Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
reviewed |
fixer |
||
Baris 23:
[[Berkas:RAAF Super Hornet Amberley.jpg|thumb|300px]]
'''Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet''' adalah [[pesawat tempur]] [[pesawat militer|militer]] bermesin ganda berbasis carrier varian tempur multirole berdasarkan McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet. Varian F/A-18E Kursi single dan F/A-18F kursi tandem yang lebih besar dan lebih menguntungkan dari turunan lanjutan F/A-18C dan D Hornet. Super Hornet memiliki senapan 20
Dirancang dan awalnya diproduksi oleh McDonnell Douglas, Super Hornet pertama terbang pada tahun 1995. Produksi penuh dimulai pada bulan September 1997, setelah merger antara McDonnell Douglas dan Boeing bulan sebelumnya. Super Hornet memasuki layanan dengan Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1999, menggantikan Grumman F-14 Tomcat sejak tahun 2006, dan melayani di samping Hornet asli. Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), yang telah mengoperasikan F/A-18A sebagai pesawat tempur utama sejak tahun 1984, memesan F/A-18F pada tahun 2007 untuk menggantikan penuaan armada F-111. RAAF Super Hornet mulai beroperasi pada Desember 2010.
==Deskripsi==
Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet adalah pesawat tempur sekaligus penyerbu yang memperkuat kesatuan Angkatan Laut AS. Super Hornet pada hakekatnya merupakan pesawat model baru, dengan tampilan yang mirip dengan dan beberapa sistem dari F/A-18C/D Hornet. Super Hornet mulai dikembangkan pada tahun 1992, pertama kali terbang pada bulan November 1995, dan mulai beroperasi pada 1999. Versi saat ini meliputi F/A-18E (satu kursi) dan F/A-18F (dua kursi). Versi ini untuk menggantikan F/A-18 dan F-14 Tomcat.
Baris 33 ⟶ 34:
Pada awal dasawarsa 1990-an angkatan laut AS mengalami sejumlah masalah pada divisi penerbangannya. Program A-12 Avenger II yang dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan A-6 Intruder dan A-7 Corsair II, telah mengalami masalah serius dan dibatalkan. Pada operasi militer Perang Teluk menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan serangan Angkatan Laut tertinggal dibandingkan dengan kemampuan Angkatan Udara dalam hal-hal tertentu. Harus ada program pengganti yang bisa menghasilkan jet tempur yang lebih baik sebelum tahun 2020. Maka diusulkan model pesawat tempur "Super Hornet" (awalnya bernama "Hornet II") yang merupakan pengembangan dari pesawat F/A-18.
Dibandingkan dengan pendahulunya, Super Hornet memiliki sayap 25% lebih besar yang memungkinkan pesawat untuk kembali ke sebuah kapal induk dengan beban sisa amunisi yang lebih besar. Hal ini menjadi penting mengingat penggunaan persenjataan yang lebih besar dan lebih mahal. Mesin dengan daya 35% lebih, General Electric F414, dikembangkan untuk F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. Pesawat ini dapat membawa lima tangki bahan bakar eksternal dengan kapasitas masing-masing 1.700 liter untuk penerbangan jarak jauh atau empat tangki plus satu kali pengisian di udara (Aerial Refuelling Store / ARS). Perbedaan lainnya termasuk sudut untuk mesin, bagian RCS (Radar Cross Section), dua cantelan sayap ekstra untuk payload, dan perubahan aerodinamis lainnya.
Upgraded avionik pada jet tempur Super Hornet misalnya pada penggunaan radar APG-79 AESA, ASQ-228 ATFLIR (Penunjang Penargetan FLIR), dan ALE-50 Towed Decoy System.
Versi serangan elektronik dari F/A-18F adalah EA-18G Growler. Pesawat tempur EA-18G Growler dibuat untuk menggantikan pesawat EA-6B Prowler dan EF-111 Ravens yang dioperasikan oleh Angkatan Laut dan Korps Marinir AS. F/A-18F "F-1" telah dilengkapi dengan system perang elektronik ALQ-99. Kemampuan system ini telah diuji saat menyelesaikan demonstrasi penerbangan EA 18 Airborne Electronic Attack (AEA) pada 15 November 2001.
