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His mother died on August and June in his return for all of these games they can make sure that they have the ability and then get out and see what happens if they don't want it but he has no way for him and he will Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
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{{Redirect|Brazil|film|Brazil (film)}}
{{Brasil infobox}}
'''Brasil''', dengan nama resmi '''Republik Federasi Brasil''' ({{lang-pt|República Federativa do Brasil}}),<ref name="Bello1966v">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernb0000bell<!--removed URL to Google Books as the content cannot be accessed from that source-->|title=A History of Modern Brazil: 1889–1964|author=José María Bello|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1966|isbn=978-0-8047-0238-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernb0000bell/page/56 56]}}</ref> adalah negara terbesar di [[Amerika Selatan]] dan di [[Amerika Latin]]. Brasil adalah [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|negara terluas kelima]] dan [[Daftar negara menurut jumlah penduduk|penduduk terbanyak ketujuh]] di dunia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-10-most-populated-countries-in-south-america.html|title=The 10 Most Populated Countries in South America|newspaper=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2018-08-04|archive-date=2018-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804231959/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-10-most-populated-countries-in-south-america.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Philander2012">{{Cite book |last=Philander |first=S. George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B8VE92tDqEEC&pg=PA148 |title=Encyclopedia of Global Warming and Climate Change, Second Edition |publisher=Princeton University |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4129-9261-9 |edition=Second |volume=1 |location=Los Angeles |page=148 |oclc=970592418}}</ref><ref name="CrocittiVallance2011">{{Cite book |last=Vallance |first=Monique M. |title=Brazil Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic |publisher=ABC-CLIO |others=Contributing editor Monique M. Vallance |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-313-34672-9 |editor-last=Crocitti |editor-first=John J. |page=xxiii |chapter=Preface and Observations on Contemporary Brazil |oclc=787850982 |ref={{harvid|Crocitti|Vallance|2012}} |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vP9jHaoL_s4C&pg=PR23}}</ref> Negara ini merupakan negara paling timur di benua Amerika Selatan dan dibatasi oleh [[Pegunungan Andes]] dan [[Samudra Atlantik]]. Nama Brasil diambil dari nama [[kayu brasil]], sejenis kayu lokal. Brasil merupakan tempat pertanian ekstensif dan [[hutan hujan tropis]]. Sebagai bekas koloni [[Portugal]], bahasa resmi di Brasil adalah [[bahasa Portugis]]. Selain itu, Brasil juga sebagai penghasil kopi terbesar di dunia selama 150 tahun terakhir.<ref name="Neilson102">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wokuHhx1AOUC&pg=PA1834|page=102|title=Value Chain Struggles|author1=Jeff Neilson|author2=Bill Pritchard|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4443-5544-4|access-date=2020-06-20|archive-date=2023-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217140652/https://books.google.com/books?id=wokuHhx1AOUC&pg=PA1834|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Dibatasi oleh Samudra Atlantik di sebelah timur, Brasil memiliki garis pantai sepanjang 7.491 kilometer (4.655 mi).<ref name="wfb"/> Selain itu, negara ini berbatasan dengan semua negara dan teritori lain di Amerika Selatan kecuali [[Ekuador]] dan [[Chili]] dan mencakup kira-kira setengah dari luas daratan benua tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.int/brazil/brasil/brazil-land.htm|title=Brazil – Land|last=<!--not specified-->|date=<!--not specified-->|website=Permanent Missions|publisher=United Nations|at=Geography|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023154830/http://www.un.int/brazil/brasil/brazil-land.htm|archive-date=23 October 2014|access-date=<!--not specified-->}}</ref> [[Cekungan Amazon|Cekungan Amazonnya]] mencakup [[Hutan hujan|hutan tropis]] yang luas, rumah bagi [[Margasatwa Brasil|beragam satwa liar]], beragam sistem ekologi, dan sumber daya alam yang luas yang mencakup banyak [[Kawasan lindung Brasil|habitat yang dilindungi]].<ref name="wfb"/> Warisan lingkungan yang unik ini memposisikan Brasil di nomor satu dari 17 [[Negara megadiversitas|negara megadiverse]], dan merupakan subjek kepentingan global yang signifikan, karena [[degradasi lingkungan]] melalui proses seperti [[deforestasi]] berdampak langsung pada masalah global seperti [[perubahan iklim]] dan [[hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati]].
