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{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->|name=C. S. Lewis|nationality=<!-- Leave blank until ongoing disputes have been resolved and Consensus reached, see talk page -->|relatives=[[Warren Lewis]]<br>(saudara laki-laki)|children=2 anak sambung, termasuk [[Douglas Gresham]]|spouse={{marriage|[[Joy Davidman]]|1956|1960|reason=died}}|notableworks=''[[The Chronicles of Narnia]]''<br />''[[Mere Christianity]]''<br />''[[The Allegory of Love]]''<br />''[[The Screwtape Letters]]''<br />''[[The Space Trilogy]]''<br />''[[Till We Have Faces]]''<br />''[[Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life]]''|genre=[[Apologetika Kristen]], fantasi, fiksi ilmiah, bacaan anak|alma_mater=[[University College, Oxford]]|citizenship=<!-- Leave blank until ongoing disputes have been resolved and Consensus reached, see talk page -->|occupation=Novelis, sarjana, penyiar|image=C.s.lewis3.JPG <!-- FAIR USE of C.s.lewis3.JPG: see image description page at http://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Image:C.s.lewis3.JPG for rationale -->|death_place=[[Oxford]], Inggris|death_date={{death date and age|df=y|1963|11|22|1898|11|29}}|birth_place=[[Belfast]], Irlandia <!-- not "Northern Ireland, because Northern Ireland did not exist at the time -->|birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1898|11|29}}|birth_name=Clive Staples Lewis|pseudonym=Clive Hamilton, N. W. Clerk|caption=Lewis, berumur 48 tahun|alt=Monochrome head-and-left-shoulder photo portrait of 50-year-old Lewis|signature=}}'''Clive Staples Lewis''' ({{lahirmati|[[Belfast]], [[Irlandia]]|29|11|1898||22|11|1963}}) adalah seorang penulis, [[Teologi Yohanes Calvin|teolog]] ([[Kekristenan|kristen]]) [[Kaum awam|awam]] dan pakar sastra [[Britania Raya]], dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga [[Protestan]] di [[Belfast]], meskipun sebagian besar hidupnya dilewati di [[Inggris]]. Lewis dikenal karena karyanya dalam [[sastra abad pertengahan]] dan untuk [[apologetik Kristen]]nya serta fiksi, khususnya seri bukunya yang berjudul ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia]]''.
== Masa kecil ==
Clive Staples Lewis dilahirkan di [[Belfast]], [[Irlandia]] (kini [[Irlandia Utara]]), dari Albert James Lewis dan Flora Augusta Hamilton Lewis. Ia mempunyai kakak laki-laki, [[Warren Lewis|Warren Hamilton Lewis]] (Warnie), yang tiga tahun lebih tua. Sewaktu kecil ia mengambil nama "Jack", semata-mata karena ia menyukai bunyinya. Sejak saat itu ia dikenal dengan [[nama kecil]] ini oleh teman-teman dekat dan anggota keluarganya. Ibu Lewis meninggal pada 1908, dan ia dikirim ke sejumlah sekolah di Inggris.
Sewaktu kecil, Lewis suka sekali akan "binatang yang berpakaian". Ia jatuh cinta pada cerita-cerita [[Beatrix Potter]] dan
Pada masa remajanya, ia kagum terhadap [[Richard Wagner]] dan lagu-lagu serta legenda-legenda Negeri Utara. Semuanya itu memperkuat kerinduan di dalam dirinya, hasrat yang mendalam yang belakangan disebutnya "suka cita".
<!--They intensified a longing he had within him, a deep desire he would later call "joy." He also grew to love nature—the beautiful scenes in nature reminded him of the stories of the North, and the stories of the North reminded him of the beauties of nature. In his teenage years, his writing moved away from the tales of Boxen, and he began to use different art forms (poetry and opera) to try and capture his newfound interest in [[Norse mythology]] and in the natural world.
In 1916 Lewis won a [[scholarship]] to [[University College, Oxford]] while World War I was raging. Because he was Irish, Lewis was exempted from the draft, but against his father's wishes he enlisted in the British Army in [[1917]]. He was commissioned as an officer in the third Battalion, [[Somerset Light Infantry]]. Lewis arrived at the front line in the [[Somme]] Valley in [[France]] on his nineteenth birthday, where he met a fellow Irishman, Paddy Moore.
