-Hispanik<ref>{{cite web|last=Gonzalez |first=Ana |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/08/13/spanish-is-the-most-spoken-non-english-language-in-u-s-homes-even-among-non-hispanics/ |title=(2011) |publisher=pewresearch.org |date=13 August 2013 |accessdate=24 March 2014}}</ref>)</small>
| 58,008,778<ref name="InstitutoCervantes"/> <small>(40,5 juta sebagai penutur asli, 15 juta sebagai non-penutur asli,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/US/languages|title=United States|publisher=}}</ref> 7,8 juta pelajar<ref name=SpanishStudents /> dan berkisar 9 juta Hispanik yang tidak terdokumentasi, tidak terhitung/dihitung oleh Sensus<ref>There are 9 million illegal Hispanics in USA, some of them aren't in the census ({{Citation | url = http://www.impre.com/laraza/opinion/editorial/2009/4/19/palidos-de-hambre-120230-1.html | publisher = Impre | format = editorial | date = 19 April 2009 | title = Pálidos de hambre | language = Spanish | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2012-01-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120111083239/http://www.impre.com/laraza/opinion/editorial/2009/4/19/palidos-de-hambre-120230-1.html | dead-url = yes }})</ref>)</small><ref>{{citation | title = Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española | url = http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=1113 | publisher = El castellano | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2016-02-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160224203228/http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=1113 | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = José Ma | last = Ansón | url = http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=685 | title = José Ma. Ansón: "Casi cincuenta millones" hablan español en EE. UU. | publisher = El Castellano | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2016-02-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160224203229/http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=685 | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1145765 |title=La amenaza al idioma español – Voces de Univision |publisher=Univision.com |date= |accessdate=20 August 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011094833/http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1145765 |archivedate=11 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Elbio | last = Rodríguez Barilari | url = http://congresosdelalengua.es/valparaiso/ponencias/lengua_comunicacion/rodriguez_elbio.htm | title = Congresos de la lengua | place = ES | language = Spanish | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2013-07-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130715164424/http://congresosdelalengua.es/valparaiso/ponencias/lengua_comunicacion/rodriguez_elbio.htm | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-29-03-2008/sevilla/Cultura/mas-de-70-expertos-participaran-en-la-iii-acta-internacional-de-la-lengua-espa%C3%B1ola-en-la-rabida_1641753752939.html | language = Spanish | date = 29 March 2008 | publisher = ABC de Sevilla | place = ES | title = Más de 70 expertos participaran en la III Acta Internacional de la Lengua Española | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2012-05-26 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120526195110/http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-29-03-2008/sevilla/Cultura/mas-de-70-expertos-participaran-en-la-iii-acta-internacional-de-la-lengua-espa%C3%B1ola-en-la-rabida_1641753752939.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{citation | title = CNN en español restructures its programming | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/13/arts/television/cnn-en-espanol-restructures-its-programming.html | publisher = The New York Times | date = 13 March 2011}} (The United States is now the second-largest Spanish-speaking country in the world, with more Spanish speakers than Spain, and exceeded only by Mexico).</ref>
 
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| {{flag|Kolombia}}
| 49,775,000<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/ |title= Reloj animado | location = CO | language = Spanish| |publisher= DANE | date= = |accessdate= 1 February 2017 |archive-date= 2016-10-28 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161028083854/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref>
|{{formatnum:48,925,000}} <small>(850,000 dengan bahasa asli lainnya)</small><ref>There are 850,000 speakers of American Indian languages ({{citation|url=http://www.lenguasdecolombia.gov.co/content/ley-de-lenguas-nativas |title=Ethnologue |contribution=CO |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326080213/https://www.lenguasdecolombia.gov.co/content/ley-de-lenguas-nativas |archivedate=26 March 2014 |df= }})</ref>
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{formatnum:49,376,800}} (99.2%)<ref name="DemografíaLengEsp" />
Baris 66 ⟶ 64:
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| {{flag|Argentina}}
| 44,494,502<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indec.gov.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/c1_proyecciones_nac_2010_2040.xls |title=Argentinian census INDEC estimate for 2017 |date= |accessdate=24 March 2014 |archive-date=2014-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226000745/http://www.indec.gov.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/c1_proyecciones_nac_2010_2040.xls |dead-url=yes }}</ref>{{refn|40,872,286 people is the census population result for 2010<ref name="proyecciones">{{Citation | url = http://www.indec.gov.ar/bajarPublicacion.asp?idc=3D2BFB85B73CA5EE01EF7C16425C4F61164ABA15860CC2C245A368C60365FEE807EA9BDED4FEDB76 | title = Estimaciones y proyecciones de población 2010-2040: Total del país | year = 2013 | publisher = INDEC | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2018-10-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181001080738/https://www.indec.gov.ar/bajarPublicacion.asp?idc=3D2BFB85B73CA5EE01EF7C16425C4F61164ABA15860CC2C245A368C60365FEE807EA9BDED4FEDB76 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>}}
| 42,062,795 (95.5%){{refn|According to Ethnologue (see {{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/AR/languages |title=Argentina |website=Ethnologue |postscript=none}}), there were 40,3 million speakers Spanish as mother tongue in 2013. The Argentinian population in 2013 was projected to be 42,2 million.<ref name="proyecciones"/>}}
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{formatnum:43780542}} (99.4%)<ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/>
Baris 97 ⟶ 95:
| {{flag|Guatemala}}
| 16,945,000<ref name="UN 2011 to 2100 estimate" />
| {{formatnum:10167000}} (60%)<ref>{{Citation | contribution = GT | quote = Spanish (official) 60%, Amerindian languages 40% | title = The World factbook | contribution-url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gt.html | publisher = CIA | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2015-10-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002082023/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gt.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{formatnum:14640480}} (86.4%)<ref name="DemografíaLengEsp" />
 