==Varian==
*'''F/A-18E Super Hornet''':
*'''F/A-18F Super Hornet''':
*'''[[EA-18G Growler]]''':
==Operator==
[[File:FA-18EF Super Hornet Operators.png|thumb|300px|F/A-18E/F Super Hornet operators 2010]]
[[File:FA-18F-USN-RedRippers-20070406.jpg|thumb|A VFA-11 F/A-18F Super Hornet performing evasive maneuvers during an air power demonstration|alt=Bottom view of jet fighter in-flight releasing bright orange flares]]
[[File:FA-18F vapor over wings 1.jpg|thumb|A VFA-122 F/A-18F pulling a high-g maneuver at the NAS Oceana "In Pursuit of Liberty" air show, 2004]]
;{{flagicon|AUS}} Australia
*[[Royal Australian Air Force]]
**[[No. 1 Squadron RAAF]]
**[[No. 6 Squadron RAAF]]
;{{flagicon|USA}} United States
*[[United States Navy]]
** Pacific Fleet
***[[VFA-2]] "Bounty Hunters" (F/A-18F)
***[[VFA-14]] "Tophatters" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-22]] "Fighting Redcocks" (F/A-18F)<ref>Buliavac, Joseph M. [http://www.navy.mil/view_image.asp?id=53453 "The aircrew of an F/A-18F Super Hornet, assigned to the "Fighting Redcocks" of Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 22, wait to launch from Catapult 3 during night flight operations."] ''navy.mil'', 2 December 2007. Retrieved: 16 August 2010.</ref>
***[[VFA-25]] "Fist of the Fleet" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-27]] "Royal Maces" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-41]] "Black Aces" (F/A-18F)
***[[VFA-86]] "Sidewinders" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-97]] "Warhawks" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-102]] "Diamondbacks" (F/A-18F)
***[[VFA-115]] "Eagles" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-122]] "Flying Eagles" (Fleet Replacement Squadron, operates F/A-18E/F)<ref>[http://www.lemoore.navy.mil/vfa-122/ "CSFWP Link."]{{dead link|date=November 2013}} ''lemoore.navy.mil''. Retrieved: 16 August 2010.</ref>
***[[VFA-137]] "Kestrels" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-147]] "Argonauts" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-151]] "Vigilantes" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-154]] "Black Knights" (F/A-18F)
***[[VFA-195]] "Dambusters" (F/A-18E)
** Atlantic Fleet
***[[VFA-11]] "Red Rippers" (F/A-18F)
***[[VF-31|VFA-31]] "Tomcatters" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-32]] "Swordsmen" (F/A-18F)
***[[VFA-34]] "Blue Blasters" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-81]] "Sunliners" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-103]] "Jolly Rogers" (F/A-18F)
***[[VFA-105]] "Gunslingers" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-106]] "Gladiators" (Fleet Replacement Squadron, operates F/A-18A/B/C/D/E/F)
***[[VFA-136]] "Knighthawks" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-143]] "Pukin' Dogs" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-211]] "Fighting Checkmates" (F/A-18F)
***[[VFA-213]] "Black Lions" (F/A-18F)
**Test and Evaluation Units
***[[VX-9]] Vampires (Air Test and Evaluation Squadron, operates F/A-18E/F and other aircraft)
***[[VX-23]] Salty Dogs (Air Test and Evaluation Squadron, operates F/A-18E/F and other aircraft)
***[[VX-31]] Dust Devils (Air Test and Evaluation Squadron, operates F/A-18E/F and other aircraft)
***[[NSAWC]] (Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center), F/A-18F, also operates other aircraft)
** Future F/A-18E/F squadrons (All to be Pacific Fleet squadrons)<ref>[http://www.defense.gov/contracts/contract.aspx?contractid=4596 "Contract."] ''U.S. Department of Defense Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs)'', 10 August 2011. Retrieved: 13 January 2011.</ref>
***[[VFA-94]] "Mighty Shrikes" (F/A-18F)
***[[VFA-113]] "Stingers" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-146]] "Blue Diamonds" (F/A-18E)
***[[VFA-192]] "Golden Dragons" (F/A-18E)
Each United States Navy squadron has a standard unit establishment of 10 or 12 aircraft.
