Dennis Ritchie: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Scientist
|name = Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie
|image =Dennis Ritchie 2011.jpg
|image_size = 260px
|caption = Dennis Ritchie pada tahun 1999
|birth_date = {{birth date|1941|9|9}}
|birth_place = [[Bronxville]], [[New York]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2011|10|12|1941|9|9}}
|death_place = [[Murray Hill]], [[New Jersey]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality =
|ethnicity =
|field = [[Ilmu komputer]]
|work_institutions = [[Lucent Technologies]]<br />[[Bell Labs]]
|alma_mater = [[Harvard University]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[ALTRAN]]<br />[[bahasa pemrograman B|B]]<br />[[BCPL]]<br />[[bahasa pemrograman C|C]]<br />[[Multics]]<br />[[Unix]]
|prizes = [[Turing Award]]<br />[[National Medal of Technology]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie''' ({{lahirmati||9|9|1941||12|10|2011}})<ref name=NYTimes>{{cite web |author = Steve Lohr |title = Dennis Ritchie, Programming Trailblazer, Dies at 70 |publisher = The New York Times |date = 12 October 2011 |url = http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/technology/dennis-ritchie-programming-trailblazer-dies-at-70.html?hp |accessdate = 17 October 2011}}</ref><ref name=BBC>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15287391|title=Unix creator Dennis Ritchie dies aged 70|date=2011-10-13|accessdate=2011-10-13|publisher=BBC News }}</ref><ref name=RobPike>{{cite web |author = Rob Pike |title = (untitled post to Google+) |url = https://plus.google.com/u/0/101960720994009339267/posts/ENuEDDYfvKP?hl=en#101960720994009339267/posts/ENuEDDYfvKP |date = 12 October 2011 |accessdate = 17 October 2011}}</ref> adalah seorang [[Ilmu komputer|ilmuwan komputer]] yang dikenal atas sumbangsihnya membuat [[bahasa pemrograman]] [[bahasa pemrograman C|C]] dan berbagai [[sistem operasi]] seperti [[Multics]] dan [[Unix]]. Ritchie menerima penghargaan [[Turing Award]] pada tahun 1983 dan National Medal of Technology 1998 pada 21 April 1999. Ia menjabat sebagai kepala Departemen Riset [[Perangkat lunak sistem|Perangkat lunak Sistem]] di [[Lucent Technologies]] saat pensiun pada tahun 2007.
== Latar belakang ==
Ritchie lahir di [[Bronxville, New York|Bronxville]], [[New York]]. Pendidikan sarjana diraihnya dari [[Harvard]] di bidang [[fisika]] dan [[matematika terapan]]. Pada tahun [[1967]], Ritchie mulai bekerja di [[Bell Labs|Bell Labs' Computing Sciences Research Center]], kemudian di [[Lucent Technologies]] hingga ia pensiun pada tahun 2007. Pada tahun 1968, Ritchie mendapatkan gelar doktor Ph.D. dari Harvard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=155881 |title=Dennis M. Ritchie |publisher=Mathematics Genealogy Project}}</ref> Ritchie (bersama [[Ken Thompson]]) menerima penghargaan [[Turing Award]] pada tahun 1983 dan National Medal of Technology 1998 pada 21 April 1999. Pada tahun 1988, Ritchie terpilih menjadi anggota [[National Academy of Engineering]] atas jasanya dalam "development of the 'C' programming language and for co-development of the UNIX operating system."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.members.nae.edu/nae/naepub.nsf/Members+By+UNID/E1D7128BC73E8C0E8625755200622B73?opendocument |title=National Academy of Engineering : Members Directory – Dr. Dennis M. Ritchie }}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Bahasa C dan Unix ==
Ritchie dikenal sebagai pembuat [[bahasa pemrograman]] [[bahasa pemrograman C|C]], pengembang utama [[sistem operasi]], dan sebagai salah satu dari penulis (bersama [[Brian Kernighan]]) buku "kamus bahasa C," ''The C Programming Language''.