Lewis and Moore agreed that if either of them was killed, the other would take care of his family. Moore was killed in action and Lewis kept his promise. After the war, Lewis sought out Paddy's mother, who lived with him until the end of her life. Many scholars believe that she is the basis of the characters of "the Patient's mother" in the [[The Screwtape Letters|Screwtape Letters]] and Mrs. Macready in the [[Narnia]] books.
Lewis was wounded during the [[Battle of Arras]], and suffered some depression, due in part to missing his Irish home. On his recovery, he was assigned duty in England. He was discharged in December 1918, and returned to his studies. He received a First in [[Honour Moderations]] (Greek and Latin Literature) in 1920, a First in [[Greats]] (Philosophy and Ancient History) in 1922, and a First in [[English studies|English]] in 1923.
=="My Irish Life"==
Lewis experienced a certain cultural shock when living in England. “No Englishman will be able to understand my first impressions of England,” Lewis wrote in [[Surprised by Joy]]. “The strange English accents with which I was surrounded seemed like the voices of demons. But what was worst was the English landscape… I have made up the quarrel since; but at that moment I conceived a hatred for England which took many years to heal.”
From his youth, Lewis had immersed himself in [[Irish mythology]] and literature and expressed an interest in the [[Irish language]]. He later developed a particular fondness for [[W. B. Yeats]], in part because of Yeats’s use of Ireland’s [[Celtic]] heritage in poetry. In a letter to a friend Lewis wrote, "I have here discovered an author exactly after my own heart, whom I am sure you would delight in, W. B. Yeats. He writes plays and poems of rare spirit and beauty about our old Irish mythology."
He was surprised to find his English peers indifferent to Yeats and the [[Celtic Twilight]] movement. In describing his time at Oxford he wrote, “I am often surprised to find how utterly ignored Yeats is among the men I have met: perhaps his appeal is purely Irish — if so, then thank the gods that I am Irish.”
Perhaps to help cope with his environment, Lewis even expressed a somewhat tongue in cheek chauvinism toward the English. Describing an encounter with a fellow Irishman he wrote, “Like all Irish people who meet in England we ended by criticisms of the inevitable flippancy and dullness of the [[Anglo-Saxon]] race. After all, ami, there is no doubt that the Irish are the only people… I would not gladly live or die among another folk.”
Lewis did indeed live and die among another folk, due to his Oxford career and often expressed a certain regret at having to leave Ireland. Throughout his life, he sought out the company of his fellow Irish living in England and visited Ireland regularly. He called this “my Irish life”.
Early in his career, Lewis considered sending his work to the major [[Dublin]] publishers. In a letter to a friend he wrote, "If I do ever send my stuff to a publisher, I think I shall try Maunsel, those Dublin people, and so tack myself definitely onto the Irish school." After his conversion to Christianity, his interests gravitated towards Christian spirituality and away from Celtic mysticism.
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<b>Works on heaven and hell.</b> <i>[[The Great Divorce]]</i> is a short novel about imagined conversations in the foothills of [[Heaven]] between the saved and the potentially damned. The title is a reference to [[William Blake]]'s ''[[The Marriage of Heaven and Hell]]''. This work deliberately echoes two other more famous works with a similar theme: the ''[[Divine Comedy]]'' of [[Dante|Dante Aligheri]], and [[John Bunyan]]'s ''[[Pilgrim's Progress]]''. Another short [[novel]], ''[[The Screwtape Letters]]'', consists of letters of advice from a senior [[demon]], Screwtape, to his nephew Wormwood, on the best ways to tempt a particular human and secure his [[Damnation#Religious|damnation]]. See, [[Problem of Hell]].
<b>The Chronicles of Narnia.</b> This is a series of seven [[fantasy fiction|fantasy]] novels for children that is by far the most popular of Lewis's works. The books have Christian themes and describe the adventures of a group of children who visit a magical land called [[Narnia]].
<b>Non-Christian works.</b> Lewis's last novel was <i>[[Till We Have Faces]]</i>. Many believe (as he did) that it is his most mature and masterful work of fiction, but it was never a popular success. It is a retelling of the myth of [[Cupid and Psyche]] from the unusual perspective of Psyche's sister. It is deeply concerned with religious ideas, but the setting is entirely pagan, and the connections with specific Christian beliefs are left implicit.