Baris 115 ⟶ 113:
| {{flag|Bolivia}}
| 11,145,770<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gob.bo/indice/indice.aspx?d1=0301&d2=6 |title=(2017) |publisher=INE |date= |accessdate=21 April 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011115006/http://www.ine.gob.bo/indice/indice.aspx?d1=0301&d2=6 |archivedate=11 October 2010 |df= }}</ref>
| {{formatnum:6464547}} (58%)<ref>According to the 1992 Census, 58 per cent of the population speaks Spanish as its mother tongue. [http://www.unicef.org/bolivia/resources_2334.htm unicef.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119104453/http://www.unicef.org/bolivia/resources_2334.htm |date=2012-01-19 }}</ref>
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{formatnum:9797132}} (87.9%)<ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/>
 
Baris 213 ⟶ 211:
|- background:#efefef;"
| {{flag|Filipina}}
| 101,562,305<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.popcom.gov.ph/ | publisher = National Statistics Office | title = Medium projection | date = 2015 | place = PH | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2019-04-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190403061418/http://www.popcom.gov.ph/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
|
| 438,882<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano_es/zonas_es/asia-pacifico/ari27-2009 |title=native knowledge speakers |language=es |publisher=Realinstitutoelcano.org |date=18 February 2009 |accessdate=24 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209231124/http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Felcano%2Felcano_es%2Fzonas_es%2Fasia-pacifico%2Fari27-2009 |archivedate=9 February 2014 |df= }}</ref>
 
| 3,016,773<ref>1,816,773 Spanish + 1,200,000 Spanish creole: {{Citation | first = Antonio | last = Quilis | title = La lengua española en Filipinas | year = 1996 | page = 54 and 55 | url = http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/01350553135573500088680/209438_0013.pdf | publisher = Cervantes virtual | format = PDF}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = Ten Reasons | url = http://www.educacion.gob.es/australia/dms/consejerias-exteriores/australia/Ten_reasons_to_learn_and_teach_Spanish_2007.pdf | publisher = Mepsyd | place = ES | page = 23 | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2017-05-25 | archive-url = https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525033732/http://www.educacion.gob.es/australia/dms/consejerias-exteriores/australia/Ten_reasons_to_learn_and_teach_Spanish_2007.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.spanish-differences.com/Philippines-Spanish.php |publisher=Spanish differences |title=Philippines |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221132020/http://www.spanish-differences.com/Philippines-Spanish.php |archivedate=21 December 2012 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121017230300/http://eldiae.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/2012_el_espanol_en_el_mundo.pdf Spanish in the world 2012 (Instituto Cervantes)]: 3,017,265 Spanish speakers. 439,000 with native knowledge, 2,557,773 with limited knowledge (page 6), and 20,492 Spanish students (page 10).</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Nestor Diaz: More than 2 million Spanish speakers and around 3 million with Chavacano speakers |url=http://www.aresprensa.com/cms/cms/front_content.php?idart=208 |title=FILIPINAS / Vigoroso regreso del español |publisher=Aresprensa.com |date=24 April 2010 |accessdate=20 August 2012 |archive-date=2008-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223115032/http://www.aresprensa.com/cms/cms/front_content.php?idart=208 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>The figure of 2 900 000 Spanish speakers is in {{Citation | url = https://books.google.com/books?ei=vCXASpS0LqXkmwO0lZnlBg&ct=result&q=Pluricentric+languages%3A+differing+norms+in+different+nations+spanish+philippines+speakers&btnG=Buscar+libros | title = Pluricentric languages: differing norms in different nations | page = 45 | first = RW | last = Thompson}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = http://contenidos.educarex.es/mci/2004/30/WebQuest/faseprevia_archivos/www.sispain.org/english/language/worldwid.html | title = World wide Spanish language | publisher = Sispain}}</ref>
 
