Bandar Udara Internasional Ninoy Aquino: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Hmuttaqin97 (bicara | kontrib) Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
||
(24 revisi perantara oleh 10 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{for|tokoh dengan nama yang sama yang terbunuh di tempat yang sama|Benigno Aquino Jr.}}
{{Infobox airport
|
| nativename = {{small|{{lang|fil|Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino}}}}
|
|
| image2 = NAIA Complex from air (Pasay; 01-09-2023).jpg
| image2-width =
|
|
|
| type = Publik / Militer
| city-served = [[Manila]], [[Filipina]]▼
|
|
| utc = [[UTC+08:00]]
| location = [[Parañaque]] dan [[Pasay]], [[Metro Manila]], [[Filipina]]
*[[Cebu Pacific]]▼
| opened = {{start date and age|1948|||p=n|br=n}}
*[[PAL Express]]▼
*[[Philippine Airlines]]▼
| {{nowrap|[[AirSWIFT]]}}
}}
| operating_base = {{ubl|
| coordinates = {{coord|14|30|31|N|121|01|10|E|region:PH_type:airport}}▼
| {{nowrap|[[Air Juan]]}}
| {{nowrap|[[Cebgo]]}}
| {{nowrap|[[Philippines AirAsia]]}}
}}
▲| pushpin_map = Philippines
| website = {{URL|www.miaa.gov.ph}}<!-- mnl-airport.com is an unofficial website; DO NOT add this website in the infobox. -->
▲| pushpin_label = MNL
▲| coordinates = {{coord|14|30|
| pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi di Filipina▼
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=11|frame-latitude=14.5123|frame-longitude=121.0165}}
|
| pushpin_map = Manila#Philippines#Southeast Asia#Asia
| r1-length-m = 3,737▼
| pushpin_label = '''MNL'''/RPLL
| r1-length-f = 12,261▼
| r1-surface = [[Aspal]]▼
|
|
|
|
| r1-number = 06/24{{efn|group=note|Runway 06 is {{convert|3557|m|ft|sp=us}} long with a [[displaced threshold]] of {{convert|180|m|ft|sp=us}} and 24 is {{convert|3587|m|ft|sp=us}} long with a displaced threshold of {{convert|150|m|ft|sp=us}}.}}
| stat-year = 2016▼
| stat1-header = Penumpang▼
|
|
| r2-number = 13/31{{efn|group=note|Runway 13 is {{convert|2108|m|ft|sp=us}} long with a displaced threshold of {{convert|150|m|ft|sp=us}}.}}
| r2-length-m = 2,258
▲| stat1-header = Penumpang
| stat1-data = 30,961,467<br />{{increase}} 61.76%
| stat2-header = Pergerakan pesawat
| stat2-data = 246,724<br />{{increase}} 50.92%
| stat3-header = Kargo (per [[ton]])
| stat3-data = 402,732.26<br />{{decrease}} 31.55%
| footnotes = Sumber: [[Manila International Airport Authority]]<ref name="stats-mnl">{{cite web |date=January 25, 2023 |title=Ninoy Aquino International Airport Passenger and Flight Statistics from 2014 to 2022 |url=https://www.miaa.gov.ph/images/stories/Downloads/20230125_TotalStats.pdf |access-date=March 7, 2023 |website=Manila International Airport Authority}}</ref>
}}
'''Bandar Udara Internasional Ninoy Aquino''' ('''BUINA''' {{
== Terminal ==
Baris 56 ⟶ 66:
[[Berkas:NAIA Airport.jpg|jmpl|kiri|''Check-in hall'' di NAIA Terminal 1]]
The development of the Manila International Airport was finally approved through the promulgation of [[Executive (government)|Executive Order]] No. 381, which authorized the airport's development. In 1973, a feasibility study/airport master plan was done by Airways Engineering Corporation through a US$29.6 million loan from the [[Asian Development Bank]]. The Detailed Engineering Design of the New Manila International Airport Development Project was done by Renardet-Sauti/Transplan/F.F. Cruz Consultant while the terminal's Detailed Architectural Design was prepared by [[Leandro Locsin]]'s L.V. Locsin and Associates.<ref name="T1">[http://203.160.187.194/miaa/AIRPORT/T1.asp Airport
In 1974, the detailed designs were adopted by the Philippine Government and was subsequently approved by the Asian Development Bank on September 18, 1975. Actual work on the terminal began during the second quarter of 1978. The terminal was completed in 1981 and had a size of 67,000 square meters with a design capacity of 4.5 million passengers per year.<ref name="terms">