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Lewis died on [[November 22]], [[1963]], at the Oxford home he shared with his brother, [[Warren Lewis|Warren]]. He is buried in the Headington Quarry Churchyard, Oxford, England. Media coverage of his death was overshadowed by news of the [[assassination of President John F. Kennedy]], which occurred on the same day, as did the death of author [[Aldous Huxley]]. (This coincidence was the inspiration for Peter Kreeft’s book ''Between Heaven and Hell: A Dialog Somewhere Beyond Death with John F. Kennedy, C. S. Lewis & Aldous Huxley''. In this philosophical work, the three men meet in a limbo before the afterlife, and debate the divinity of Jesus Christ, contrasting the differences in their personalities and world views — [[humanism]], [[Christianity]], and [[pantheism]].)
A bronze statue of Lewis looking into a wardrobe stands in Belfast's Holywood Arches.
Many books have been inspired by Lewis, including ''[[A Severe Mercy]]'' by his correspondent [[Sheldon Vanauken]]. ''The Chronicles Of Narnia'' has been particularly influential. Modern children's authors like [[Daniel Handler]] (''[[A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'') and [[Eoin Colfer]] (''[[Artemis Fowl (series)|Artemis Fowl]]'') have been influenced more or less by Lewis's series. [[JK Rowling]] has said
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Most of Lewis's posthumous work has been edited by his [[literary executor]], [[Walter Hooper]]. An independent Lewis scholar, the late [[Kathryn Lindskoog]], argued in several books that Hooper's scholarship is not reliable and that he has made false statements and attributed forged works to Lewis. (See ''[[The Dark Tower (1977 novel)|The Dark Tower]]''.) Scholars in the field of Lewis studies are divided over whether these charges have been settled at all, and if so in whose favor.-->
== Bibliografi ==
=== Nonfiksi ===
* ''[[The Allegory of Love]]: A Study in Medieval Tradition'' (1936)
* ''[[Rehabilitations]] and other essays'' (1939) — dua esai tidak terdapat di ''Essay Collection'' (2000)
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=== Fiksi ===
* ''[[The Pilgrim's Regress]]'' ([[1933]])
* '''[[Space Trilogy]]'''
** ''[[Out of the Silent Planet]]'' ([[1938]])
** ''[[Perelandra]]'' ([[1943]])
** ''[[That Hideous Strength]]'' ([[1946]])
* ''[[The Screwtape Letters]]'' ([[1942]])
* ''[[The Great Divorce]]'' ([[1945]])
* '''[[The Chronicles of Narnia]]'''
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** ''[[The Magician's Nephew]]'' ([[1955]])
** ''[[The Last Battle]]'' ([[1956]])
* ''[[Till We Have Faces]]'' ([[1956]])
* ''[[Letters to Malcolm: Chiefly on Prayer]]'' ([[1963]])
* ''[[The Dark Tower (1977 novel)|The Dark Tower]] and other stories'' ([[1977]])
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=== Puisi ===
* ''[[Spirits in Bondage]]'' ([[1919]]; diterbitkan dengan nama samaran «Clive Hamilton»)
* ''[[Dymer]]'' ([[1926]]; diterbitkan dengan nama samaran «Clive Hamilton»)
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== Pranala luar ==
{{wikiquote|C. S. Lewis}}
* {{en}} [http://personal.bgsu.edu/~edwards/lewis.html C. S. Lewis & The Inklings Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051107214915/http://personal.bgsu.edu/~edwards/lewis.html |date=2005-11-07 }}
* {{en}} [http://cslewis.drzeus.net Into the Wardrobe: a C. S. Lewis web site]
* {{en}} [http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/people/lewis.htm ReligionFacts.com: C.S. Lewis]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Fast facts, timeline, summary of works
* {{en}} [http://www.mrrena.com/Lewis.shtml In Lenton Lands]
* {{en}} [http://www.narniafans.com/cslewis.php NarniaFans.com - C.S. Lewis]
* {{en}} [http://www.thestonetable.com/landing_pages/1,3.html Biografi di TheStoneTable.com]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{imdb nama|id=0507000|nama=C.S. Lewis}}
* {{en}} [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/questionofgod/ PBS |
* {{en}} [http://ic.net/~erasmus/RAZ26.HTM C.S. Lewis: 20th-Century Christian Knight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060127000645/http://ic.net/~erasmus/RAZ26.HTM |date=2006-01-27 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.scriptoriumnovum.com/l.html C.S. Lewis Chronicles]
* {{en}} [http://www.aslan.demon.co.uk/cslfaq.htm Alt.books.cs-lewis FAQ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021202084439/http://www.aslan.demon.co.uk/cslfaq.htm |date=2002-12-02 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.cslewis.com/ C.S. Lewis Classics]
* {{en}} [http://www.tektonics.org/jesusclaims/trilemma.html "The Trilemma. Lord Liar or Lunatic?"]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{en}} [http://www.solcon.nl/arendsmilde/cslewis/reflections/index.htm Sweetly Notes & Reflections on C. S. Lewis]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{en}} [http://www.cslewis.org/ C.S. Lewis Foundation]
* {{en}} [http://findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1455 FindAGrave C.S.Lewis]
<!--== Books about C. S. Lewis ==
*Chad Walsh, ''C. S. Lewis: Apostle to the Skeptics''. Macmillan, 1949.
