CRISPR: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Biologi sintetis}}[[Berkas:Crispr.png|thumbjmpl|450px|rightka|Diagram mekanisme pertahanan antiviral prokariota CRISPR.<ref name="pmid20056882">{{cite journal | vauthors = Horvath P, Barrangou R | title = CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea | journal = Science | volume = 327 | issue = 5962 | pages = 167–70 | date = January 2010 | pmid = 20056882 | doi = 10.1126/Science.1179555 | bibcode = 2010Sci...327..167H }}</ref>]]

'''CRISPR''' ([[Bahasa Inggris]]: '''''Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats''''', dilafalkan ''crisper''<ref name="sawyer2013">{{cite web | url = http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/bio2.0/editing_genomes_with_the_bacterial | title = Editing Genomes with the Bacterial Immune System | last = Sawyer | first = Eric | name-list-format = vanc | date = 9 February 2013 | website = Scitable | doi = | pmid = | access-date = 6 April 2015 | publisher = Nature Publishing Group}}</ref>) adalah bagian dari [[DNA]] [[prokariota]] yang mengandung urutan dasar pendek, berulang. Dalam suatu pengulangan [[palindrom]], urutan [[nukleotida]] adalah sama dalam kedua arah. Setiap pengulangan diikuti oleh bagian pendek [[DNA pengatur jarak]] dari paparan sebelumnya oleh DNA asing (yakni suatu [[BakterifagBakteriofag|virus]] atau [[plasmid]]).<ref name="pmid20125085">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marraffini LA, Sontheimer EJ | title = CRISPR interference: RNA-directed adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea | journal = Nature Reviews Genetics | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 181–90 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 20125085 | pmc = 2928866 | doi = 10.1038/nrg2749 }}</ref> Kelompok kecil dari gen ''cas'' (''CRISPR-associated system'') terletak di samping urutan CRISPR.

Sistem CRISPR/sistem ''Cas'' adalah suatu [[sistem kekebalan]] prokariota yang memberikan perlawanan terhadap elemen genetik asing seperti yang hadir dalam plasmid dan [[bakterifagbakteriofag]]t<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Redman M, King A, Watson C, King D | title = What is CRISPR/Cas9? | journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition | volume = 101 | issue = 4 | pages = 213–5 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 27059283 | doi = 10.1136/archdischild-2016-310459 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17379808">{{cite journal | vauthors = Barrangou R, Fremaux C, Deveau H, Richards M, Boyaval P, Moineau S, Romero DA, Horvath P | title = CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes | journal = Science | volume = 315 | issue = 5819 | pages = 1709–12 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17379808 | pmc = | doi = 10.1126/science.1138140 | bibcode = 2007Sci...315.1709B }} {{Registration required}}</ref><ref name="pmid19095942">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marraffini LA, Sontheimer EJ | title = CRISPR interference limits horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci by targeting DNA | journal = Science | volume = 322 | issue = 5909 | pages = 1843–5 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 19095942 | pmc = 2695655 | doi = 10.1126/science.1165771 | bibcode = 2008Sci...322.1843M }}</ref> yang menyediakan bentuk [[sistem kekebalanimun tiruanadaptif]]. RNA menyimpan urutan pengatur jarak yang membantu protein ''Cas'' mengenali dan memotong DNA eksogen. Protein ''Cas'' yang dipandu RNA lainnya memotong RNA asing.<ref name=Mohanraju2016>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohanraju P, Makarova KS, Zetsche B, Zhang F, Koonin EV, van der Oost J |title=Diverse evolutionary roots and mechanistic variations of the CRISPR-Cas systems |journal=Science |volume=353 |issue=6299 |pages=aad5147 |year=2016 |pmid=27493190 |doi=10.1126/science.aad5147 }}</ref> CRISPR ditemukan dalam sekitar 40% dari genom [[bakteri]] berurutanyang telah disekuensing dan 90% [[arkea]] berurutanyang telah disekuensing.<ref name="pmid17521438">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grissa I, Vergnaud G, Pourcel C | title = The CRISPRdb database and tools to display CRISPRs and to generate dictionaries of spacers and repeats | journal = BMC Bioinformatics | volume = 8 | pages = 172 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17521438 | pmc = 1892036 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2105-8-172 }}</ref><ref group="note">71/79 Archaea, 463/1008 Bacteria [http://crispr.u-psud.fr/crispr/CRISPRdatabase.php CRISPRdb], Date: 19.6.2010 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516061838/http://crispr.u-psud.fr/crispr/CRISPRdatabase.php |date=May 16, 2015 }}</ref>

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sander JD, Joung JK | title = CRISPR-Cas systems for editing, regulating and targeting genomes | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-biotechnology_2014-04_32_4/page/347 | journal = Nature Biotechnology | volume = 32 | issue = 4 | pages = 347–55 | date = April 2014 | pmid = 24584096 | doi = 10.1038/nbt.2842 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Deveau H, Garneau JE, Moineau S | title = CRISPR/Cas system and its role in phage-bacteria interactions | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-microbiology_2010_64/page/475 | journal = Annual Review of Microbiology | volume = 64 | pages = 475–93 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20528693 | pmc = | doi = 10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134123 }}

* [https://www.ibiology.org/ibiomagazine/jennifergenetics-doudnaand-genome-engineering-withgene-regulation/crispr-cas9-birth-of-a-breakthrough-technology.html/ Jennifer Doudna talk: Genome Engineering with CRISPR-Cas9: Birth of a Breakthrough Technology]

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