The terminal reached capacity in 1991, when it registered a total passenger volume of 4.53 million. Since 1991, the terminal has been over capacity and has been recording an annual average growth rate of 11%,<ref name="T1" /> but improvements to the airport increased its capacity to 6 million passengers yearly.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://125.60.203.88/miaa/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=21&Itemid=16 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-01-17 |archive-date=2013-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210173654/http://125.60.203.88/miaa/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=21&Itemid=16 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> It has 18 air bridges and services 33 airlines (as of May 2011). Interestingly enough, the building does not have a Gate 8 and a Gate 13. Compared with international terminals in other Asian countries, Terminal 1 has consistently ranked at the bottom due to limited and outdated facilities, poor passenger comfort, and crowding (the Terminal has been operating above designed capacity for decades now).<ref>[http://www.airlinequality.com/Airports/Airport_forum/mnl-2.htm Reviews of Manila Ninoy Aquino Airport with Passenger reviews about Manila Ninoy Aquino Airport standards] airlinequality.com.</ref> In this regard, transport authorities plan to give Terminal 1 a makeover; the plans were approved by President [[Benigno Aquino III]]. The makeover and upgrade includes the expansion of the arrival area, addition of parking spaces, and improvement of other terminal facilities.<ref>[http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/340958/aquino-oks-makeover-naia1]</ref>
The Transportation and Communications Department previously announced that as soon as Terminal 3 becomes fully operational, Terminal 1 would be rehabilitated into an "Airport City", with the intention of Cebu Pacific Air to convert Terminal 1 into an exclusive terminal for their aircraft.<ref>This has yet to occur or commence.[http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view_article.php?article_id=100262 Cebu Pacific eyeing 'Airport City'--DOTC – Inquirer.net, Philippine News for Filipinos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118214540/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view_article.php?article_id=100262 |date=2010-11-18 }} globalnation.inquirer.net.</ref> This terminal handles all international flights except those operated by [[Cebu Pacific]], [[Philippine Airlines]], [[PAL Express]], [[Zest Airways]], and [[All Nippon Airways]].
The rehabilitation of Terminal 1 will be completed by November 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=RENOVATIONS OF NAIA TERMINAL 1 EXPECTED TO COMPLETE BY NOVEMBER 2014|url=http://www.philippineflightnetwork.com/2013/10/renovations-of-naia-terminal-1-expected.html|work=Philippine Flight Network|accessdate=21 November 2013}}</ref>
=== Terminal 2 (''Centennial Terminal'') ===
Terminal kedua, NAIA-2, yang terletak di Old MIA Road, selesai pada tahun 1998 dan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 1999. Teminal itu dinamakan ''Centennial Terminal'' dalam rangka memperingati seratus tahun (''centennial'') deklarasi kemerdekaan Filipina. Terminal yang berluas 75.000 meter persegi awalnya dirancang oleh Aéroports de Paris menjadi terminal domestik, tetapi desain kemudian dimodifikasi untuk mengakomodasi penerbangan internasional.<ref name="airtech"/> Terminal ini memiliki kapasitas 2,5 juta penumpang per tahun di sayap internasional dan 5 juta di sayap nasionalnya, dimungkinkan untuk menampung sembilan juta penumpang per tahun jika diperlukan.<ref name="airtech"/>
Terminal 2 secara eksklusif digunakan oleh [[Philippine Airlines]] untuk penerbangan domestik dan internasional. Terminal ini dibagi menjadi dua sayap: Sayap Utara, untuk penerbangan internasional, dan Sayap Selatan, yang menangani operasi domestik. Saat ini Terminal 2 memiliki 12 garbarata. Ada beberapa kafe dan restoran yang tersebar di seluruh pos-keamanan terminal. Ada juga bagian bebas bea kecil di sayap utara. Kebutuhan untuk dua terminal lainnya diusulkan oleh Rencana Induk Ulasan dari bandara yang dilakukan pada tahun 1989 oleh Aéroports de Paris (ADP). Penelitian ini difasilitasi melalui hibah dari [[Pemerintah
In 1991, the French government granted a 30 million franc soft loan to the Philippine government, which was to be used to cover the Detailed Architectural and Engineering Design of the NAIA Terminal 2. ADP completed the design in 1992 and in 1994, the Japanese Government granted an 18.12 billion [[Japanese yen|yen]] soft loan to the Philippine Government to finance 75% of the terminal's construction costs and 100% of the supervision costs. Construction of the terminal began on December 11, 1995, and was formally turned over to the government of the Philippines on December 28, 1998.