*Clyde S. Kilby, ''The Christian World of C. S. Lewis''. Eerdmans, 1964.
*Jocelyn Gibb (ed.), ''Light on C. S. Lewis''. Geoffrey Bles, 1965.
*Joe R. Christopher & Joan K. Ostling, ''C. S. Lewis: An Annotated Checklist of Writings about him and his Works''. Kent State University Press, n.d. (1972). ISBN
*Humphrey Carpenter, ''The Inklings: C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Charles Williams and their friends''. George Allen & Unwin, 1978. ISBN
*Chad Walsh, ''The Literary Legacy of C. S. Lewis''. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979. ISBN
*Walter Hooper, ''Through Joy and Beyond: A Pictorial Biography of C. S. Lewis''. Macmillan, 1982. ISBN
*John Beversluis, ''C. S. Lewis and the Search for Rational Religion''. Eerdmans, 1985. ISBN
*George Sayer, ''Jack: C. S. Lewis and His Times''. Macmillan, 1988. ISBN
*G. B. Tennyson (ed.), ''Owen Barfield on C.S. Lewis''. Wesleyan University Press, 1989. ISBN
*A. N. Wilson, ''C. S. Lewis: A Biography''. W. W. Norton, 1990. ISBN
*[[James Como]], ''C. S. Lewis at the Breakfast Table and Other Reminiscences''. New edition, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992. ISBN
*George Watson (ed.), ''Critical Essays on C. S. Lewis''. Scolar Press, 1992. ISBN 085957853
*Susan Lowenberg, ''C. S. Lewis: A Reference Guide 1972-1988''. Hall & Co., 1993. ISBN
*Kathryn Lindskoog, ''Light in the Shadowlands: Protecting the Real C. S. Lewis''. Multnomah Pub., 1994. ISBN
*Michael Coren, ''The Man Who Created Narnia: The Story of C.S. Lewis''. Eerdmans Pub Co, Reprint edition 1996. ISBN
*Walter Hooper, ''C. S. Lewis: A Companion and Guide''. HarperCollins, 1996. ISBN
*Jeffrey D. Schultz and John G. West, Jr. (eds.), ''The C.S. Lewis Readers' Encyclopedia''. Zondervan Publishing House, 1998. ISBN
*[[James Como]], Branches to Heaven: The Geniuses of C. S. Lewis, Spence, 1998.
*Roger Lancelyn Green & Walter Hooper, ''C. S. Lewis: A Biography''. Fully revised & expanded edition. HarperCollins, 2002. ISBN
*Joseph Pearce, ''C. S. Lewis and the Catholic Church''. Ignatius Press, 2003. ISBN
*Bruce L. Edwards, ''Not a Tame Lion: The Spiritual World of Narnia''. Tyndale. 2005. Up and Further In: Understanding C. S. Lewis's The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe''. Broadman and Holman, 2005.
*Bruce L. Edwards, ''Further Up and Further In: Understanding C. S. Lewis's The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe''. Broadman and Holman, 2005.
*[[James Como]], Remembering C. S. Lewis (3rd ed. of C. S. Lewis at the Breakfast Table), ''. Ignatius, 2006
==
*[[Christian apologetics]] (field of study concerned with the defense of Christianity)
*[[The Inklings]]-->
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[[Kategori:Penulis Irlandia Utara]]
[[Kategori:Penulis Britania Raya]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Kristen Britania Raya]]
[[Kategori:Apologis Kristen]]
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