Wilayah yang kemudian dikenal sebagai Brasil dihuni oleh banyak [[Penduduk asli di Brasil|negara suku]] sebelum pendaratan penjelajah [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]] pada tahun 1500, yang mengklaim tanah yang ditemukan untuk [[Imperium Portugal]]. Brasil tetap menjadi [[Brasil Kolonial|koloni Portugal]] hingga 1808 ketika ibu kota imperium [[Pemindahan Istana Portugal ke Brasil|dipindahkan]] dari [[Lisboa]] ke [[Rio de Janeiro]]. Pada tahun 1815, koloni tersebut dinaikan menjadi kerajaan setelah terbentuknya [[Kerajaan Bersatu Portugal, Brasil, dan Algarve]]s. [[Kemerdekaan Brasil|Kemerdekaan]] dicapai pada tahun 1822 dengan pembentukan [[Kekaisaran Brasil]], sebuah [[negara kesatuan]] yang diperintah di bawah [[monarki konstitusional]] dan [[sistem parlementer]]. Ratifikasi [[Konstitusi Brasil tahun 1824|konstitusi pertama pada tahun 1824]] mengarah pada pembentukan badan legislatif bikameral, yang sekarang disebut [[Kongres Nasional Brasil|Kongres Nasional]]. [[Perbudakan di Brasil|Perbudakan]] [[Abolisionisme|dihapuskan]] pada tahun 1888. Negara ini menjadi [[Proklamasi Republik Brasil|republik presidensial]] pada tahun 1889 menyusul kudeta militer. [[Kediktatoran militer di Brasil|Junta militer]] otoriter berkuasa pada [[Kudeta Brasil 1964|tahun 1964]] dan memerintah hingga tahun 1985, setelah itu pemerintahan sipil dilanjutkan. [[Konstitusi Brasil]] saat ini, yang dirumuskan pada tahun 1988, mendefinisikannya sebagai [[republik federal]] yang [[Demokrasi|demokratis]].<ref name="Constituição">{{cite web |title=Brazilian Federal Constitution |publisher=Presidency of the Republic |year=1988 |url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituiçao.htm |language=pt |access-date=3 June 2008 |archive-date=13 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213194044/http://www.planalto.gov.br/CCIVIL_03/Constituicao/Constitui%C3%A7ao.htm |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |title=Brazilian Federal Constitution |publisher=v-brazil.com |year=2007 |url=http://www.v-brazil.com/government/laws/titleI.html |quote=Unofficial translate |access-date=3 June 2008 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928070506/http://www.v-brazil.com/government/laws/titleI.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Karena kekayaan budaya dan sejarahnya, negara ini menempati urutan [[Daftar Situs Warisan Dunia di Brasil|ketiga belas di dunia]] menurut jumlah [[Situs Warisan Dunia]] [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list |title=UNESCO World Heritage Centre — World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=25 May 2012 |archive-date=2021-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314170923/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list |dead-url=no }}</ref>
Sebagai sekutu utama [[Amerika Serikat]] [[Sekutu non-NATO besar|non-NATO]], Brasil adalah [[kekuatan regional]] dan [[Kekuatan menengah|menengah]],<ref name="SchaeferPoffenbarger2014">{{cite book|author1=M. Schaefer|author2=J. Poffenbarger|title=The Formation of the BRICS and its Implication for the United States: Emerging Together|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXdaBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT32|date= 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-38794-3|page=32}}</ref><ref name="Burges2016">{{cite book|author=Sean W. Burges|title=Latin America and the Shifting Sands of Globalization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tolwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114|year= 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-69658-2|pages=114–15}}</ref><ref name="Gina">{{Cite journal |doi=10.1111/blar.12417|title = Brazil: What Rise of What Power?|journal = Bulletin of Latin American Research|volume = 35|pages = 5–19|year = 2016|last1 = Gardini|first1 = Gian Luca|doi-access = free}}</ref> dan juga diklasifikasikan sebagai [[kekuatan baru]].<ref name="FRIDE">[http://fride.org/descarga/com_emerging_powers_eng_abr08.pdf FRIDE: The international arena and emerging powers: stabilising or destabilising forces?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615194931/http://fride.org/descarga/com_emerging_powers_eng_abr08.pdf |date=15 June 2016 }}, Susanne Gratius, April 2008</ref><ref name="Collecott">{{cite web|author=Peter Collecott|url=http://www.diplomaticourier.com/2011/10/29/brazil-s-quest-for-superpower-status/|title=Brazil's Quest for Superpower Status|publisher=The Diplomatic Courier|date=29 October 2011|access-date=10 August 2014|archive-date=2019-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402030604/https://www.diplomaticourier.com/2011/10/29/brazil-s-quest-for-superpower-status/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Clendenning |first=Alan |title=Booming Brazil could be world power soon |page=2 |newspaper=USA Today |agency=The Associated Press |date=17 April 2008 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/2008-04-17-310212789_x.htm |access-date=12 December 2008 |archive-date=2011-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820003302/http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/2008-04-17-310212789_x.