Baris 79 ⟶ 88:
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| image1 =
| width1 = 210
| caption1 = [[Cebu Pacific]] check-in at Terminal 3.
| image2 =
| width2 = 210
| caption2 = Area check-in dari NAIA Terminal 3
Baris 90 ⟶ 99:
Its apron area has a size of 147,400 m², 34 air bridges, 20 contact gates with the ability of servicing 28 planes at any given time. The terminal has 70 flight information terminals, 314 display monitors, with 300 kilometers of fiber optic I.T. cabling. It also has 29 restroom blocks. The departure area has five entrances all equipped with X-ray machines with the final security check having 18 X-ray machines. Its baggage claim has 7 large baggage carousels, each with its own flight display monitor.<ref name="airtech">[http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/ninoaquino/ ''airport-tech'']</ref>
The terminal officially opened to selected domestic flights from July 22, 2008 (initially Cebu Pacific only, then Philippine Airlines' subsidiaries Air Philippines and PAL Express), with Cebu Pacific international flights using it from August 1, 2008. All international operations, except for those from PAL, are intended to operate from Terminal 3 in the future, originally proposed to move in fourth quarter of 2010,<ref>[http://businessmirror.com.ph/home/companies/10300-bright-future-for-rural-banks.html Bright future for rural banks – Business Mirror] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309225231/http://businessmirror.com.ph/home/companies/10300-bright-future-for-rural-banks.html |date=2012-03-09 }} Accessed May 14, 2009.</ref> however domestic carriers [[Cebu Pacific]] and [[Airphil Express]] (then Air Philippines) remained the only tenants for the first two years of its operation. The vast majority of international flights still operate from Terminal 1, with the exception of [[All Nippon Airways]] being the first foreign-based carrier to operate out of Terminal 3 started in February 27, 2011.
=== Terminal 4 (Manila Domestic Passenger Terminal) ===
[[Berkas:NAIA Terminal 4 exterior.JPG|jmpl|kiri|NAIA Terminal 4]]
The Manila Domestic Passenger Terminal, also known as NAIA Terminal 4,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://125.60.203.88/miaa/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=24&Itemid=34|accessdate=June 28, 2012|title=About NAIA Terminal 4|publisher=Manila International Airport Authority|archive-date=2014-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222154150/http://125.60.203.88/miaa/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=24&Itemid=34|dead-url=yes}}</ref> is host to all domestic flights within the Philippines that are operated by [[AirAsia Zest]] and [[Tigerair Philippines]], among others. Although it's intended to be a domestic airport, AirAsia Zest hosts most of its international flights as well. There are no jet bridges and passengers walk to and from the aircraft or are occasionally bussed. Twenty-six check-in counters are located in the terminal. The departure hall has the seating capacity for 969 people at a time. Several food stores and a book and magazine stall are also available. Five baggage carousels are located in the terminal whilst domestic airline offices, banks, restaurants and a grocery store are also located right beside the domestic passenger terminal.<ref>
=== Airbus A380 ===
NAIA is one two airports in the Philippines that meet the infrastructure requirements for the [[Airbus A380]] (the other is [[Clark International Airport]]). As of July 2013, no commercial flights are operating using this aircraft however it is an airport that provides MRO services conducted by Lufthansa Technik Philippines. On October 11, 2007, NAIA hosted the début of the Airbus A380 in the [[Philippines]], after test aircraft MSN009 (registered as F-WWEA) landed on Runway 24. The test flight demonstrated that the A380 could land on existing runways in Asia and that the primary international airport of the Philippines can support aircraft as large as the A380.<ref name="superjumbo">[
== Maskapai ==
=== Penumpang ===
{{airport-dest-list
|[[Air China]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional
|[[Air Juan]] | [[Bandar Udara Francisco B. Reyes|Busuanga]]
|[[Air Niugini]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Jacksons|Port
|[[AirAsia]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Kuala Lumpur|Kuala