Penemuan bahasa C dan pengembangan [[Unix]] menjadikan Ricthie dan [[Ken Thompson]] sebagai pionir utama dunia komputasi modern. Bahasa C hingga kini masih digunakan secara luas dalam program aplikasi, sistem operasi, pengembangan [[sistem benam]], dan pengaruhnya dalam bahasa pemrograman modern lain. Sedangkan Unix juga telah memberikan pengaruh besar, membangun konsep dan prinsip dalam dunia komputasi masa kini.
== Penghargaan ==
[[Berkas:Dennis_Ritchie_(right)_Receiving_Japan_Prize.jpeg|jmpl|150px|Ritchie (kanan) menerima penghagaan Japan Prize for Information and Communications pada tahun 2011 di kantor pusat [[Bell Labs]], [[Murray Hill]], [[New Jersey]].]]
=== Turing Award ===
Pada tahun 1983, Ritchie bersama [[Ken Thompson]] menerima penghargaan [[Turing Award]]<cite> atas jasa mereka dalam pengembangan teori sistem operasi dan khususnya atas implementasi sistem operasi Unix.</cite> Pada kesempatan tersebut, Ritchie memberikan kuliah yang berjudul "Reflections on Software Research".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://awards.acm.org/images/awards/140/articles/2898606.pdf |format=PDF |title=Reflections on Software Research |accessdate=2011-10-14 |archive-date=2012-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504095900/http://awards.acm.org/images/awards/140/articles/2898606.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
=== IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal ===
Pada tahun 1990, Ritchi dan Ken Thompson menerima [[IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal]] dari [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE), "sebagai penggagas sistem operasi UNIX dan bahasa pemrograman C".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/hamming_rl.pdf |title=IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal Recipients |publisher=[[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]] |accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref>
=== National Medal of Technology ===
Pada 21 April 1992, Ritchie dan Ken Thompson menerima [[National Medal of Technology]] 1998 dari Presiden [[Bill Clinton]] atas jasa mereka dalam menemukan sistem operasi UNIX dan bahasa pemrograman C yang telah menyebabkan pengaruh besar bagi perangkat keras komputer, perangkat lunak, dan sistem jaringan serta merangsang pertumbuhan industri sehingga membawa Amerika memimpin di Era Informasi.<ref name="NationalMedalAnnouncement">{{cite web |url=http://www.bell-labs.com/news/1998/december/9/1.html |title=Ritchie and Thompson [to] Get National Medal of Technology - Bell Labs pre-announcement |publisher=Bell Labs press release |access-date=2011-10-14 |archive-date=2006-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060327052807/http://www.bell-labs.com/news/1998/december/9/1.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="NationalMedalPressRelease">{{cite web |url=http://www.bell-labs.com/news/1999/april/28/1.html |title=Ritchie and Thompson Receive National Medal of Technology from President Clinton |publisher=Bell Labs press release |access-date=2006-03-05 |archive-date=2003-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011075017/http://www.bell-labs.com/news/1999/april/28/1.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
=== Japan Prize ===
Pada tahun 2011, Dennis Ritchie bersama [[Ken Thompson]] menerima penghargaan Japan Prize for Information and Communications atas jasa mereka sebagai pionir dalam pengembangan sistem operasi UNIX.<ref>{{cite web |first=Evangelista |last=Benny |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/01/24/BUTI1HDJSA.DTL#ixzz1C5LtXdf3 |title=Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie win Japan Prize |publisher=San Francisco Chronicle |date=25 January 2011 |accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref>
== Kematian ==