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="DominguezKim2013">{{cite book|author1=Jorge Dominguez|author2=Byung Kook Kim|title=Between Compliance and Conflict: East Asia Latin America and the New Pax Americana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c0I_4JmjFbwC&pg=PA98|year=2013|publisher=Center for International Affairs, Harvard University|isbn=978-1-136-76983-2|pages=98–99}}</ref> Dikategorikan sebagai [[negara berkembang]] dengan [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia]] yang tinggi,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nations |first=United |title=Country Insights |url=https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights |language=en |access-date=2023-01-03 |archive-date=2022-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712063231/https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights |dead-url=no }}</ref> Brasil dianggap sebagai ekonomi berkembang yang maju,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ftse.com/products/downloads/FTSE-Country-Classification-Update-2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121072632/https://www.ftse.com/products/downloads/FTSE-Country-Classification-Update-2018.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-21 |url-status=live |title=FTSE Country Classification |publisher=[[FTSE Group]] |date= September 2018 |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> memiliki [[Produk domestik bruto|PDB]] [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal)|terbesar kedua belas]] di dunia secara nominal, dan [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB) per kapita|kesembilan]] menurut ukuran PPP, terbesar di [[Amerika Latin]].<ref name="IMF, October 2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=44&pr.y=11&sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C962%2C911%2C674%2C314%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C836%2C918%2C558%2C748%2C138%2C618%2C196%2C624%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=#cs120|title=International Monetary Fund|website=imf.org|access-date=2023-01-03|archive-date=2021-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019221148/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=44&pr.y=11&sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,668,914,672,612,946,614,137,311,546,213,962,911,674,314,676,193,548,122,556,912,678,313,181,419,867,513,682,316,684,913,273,124,868,339,921,638,948,514,943,218,686,963,688,616,518,223,728,516,836,918,558,748,138,618,196,624,278,522,692,622,694,156,142,626,449,628,564,228,565,924,283,233,853,632,288,636,293,634,566,238,964,662,182,960,359,423,453,935,968,128,922,611,714,321,862,243,135,248,716,469,456,253,722,642,942,643,718,939,724,734,576,644,936,819,961,172,813,132,726,646,199,648,733,915,184,134,524,652,361,174,362,328,364,258,732,656,366,654,144,336,146,263,463,268,528,532,923,944,738,176,578,534,537,536,742,429,866,433,369,178,744,436,186,136,925,343,869,158,746,439,926,916,466,664,112,826,111,542,298,967,927,443,846,917,299,544,582,941,474,446,754,666,698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=#cs120|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html |title=CIA – The World Factbook – Country Comparisons – GDP (purchasing power parity) |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=25 January 2011 |archive-date=4 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604195034/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sebagai ekonomi berpenghasilan menengah-atas menurut [[Bank Dunia]]<ref name="wb-upper-middle">{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and-lending-groups#Upper_middle_income |title=Country and Lending Groups |publisher=World Bank |access-date=5 March 2011 |quote=Uppermiddle Income defined as a per capita income between $3,976 – $12,275 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318125456/http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and-lending-groups |archive-date=18 March 2011}}</ref> dan [[negara industri baru]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019 |archive-date=2019-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222001529/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |dead-url=no }}</ref> Brasil memiliki [[Daftar negara berdasarkan kekayaan total|pangsa kekayaan global]] terbesar di Amerika Selatan dan merupakan salah satu lumbung roti utama dunia dan menjadi penghasil kopi terbesar selama 150 tahun terakhir.<ref name="Neilson102" /> Namun, negara ini mempertahankan jumlah korupsi, kejahatan, dan ketidaksetaraan sosial yang nyata. Brasil adalah anggota pendiri [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]], [[G20]], [[BRICS]], [[Mercosur|Mercosul]], [[Organisasi Negara-Negara Amerika|Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika]], [[Organisasi Negara-negara Ibero-Amerika]], dan [[Komunitas Negara-Negara Berbahasa Portugis]].