|- style="background:#fff;"
| {{flag|Jerman}}
| 81,292,400<ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.destatis.de/EN/FactsFigures/SocietyState/Population/CurrentPopulation/Tables/Census_SexAndCitizenship.html | title = German census | date = 31 March 2015 | place = DE | publisher = Destatis | accessdate = 2018-07-10 | archive-date = 2016-06-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160628112855/https://www.destatis.de/EN/FactsFigures/SocietyState/Population/CurrentPopulation/Tables/Census_SexAndCitizenship.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
|
| 644,091 <small> (1%<ref name="Eurobarometer 2012 goodspeakers"/> dari 64,409,146<ref name="Eurobarometer 2012 population"/>)</small>
Baris 251 ⟶ 249:
| 34,605,346<ref>{{Citation | url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/start-debut-eng.html | title = Statcan | publisher = GC | place = CA}}</ref>
| 553,495<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/170817/dq170817a-eng.htm |title=www12.statcan.gc.ca/census |publisher=2.statcan.gc.ca |date= |accessdate=2016}}</ref>
| 643,800 <small>(87%<ref>87% of the Hispanics, speak Spanish. [http://www.mequieroir.com/paises/canada/emigrar/hispanos-y-latinos/ mequieroir.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401040310/http://www.mequieroir.com/paises/canada/emigrar/hispanos-y-latinos/ |date=2016-04-01 }}</ref> dari 740,000<ref>There are 740,000 Hispanics in Canada in 2015, according to "Hispanovation: La creciente influencia hispánica en Canadá" (Social Media Week in Toronto): [http://www.univision.com/noticias/mes-de-la-hispanidad/la-influencia-de-los-hispanos-sigue-creciendo-y-ahora-llega-hasta-canada www.univision.com], [http://www.abc.es/internacional/20130928/abci-canada-hispanos-201309271302.html www.abc.es].</ref>)<ref name="InstitutoCervantes"/></small>|| 736,653<ref name="SpanishStudents"/>
 
|- style="background:#fff;"
Baris 272 ⟶ 270:
| 111,400<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013 |title=2071.0 – Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013 |publisher=Abs.gov.au |date= |accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref>
| 111,400
| 447,175<ref>Page 32 of the [http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf "Demografía de la lengua española"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf |date=2010-09-23 }}</ref>
 
|- style="background:#fff;"
Baris 290 ⟶ 288:
|- style="background:#fff;"
| {{flag|Pantai Gading}}
| 21,359,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ins.ci/stats/Tableaux/Tab06.htm|title=ins.ci Census, 2009|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-10|archive-date=2012-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113022857/http://www.ins.ci/stats/Tableaux/Tab06.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|
|
Baris 321 ⟶ 319:
| 173,597<ref name="eldiae6"/>
| 173,597<ref name="eldiae6"/>
| 195,597<ref name="eldiae6"/> (62.8%)<ref name="Demografía de la lengua española">Page 32 of [http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf |date=2010-09-23 }} (52,1% native speakers + 11,7% with some Spanish knowledge))</ref>
 
|- style="background:#fff;"
Baris 342 ⟶ 340:
|
| 130,000<ref name="eldiae6"/>
| 175,231<ref>Pages 34, 35 of the [http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf "Demografía de la lengua española", page 35] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf |date=2010-09-23 }}.</ref>
 
|- style="background:#fff;"
Baris 492 ⟶ 490:
|- style="background:#fff;"
| {{flag|Rusia}}
| 143,400,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk04/8-0.htm |title=Демография |publisher=Gks.ru |date=27 December 2011 |accessdate=24 March 2014 |archive-date=2014-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326010717/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk04/8-0.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| 3,320<ref name="eldiae6"/>
| 3,320<ref name="eldiae6"/>
Baris 509 ⟶ 507:
|
|
| 19,092<ref>Page 34 of the [http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la Lengua Española] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf |date=2010-09-23 }}</ref>
 
