Christopher Kelk Ingold: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Sir Christopher Kelk Ingold''' {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}}<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Shoppee | first1 = C. W. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1972.0012 | title = Christopher Kelk Ingold. 1893-1970 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 18 | pages = 348–326 | year = 1972 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> (28 Oktober 1893 &ndash;– 8 Desember 1970) adalah seorang [[kimiawan]] [[Britania Raya|Inggris]] yang berbasis di [[Leeds]] dan [[London]]. Karya terobosannya pada tahun 1920 dan 1930-an mengenai [[mekanisme reaksi]] dan struktur elektronik [[senyawa organik]] yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pengenalan ke dalam konsep kimia arus utama seperti [[nukleofil]], [[elektrofil]], efek induktif dan resonansi, dan penjelasannya seperti [[reaksi SN1|S_N1]], [[reaksi SN2|S_N2]], [[Reaksi eliminasi#Mekanisme E1|E1]], dan [[Reaksi eliminasi#Mekanisme E2|E2]]. Ia juga penulis bagi [[aturan prioritas Cahn–Ingold–Prelog]]. Ingold dianggap sebagai salah satu pelopor utama [[kimia organik fisik]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Saltzman | first1 = M. D. | title = The development of physical organic chemistry in the United States and the United Kingdom: 1919-1939, parallels and contrasts | doi = 10.1021/ed063p588 | journal = Journal of Chemical Education | volume = 63 | issue = 7 | pages = 588 | year = 1986 | pmid = | pmc = }}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author = Ingold, C. K. | title = Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry | url = https://archive.org/details/structuremechani0000ckin | year = 1953 | publisher = Cornell University Press | location = Ithaca, New York | isbn = 0-8014-0499-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Ingold, Christopher K. | title = Principles of an Electronic Theory of Organic Reactions | journal = Chemical Reviews | year = 1934 | volume = 15 | pages = 238&ndash;274238–274 | doi=10.1021/cr60051a003}}</ref>

[[Berkas:Christopher Ingold plaque.jpg|thumbjmpl|leftkiri|Plakat peringatan RSC di University College.]]

Ingold memulai studi ilmiahnya di Hartley University College di Southampton (sekarang [[Universitas Southampton]]), menerima gelar [[Sarjana Sains|BSc]] eksternal pada tahun 1913 di [[University of London]]. Setelah sekian lama dengan [[Imperial College London]] dan beberapa layanan perang, sebagai ilmuwan, Ingold memperoleh gelar [[Magister|MSc]], lagi-lagi dari University of London. Dia kembali ke Imperial College untuk diajak bekerja sama dengan [[Jocelyn Field Thorpe]],<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ingold | first1 = C. K. | authorlink = Christopher Kelk Ingold| title = [[Jocelyn Field Thorpe]]. 1872-1939 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1941.0020 | journal = Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 3 | issue = 10 | pages = 530–526 | year = 1941 | pmid = | jstor = 769165| pmc = }}</ref> dan dianugerahi gelar [[PhD]] dipada tahun 1918 dan [[Doktor|DSc]] dipada tahun 1921.

Ingold menikahi Dr. Hilda Usherwood, seorang ahli kimia yang dengannya dia berkolaborasi, pada tahun 1923. Mereka memiliki dua anak perempuan dan seorang putra yang juga kimiawan, [[Keith Usherwood Ingold|Keith Ingold]].<ref>{{cite book | author = Nye, Mary Jo | title = From Chemical Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry | year = 1994 | publisher = University of California Press | pages = 197&ndash;198197–198 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=z39bhlMAHMYC&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=classic+chemistry+ingold | isbn = 978-0-520-08210-6}}</ref>

Dimulai sekitar tahun 1926, Ingold dan [[Robert Robinson (kimiawan organik)|Robert Robinson]] melakukan perdebatan sengit mengenai pendekatan teoritisteoretis elektronik terhadap mekanisme reaksi organik. Lihat, misalnya, ringkasan oleh Saltzman.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Saltzman | first1 = M. D. | title = The Robinson-Ingold controversy: Precedence in the electronic theory of organic reactions | doi = 10.1021/ed057p484 | journal = Journal of Chemical Education | volume = 57 | issue = 7 | pages = 484 | year = 1980 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref>

Ingold menulis dan ikut menulis 443 makalah.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Saltzman, Martin D. | title = C. K. Ingold's Development of the Concept of Mesomerism | journal = Bulletin for the History of Chemistry | year = 1996 | volume = 19 | pages = 25&ndash;3225–32}}</ref>

*{{cite book | author = Leffek, Kenneth T. | title = Sir Christopher Ingold: A Major Prophet of Organic Chemistry | url = https://archive.org/details/sirchristopherin0000kenn | year = 1996 | publisher = Nova Lion Press | location = | isbn = 0-9680674-0-9}}

*{{cite journal | author = Ridd, John | title = Organic Pioneer | journal = Chemistry World |date=Desember 2008 | volume = 5 | issue = 12 | pages = 50&ndash;5350–53}}

*[http://www.chemistry.msu.edu/Portraits/PortraitsHH_Detail.asp?HH_LName=Ingold Biografi di Michigan State University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060310113032/http://www.chemistry.msu.edu/Portraits/PortraitsHH_Detail.asp?HH_LName=Ingold |date=2006-03-10 }}