{{clear}}
==Spesifikasi (F/A-18E/F)==
[[File:F18 schem 02.gif|right|upright=1.4|Three view projection of the Super Hornet]]
[[File:Boeing FA-18F Super Hornet at RIAT.jpg|thumb|F/A-18F at [[Royal International Air Tattoo]] 2004|alt=Jet aircraft with landing gear extended flying in a nose-high attitude.]]
[[File:Super Hornet on flight deck.jpg|thumb|An F/A-18F parked on the flight deck of aircraft carrier {{USS|Dwight D. Eisenhower|CVN-69|2}}, as the ship operates in the [[Arabian Sea]], December 2006]]
[[File:F18Efamilyweb.jpg|thumb|upright|Three different color schemes for F/A-18E]]
[[File:F18Ffamilyweb.jpg|thumb|upright|Three different color schemes for F/A-18F]]
{{Aircraft specifications
<!-- If you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please answer the following questions: -->
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=jet
<!-- Now, fill out the specs. Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply, like capacity, leave it blank. For additional lines, end your alt units with a right parenthesis ")" and start a new, fully formatted line beginning with an asterisk "*" -->
|ref=U.S. Navy fact file, others<ref>[http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/fighter/f18ef/ "F/A-18E/F Super Hornet."] ''Aerospaceweb.org''. Retrieved: 16 August 2010.</ref><ref>[http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qrjFeNOsuEY/TS0pRdh1k2I/AAAAAAAAAGU/1Nao6ZHY2_Q/s1600/page0022.jpg "F/A-18E Hornet".]''blogspot.com''. Retrieved: 31 January 2011.</ref>
<!-- General characteristics -->
|crew= F/A-18E: 1, F/A-18F: 2
|length main=60 ft 1¼ in
|length alt=18.31 m
|span main=44 ft 8½ in
|span alt=13.62 m
|height main=16 ft
|height alt=4.88 m
|area main=500 ft²
|area alt=46.5 m²
|empty weight main=32,081 lb
|empty weight alt=14,552 kg
|loaded weight main=47,000 lb
|loaded weight alt=21,320 kg) (in fighter configuration)
|max takeoff weight main=66,000 lb
|max takeoff weight alt=29,937 kg
|more general= '''Internal fuel capacity:''' F/A-18E: 14,400 lb (6,780 kg), F/A-18F: 13,550 lb (6,354 kg)
* '''External fuel capacity:''' 5 × 480 gal tanks, totaling 16,380 lb (7,381 kg)
<!-- Powerplant -->
|engine (jet)=[[General Electric F414]]-GE-400
|type of jet=[[turbofan]]s
|number of jets=2
|thrust main=13,000 lbf
|thrust alt=62.3 kN
|afterburning thrust main=22,000 lbf
|afterburning thrust alt=97.9 kN
<!-- Performance -->
|max speed main=Mach 1.8
|max speed alt=1,190 mph, 1,915 km/h
|max speed more=at 40,000 ft (12,190 m)
|ceiling main=50,000+ ft
|ceiling alt=15,000+ m
|range main=1,275 nmi
|range alt=2,346 km
|range more=clean plus two AIM-9s
|combat radius main=390 nmi
|combat radius alt=449 mi, 722 km
|combat radius more=for interdiction mission<ref>[http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/man/uswpns/air/fighter/f18.html "F/A-18E/F Super Hornet."] ''Fas.org.'' Retrieved: 9 September 2011.</ref>
|ferry range main=1,800 nmi
|ferry range alt=2,070 mi, 3,330 km
|ferry range more=
|climb rate main= 44,882 ft/min<ref>[http://www.fighterworld.com.au/az-of-fighter-aircraft/series-3/super-hornet "F/A-18F Super Hornet"] ''Fighterworld.'' Retrieved: 20 February 2013</ref>
|climb rate alt= 228 m/s
|loading main= 94.0 lb/ft²
|loading alt= 459 kg/m²
|thrust/weight= 0.93
|more performance=*'''Design load factor:''' 7.6 g
<!-- Armament & avionics -->
|guns= 1× [[20 mm caliber|20 mm (0.787 in)]] [[M61 Vulcan|M61A2 Vulcan]] nose-mounted [[Gatling gun|Gatling-style]] cannon, 578 rounds