|[[AirAsia Philippines]] | [[Bandar Udara
|[[AirSWIFT]] | [[Bandar Udara Francisco B. Reyes|Busuanga]], [[Bandar Udara El Nido|El Nido]], [[Bandar Udara Sicogon|Sicogon]], [[Bandar Udara Tugdan|Tablas]]
|[[All Nippon Airways]] | [[Bandar Udara Haneda|
|[[Asiana Airlines]] |
|[[
|[[Cathay Pacific]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
|[[
|[[Cebu Pacific]] | [[Bandar Udara Bacolod–Silay|Bacolod]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional |[[
|[[China Eastern Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional
|{{nowrap|[[China
|[[
▲|[[Delta Air Lines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Narita|Tokyo—Narita]]
|[[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Dubai|Dubai—Internasional]]▼
|[[Ethiopian Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Bole|Addis Ababa]]
|[[Etihad Airways]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Abu Dhabi|Abu Dhabi]]
|[[EVA Air]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Taiwan Taoyuan|
|[[
|[[Gulf Air]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Bahrain|Bahrain]]
|[[
|[[
|[[
|{{nowrap|[[Jetstar Asia Airways|Jetstar Asia]]}} | [[Bandar Udara Changi Singapura|Singapura]]
|[[Jetstar Japan]] |
|[[KLM]] | [[Bandar Udara Schiphol|Amsterdam]]▼
|[[
|[[
|[[
|[[Malaysia Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Kuala Lumpur|Kuala
|[[Oman Air]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Muskat|
|[[
|[[Philippine Airlines]]
|[[Qantas]] | [[Bandar Udara Sydney|Sydney]]
|[[Qatar Airways]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional
|[[Royal Air Philippines]] | [[Bandar Udara Godofredo P. Ramos|Caticlan]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional Wuxu Nanning|Nanning]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional Taoyuan Taiwan|Taipei–Taoyuan]] <br> '''Charter:''' [[Bandar Udara Internasional Cagayan Utara|Lal-lo]]
|[[Royal Brunei Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Brunei|Bandar Seri Begawan]]
|[[Saudia]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional
|[[Scoot]] | [[Bandar Udara Changi Singapura|Singapura]]
|[[Shenzhen Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Bao'an Shenzhen|Shenzhen]]
|[[Singapore Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Changi Singapura|Singapura]]
|[[SkyJet Airlines]] |
|[[
|[[Sunlight Air]] | '''Charter:''' [[Bandar Udara Francisco B. Reyes|Busuanga]], [[Bandar Udara Camiguin|Camiguin]], [[Bandar Udara Godofredo P. Ramos|Caticlan]], [[Bandar Udara Naga|Naga]], [[Bandar Udara San Vicente|San Vicente]], [[Bandar Udara Sayak|Siargao]]
|[[Turkish Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Atatürk|Istanbul-Atatürk]]▼
|{{nowrap|[[Thai Airways International]]}} | [[Bandar Udara Suvarnabhumi|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]]
▲|[[United Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Antonio B. Won Pat|Guam]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional Roman Tmetuchl|Koror]]<br>'''Musiman:''' [[Bandar Udara Internasional Chuuk|Chuuk]]
|[[United Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Antonio B. Won Pat|Guam]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional Roman Tmetuchl|Koror]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional San Francisco|San Francisco]]
|[[Vietnam Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Noi Bai|Hanoi]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional Tan Son Nhat|Kota Ho Chi Minh]]
|[[Xiamen Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Jinjiang Quanzhou|Quanzhou]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional Gaoqi Xiamen|Xiamen]]
▲|[[
}}
Baris 152 ⟶ 166:
{{airport-dest-list
|[[Air Hong Kong]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
|[[
|[[
|[[
|[[
|[[Korean Air|Korean Air Cargo]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional
|[[
|[[
▲|[[
|[[YTO Cargo Airlines]] | [[Bandar Udara Internasional Xiaoshan Hangzhou|Hangzhou]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional Bao'an Shenzhen|Shenzhen]]
}}
Baris 256 ⟶ 272:
== Pranala luar ==
* [
* [http://www.miaa.gov.ph Manila International Airport Authority]
* [http://203.87.152.100/miaa/default.asp NAIA - MIAA Website]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''(Diakses 22 Me 2007)''
[[Kategori:Bandar udara di Filipina]]
|