|- style="background:#fff;"
Baris 520 ⟶ 518:
|- style="background:#fff;"
| {{flag|Latvia}}
| 2,209,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-key-indicators-30624.html |title=Population – Key Indicators &#124; Latvijas statistika |publisher=Csb.gov.lv |date= |accessdate=14 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628214416/http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-key-indicators-30624.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|
|
Baris 527 ⟶ 525:
|- style="background:#fff;"
| {{flag|Turki}}
| 73,722,988<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?tb_id=39&ust_id=11 |title=::Welcome to Turkish Statistical Institute(TurkStat)'s Web Pages:: |publisher=TurkStat |date= |accessdate=20 August 2012 |archive-date=2018-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001080405/http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?tb_id=39&ust_id=11 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| 1,134<ref name="eldiae6"/>
| 1,134<ref name="eldiae6"/>
| 13,480<ref name="eldiae6"/><ref>8,000 (Page 37 of the [http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf |date=2010-09-23 }}) + 4,346 Spanish Students (according to the Instituto Cervantes)</ref>
 
|- style="background:#fff;"
Baris 583 ⟶ 581:
| {{flag|Uni Eropa}} (tidak menyertakan Spanyol)
| 460,624,488<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1 |title=Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table |publisher=Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu |date=17 October 2013 |accessdate=24 March 2014}}</ref>
| 2,397,000 (934,984 sudah terhitung)<ref>[http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española, page 37] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf |date=2010-09-23 }} (2,397,000 people speak Spanish as a native language in the E.U. excluded Spain, but It is already counted population who speak Spanish as a native language in France (477,564), Italy (255,459), U.K. (120,000) Sweden (77,912) and Luxemburg (4,049)).</ref>
|
|
Baris 599 ⟶ 597:
== Tata bahasa ==
{{Main|Tata bahasa (Bahasa Spanyol)}}
Sebagian besar fitur tata bahasa dan tipologi bahasa Spanyol memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan bahasa-[[bahasa]] [[Roman]] lainnya. [[Bahasa Spanyol]] merupakan [[bahasa inflektif]]. Sistem [[nomina]]/ (kata benda) dan [[adjektiva]]/ (kata sifat) dalam bahasa Spanyol menunjukkan dua bentuk gender dan dua bentuk jumlah, di samping itu, beberapa artikel dan kata ganti/ ([[pronomina]]) juga memiliki bentuk gender netral dalam bentuk [[tunggal]]. Dalam [[bahasa Spanyol]], terdapat 55 bentuk konjugasi [[verba]]/ (kata kerja) dengan 3 bentuk [[kala (linguistik)]]: [[kala lampau|lampau]], [[kala kini|sekarang]], dan [[kala akan datang|yang akan datang]]; 2 bentuk [[aspek]] untuk kala lampau: [[perfektif]] dan imperfektif 4 bentuk [[modus]]: [[modus indikatif|indikatif]], [[modus subjungtif|subjungtif]], [[modus imperatif|imperatif]], bersyarat; 3 bentuk persona: pertama, kedua, dan ketiga; 3 bentuk verba: [[modus infinitif|infinitif]], ''gerund'', ''past participle''.
 
Sintaksis [[bahasa Spanyol]] dianggap ''[[:en:branching (linguistics)|right-branching phrases]]'' ([[Hukum D-M]]), yang berarti bahwa sesuatu yang menjelaskan mengikuti hal yang dijelaskan. [[Bahasa Spanyol]] menggunakan [[preposisi]] (daripada posposisi atau infleksi kata benda dengan [[kasus (tata bahasa)]]), dan biasanya — meskipun tidak selalu — menempatkan kata sifat setelah kata benda, seperti sebagian besar [[bahasa Roman]] lainnya, dan bahkan [[bahasa Indonesia]].
[[Bahasa Spanyol]] diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa [[subjek–predikat–objek]]; namun juga, [[bahasa Spanyol]] adalah bahasa ''[[:en:pro-drop|pro-drop]]'', atau ''[[:en:null-subject|null-subject]]'' - artinya, ini memungkinkan penghapusan kata ganti subjek ketika [[pragmatikapragmatik]]nya tidak diperlukan.
 
Pembalikan [[subjek]] /atau [[kata kerja|verba]] tidak diperlukan dalam pertanyaan atau kalimat tanya, dengan demikian kalimat deklaratif atau interogatif hanya dapat diketahui melalui intonasi si pembicara.
 