|hardpoints= 11 total: 2× wingtips, 6× under-wing, and 3× under-fuselage
|hardpoint capacity= 17,750 lb (8,050 kg) external fuel and ordnance
|rockets=
|missiles=<br>
**[[Air-to-air missile]]s:
***4× [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] or 4× [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]], ''and''
***2× [[AIM-7 Sparrow]] or 2× [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]]
**[[Air-to-surface missile]]s:
***[[AGM-65 Maverick]]
***[[AGM-84H/K SLAM-ER|AGM-84H/K Standoff Land Attack Missile Expanded Range]] (SLAM-ER)
***[[AGM-88 HARM]] [[Anti-radiation missile]] (ARM)
***[[AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon]] (JSOW)
***[[AGM-158 JASSM|AGM-158 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile]] (JASSM)
**[[Anti-ship missile]]:
***[[AGM-84 Harpoon]]
***[[Long Range Anti-Ship Missile]] (LRASM), in the future
|bombs=
**[[Joint Direct Attack Munition|JDAM]] [[precision-guided munition]] (PGMs)
**[[Paveway]] series of [[laser-guided bomb]]s
**[[Mark 80|Mk 80 series]] of unguided [[Gravity bomb|iron bombs]]
**[[GATOR mine system|CBU-78 Gator]]
**[[CBU-87 Combined Effects Munition]]
**[[CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon]]
**[[CBU-100 Cluster Bomb|Mk 20 Rockeye II]]
*'''Others:'''
**SUU-42A/A [[Flare (countermeasure)|Flares/Infrared decoys]] dispenser pod and [[chaff (radar countermeasure)|chaff]] pod ''or''
**[[Electronic countermeasures]] (ECM) pod ''or''
**[[AN/ASQ-228 ATFLIR]] [[Targeting pods]] ''or''
**up to 3× 330 [[Gallon|U.S. gallon]] (1,200 L) ''Sargent Fletcher'' [[drop tank]]s for ferry flight ''or'' extended range/loitering time ''or''
**1× 330 U.S. gal (1,200 L) tank and 4× 480 U.S. gal (1,800 L) tanks for aerial refueling system (ARS).
|avionics=
*[[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]] [[APG-73]] ''or'' [[Raytheon]] [[APG-79]] Radar
*[[Northrop Grumman]]/[[ITT Corporation#ITT Avionics|ITT]] [[AN/ALE-165]] self-protection jammer pod ''or'' [[BAE Systems]] [[AN/ALE-214]] integrated defensive electronic countermeasures system
*[[Raytheon]] [[AN/ALE-50]] ''or'' [[BAE Systems]] [[AN/ALE-55]] towed decoy
*[[Northrop Grumman]] [[AN/ALR-67|AN/ALR-67(V)3]] radar warning receiver
*[[Multifunctional Information Distribution System|MIDS LVT]] ''or'' [[Joint Tactical Radio System|MIDS JTRS]] datalink transceiver
}}
==
{{aircontent
|see also=
|related=
*[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]]
*[[Boeing EA-18G Growler]]
|similar aircraft=
*[[Dassault Rafale]]
*[[Eurofighter Typhoon]]
*[[Grumman F-14 Tomcat]]
*[[Shenyang J-15|J-15]]
*[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]]
*[[Mikoyan MiG-29K]]
*[[Sukhoi Su-33]]
|lists=
<!-- See [[WP:Air/PC]] for more explanation of these fields. -->
}}
{{clear}}
== Referensi ==
Baris 100 ⟶ 254:
;Video
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQ3xwcgBHeo http://www.youtube.com/ Super Hornet startup]
{{Grumman aircraft}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:F A-18e F Super Hornet}}
[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang Boeing|F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat militer]]
Baris 112 ⟶ 267:
[[Kategori:Pesawat tempur serangan]]
[[Kategori:Pesawat serang darat]]
[[de:McDonnell Douglas F/A-18#F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]]
[[fr:McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet#La seconde génération]]
| |||