== Sejarah ==
{{utama|Sejarah Brasil}}
Brasil meraih kemerdekaannya dari Portugis pada [[7 September]] [[1822]]. Negara yang terletak di bagian tengah dan timur Amerika Selatan ini menjadi wilayah jajahan [[Portugis]] sejak [[1494]]. Pada [[1889]], sistem pemerintahan Brasil berubah dari monarki menjadi republik.
== Geografi ==
Baris 64 ⟶ 77:
== Demografi ==
{{utama|Demografi Brasil}}
Wilayah Brasil meliputi bagian terluas kawasan utara, tengah, dan timur Amerika Selatan serta berbatasan langsung dengan negara-negara yang ada di benua ini kecuali [[Chili]] dan [[Ekuador]]. Wilayahnya yang hampir meliputi setengah bagian Amerika Selatan ini memanjang 4.319
[[Berkas:Jean baptiste debret - caçador escravos.jpg|jmpl|Orang asli di Brasil, lukisan karya [[Jean-Baptiste Debret]].]]
Baris 94 ⟶ 107:
{{utama|Olahraga di Brasil}}
Olahraga di Brasil yang terkenal yaitu [[Capoeira]], [[Vale tudo]], [[sepak bola]], dan [[Jiu-Jitsu]].
Pan American Games 2007 (Pan American Games ke-15) diadakan di [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brasil dari [[13 Juli|13]] - [[29 Juli]] [[2007]]. Salah satu pembalap mobil tersukses di dunia [[Ayrton Senna]] berasal dari Brasil. Brasil adalah negara yang paling banyak menjuarai Piala Dunia, sebanyak 5 kali. Ada banyak sekali pemain sepakbola yang sangat hebat berasal dari Brasil, beberapa diantaranya seperti [[Leônidas da Silva]], [[Pele]], [[Garrincha]], [[Jairzinho]], [[Sócrates]], [[Romário]], [[Ronaldo Nazario]], [[Ronaldinho]], [[Kaká]], [[Neymar]] dan [[Rodrygo Goes]].
== Referensi ==
Baris 108 ⟶ 121:
== Pranala luar ==
{{Sister project links|voy=Brazil}}
* [http://www.visitbrasil.com/index.html?__locale=en Official Tourist Guide of Brazil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716234855/http://www.visitbrasil.com/index.html?__locale=en |date=2012-07-16 }}
* [http://www.brasil.gov.br/?set_language=en Brazilian Federal Government]
* [http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/ Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/brazil.htm Brazil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705053556/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/brazil.htm |date=2008-07-05 }} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* {{dmoz|Regional/South_America/Brazil}}
* [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/brtoc.html Country Profile] from the U.S. [[Library of Congress]] (1997)
Baris 129 ⟶ 142:
[[Kategori:Negara G20]]
[[Kategori:Negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]
[[Kategori:Negara G15]]
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