Bahasa Spanyol adalah bahasa lisan [[Eropa]] pertama yang memiliki [[risalah]] [[tata bahasa]], ''Gramática de la lengua castellana'', yang ditulis pada tahun 1492 oleh seorang [[filolog]] dari [[Andalusia]], Antonio de Nebrija, yang kemudian dihadiahkan kepada Ratu [[Isabel dari Kastila]] di Salamanca.<ref>Henry Kamen, ''Empire: how Spain became a world power, 1492–1763'', 2002:3.</ref>
 
Perbedaan [[aksen]] [[bahasa Spanyol]] di semenanjung [[Iberia]] dan di [[Amerika Latin]] tidak begitu mencolok pada [[ragam baku]], sehingga seseorang yang mempelajari ragam baku tidak akan mengalami kesulitan untuk berbicara dengan penutur asli dari pelbagai negara berbahasa Spanyol;. akanAkan tetapi pada ragam tidak baku, [[pelafalan]], [[kosakata]], dan bahkan [[tata bahasa]] jelas memiliki beberapa perbedaan yang cukup signifikan, tapitetapi hanya dalam taraf tertentu.
 
== Contoh Kata ==
Baris 1.007 ⟶ 1.005:
 
== Sistem penulisan ==
{{utama|Ejaan Bahasa Spanyol}}
 
=== Huruf dan Pelafalan ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; min-width:60%; margin-left:5px"
Baris 1.022 ⟶ 1.020:
| {{IPA|/a/}}||{{IPA|/b/}}||{{IPA|/k/}}, {{IPA|/θ/}}{{ref|θ|2}}||{{IPA|/d/}}, {{IPA|/ð/}}{{ref|d|3}}||{{IPA|/e/}}{{ref|e|4}}||{{IPA|/f/}}||{{IPA|/ɡ/}} {{IPA|/x/}}{{ref|g|5}}||<small>diam atau tak dilafalkan</small>{{ref|h|6}}||{{IPA|/i/}}
|}
{{note|ch|1}} Dwihuruf {{angbr|ch}} melambangkan atau merepresentasikanmewakili bunyi {{IPA|/tʃ/}} [[Bantuan:Pengucapan#Pascarongga-gigi|konsonan gesek pascarongga-gigi]] nirsuara (seperti "c" dalam bahasa Indonesia, yaitu cecak, ciri, cepat). Dahulu, dwihuruf ini diperlakukan seperti sebuah huruf yang bernama ''che''.
 
{{note|θ|2}} Huruf "[[c]]" dilafalkan seperti {{IPA|/θ/}} [[Konsonan desis gigi nirsuara]] ketika diikuti oleh [[huruf]] [[vokal]] "[[i]]" dan "[[e]]" dan dilafalkan seperti {{IPA|/k/}} ketika diikuti oleh [[huruf]] [[vokal]] "[[a]]", "[[o]]", "[[u]]", dan [[konsonan]] lainnya.
Baris 1.030 ⟶ 1.028:
{{note|e|4}} Huruf "[[e]]" selalu dilafalkan seperti huruf "[[e]]" pada kata "[[ember]]", "[[ekor]]", "[[bebek]]"
 
{{note|g|5}} Jika huruf "[[g]]" diikuti oleh [[huruf]] [[vokal]] "[[i]]" dan "[[e]]", maka pelafalannya adalah {{IPA|/x/}} [[konsonan desis langit-langit belakang nirsuara]] "[[kh]]" pada kata khusus, khas, akhir, dsb., Sedangkansedangkan jika huruf "[[g]]" diikuti oleh [[huruf]] [[vokal]] "[[a]]", "[[o]]", "[[u]]", dan [[konsonan]] lainnya, maka pelafalannya adalah "[[g]]" biasa seperti pada kata "[[gagal]]", "[[gagap]]", "[[gugup]]".
 
{{note|h|6}} Huruf "[[h]]" tidak dilafalkan, tetapi terdapat beberapa pengecualian untuk kata serapan dari bahasa asing, huruf "[[h]]" dilafalkan seperti {{IPA|/x/}} [[konsonan desis langit-langit belakang nirsuara]]
Baris 1.090 ⟶ 1.088:
 
== Bahasa Spanyol di Indonesia ==
Bahasa Spanyol di Indonesia dipertuturkan oleh orang lanjut usia yang masih fasih berbahasa Spanyol. Beberapa kosakata bahasa Spanyol juga diserap ke dalam [[bahasa Indonesia]] seperti camisa, matador, mestizo, ponco, toreador, havana, plaza, rumba, dan fandango.
 
== ReferensiLihat pula ==
* [[Tata bahasa Spanyol]]
* [[Voseo]]
 
== Rujukan ==
{{InterWiki|code=es}}
{{reflist}}
{{Rumpun bahasa Roman}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Spanyol, Bahasa}}
{{bahasa-stub}}
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Bahasa_Spanyol"