Dennis Ritchie ditemukan meninggal dunia pada 12 Oktober 2011 dalam usia 70 tahun, di rumah yang ditinggalinya sendiri, di [[Berkeley Heights]], [[New Jersey]].<ref name=NYTimes/> Berita kematiannya diketahui pertama kali dari seorang mantan koleganya, Rob Pike.<ref name=BBC/><ref name=RobPike/> Penyebab dan waktu kematian belum diketahui secara pasti.<ref>{{cite news|author = Associated Press|title = Summary Box: Dennis Ritchie, pioneer in computer programming at Bell Labs, dies at 70|publisher = The Washington Post|date = 13 October 2011|url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/summary-box-dennis-ritchie-pioneer-in-computer-programming-at-bell-labs-dies-at-70/2011/10/13/gIQAFKC7hL_story.html|accessdate = 17 October 2011|archive-date = 2018-12-24|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224065622/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/summary-box-dennis-ritchie-pioneer-in-computer-programming-at-bell-labs-dies-at-70/2011/10/13/gIQAFKC7hL_story.html|dead-url = yes}}</ref> Ritchie diketahui berada dalam kondisi kesehatan yang lemah sejak beberapa tahun lalu setelah menjalani pengobatan kanker prostat dan penyakit jantung.<ref name=NYTimes/><ref name=BBC/><ref>{{cite web|last=Gallagher|first=Sean|title=Dennis Ritchie, Father of C and Co-Developer of Unix, Dies|url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2011/10/dennis-ritchie/|accessdate=14 October 2011|date=13 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Binstock|first=Andrew|title=Dennis Ritchie, in Memoriam|url=http://drdobbs.com/cpp/231900742?cid=DDJ_nl_upd_2011-10-13_h|work=Dr. Dobb's Journal|publisher=Dr. Dobb's Journal|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref> Kematiannya hanya berselang satu minggu setelah kematian [[Steve Jobs]], namun tidak terlalu banyak menjadi topik pemberitaan media massa.<ref name=Humphrey>{{cite news|author=Michael Humphrey|title=The Inevitable Steve Jobs vs. Dennis Ritchie Discussion|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelhumphrey/2011/10/14/the-inevitable-steve-jobs-vs-dennis-ritchie-discussion/|accessdate=14 October 2011|publisher=Forbes|date=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name=Mearian>{{cite news|author=Lucas Mearian|title=Dennis Ritchie and Steve Jobs -- quite the juxtaposition|url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/19097/dennis_ritchie_and_steve_jobs_quite_the_juxtaposition|accessdate=14 October 2011|publisher=Computer World|date=October 13, 2011|archive-date=2012-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517163955/http://blogs.computerworld.com/19097/dennis_ritchie_and_steve_jobs_quite_the_juxtaposition|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Seorang ahli sejarah komputer, Paul Ceruzzi mengatakan pengaruh keduanya dalam perkembangan dunia teknologi komputer adalah sebanding.<ref>{{cite news|author=Emily Langer|title=Dennis Ritchie, founder of Unix and C, dies at 70|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/dennis-ritchie-founder-of-unix-and-c-dies-at-70/2011/10/13/gIQAXsVXiL_story.html|accessdate=16 October 2011|publisher=Washington Post|date=14 October 2011}}</ref>
== Tulisan Ritchie ==
* ''[[The C Programming Language (book)|The C Programming Language]]'' ([[1978]] bersama [[Brian Kernighan]] lihat [[K&R]])
* ''[[Unix Programmer's Manual]]'' ([[1971]])
Baris 21 ⟶ 57:
== Kutipan ==
* "Usenet is a strange place."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c/browse_frm/thread/d024a2f831f81e2c/465ede5dc776f39d?lnk=st&q=dmr+group%3Acomp.lang.c&rnum=4&hl=en#465ede5dc776f39d
|title = Google Groups : comp.lang.c|date=2006-08-23}}</ref>
* "UNIX is very simple, it just needs a genius to understand its simplicity."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/d/dennis_ritchie.html|title=Brainy Quote.com}}</ref>
* "C is quirky, flawed, and an enormous success."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/chist.html|title=The Development of the C Language|access-date=2011-10-14|archive-date=2013-06-22|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HZA6qfVb?url=http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/chist.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/who/dmr/ Dennis Ritchie's home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330091145/http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/who/dmr/ |date=2013-03-30 }}
* [http://Unix.se/article/articleview/950/1/24 Unix.se DMR interview published February 7. 2003]
* [http://www.bell-labs.com/news/1999/april/28/1.html Ritchie and Thompson Receive National Medal of Technology from President Clinton] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011075017/http://www.bell-labs.com/news/1999/april/28/1.html |date=2003-10-11 }}
* [http://www.itworld.com/Comp/3380/lw-12-ritchie/ ''The future according to Dennis Ritchie'' - LinuxWorld.com 12/4/00]
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