Ekonomi Rusia: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3 |
k Moskwa ke Moskow (via JWB) |
||
Baris 3:
|image = Moscow-city-MIBC.jpg
|image_size = 300
|caption = [[Pusat Bisnis Internasional
|currency = [[Rubel Rusia]] (RUB)
|year = tahun kalender
Baris 49:
Rusia memiliki [[Industri pertahananRusia|industri senjata]] yang besar dan canggih, mereka memiliki kemampuan mendesain dan manufaktur peralatan militer teknologi tinggi, termasuk [[Sukhoi PAK FA|jet tempur generasi kelima]], [[kapal selam nuklir]], [[senjata api]], dan [[misil balistik|misil balistik jarak dekat/jauh]]. Nilai ekspor senjata Rusia mencapai $15.7 miliar tahun 2013-urutan kedua di belakang Amerika Serikat. Top military exports from Russia include combat aircraft, air defence systems, ships and submarines.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/07/us-russia-arms-idUSKBN0FC10X20140707 |publisher= Reuters |title= Putin says Russia must boost arms exports: RIA news agency |date= 7 July 2014 |accessdate= 21 July 2014 |archive-date= 2014-07-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140727215718/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/07/us-russia-arms-idUSKBN0FC10X20140707 |dead-url= yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://trbd.org/2014/07/07/arms-exports-thrive-military-revamp/ |work= The Russian Business Digest |title= Arms Exports Thrive Amid Military Revamp |date= 7 July 2014 |accessdate= 21 July 2014 |archive-date= 2015-04-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125207/http://trbd.org/2014/07/07/arms-exports-thrive-military-revamp/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref>
Pada tahun 2015, ekonomi Rusia berada pada urutan [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (PPP)|keenam terbesar]] di dunia menurut [[Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja|KKB]] dan ke-12 terbesar menurut nilai tukar pasar. Antara tahun 2000 dan 2012, ekspor energi Rusia meningkatkan [[standar hidup]] sedemikian cepat, dan [[pendapatan bersih]] naik hingga 160%.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b13_13/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d1/06-05.htm |script-title= ru:ДИНАМИКА РЕАЛЬНЫХ ДОХОДОВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ |language= russian |publisher= Rosstat |accessdate= 21 July 2014 |archive-date= 2021-01-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210113160837/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b13_13/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d1/06-05.htm |dead-url= yes }}</ref> Dalam dolar AS, nilai pendapatan bersih ini naik 7 kali lipat bila dibandingkan tahun 2000.<ref name="KPMG">{{cite web|url= https://www.kpmg.com/NL/nl/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/PDF/High-Growth-Markets/Investing-in-Russia1.pdf |title= Investing in Russia |publisher= [[KPMG]] |date= April 2013|accessdate= 21 July 2014}}</ref> Dalam periode yang sama, tingkat pengangguran dan kemisikinan berkurang setengah, dan kepuasan penduduk juga meningkat signifikan.<ref name="challenges_p12">{{cite book|editors=Anders Åslund, Sergei Guriev, Andrew C. Kuchins|title=Russia After the Global Economic Crisis|url=https://archive.org/details/russiaaftergloba00aslu|chapter=Challenges Facing the Russian Economy after the Crisis|last1=Guriev|first1=Sergei|last2=Tsyvinski|first2=Aleh|publisher=Peterson Institute for International Economics; Centre for Strategic and International Studies; New Economic School|year=2010|isbn=9780881324976|pages=[https://archive.org/details/russiaaftergloba00aslu/page/12 12]–13}}</ref> Pertumbuhan ini merupakan akibat dari [[lonjakan komoditas 2000-an]], tingginya harga minyak, ekonomi yang cermat dan kebijakan fiskal.<ref name="Putin 2007">''Putin: Russia's Choice'', (Routledge 2007), by [[Richard Sakwa]], Chapter 9</ref> Namun, pertumbuhan ini tidak terdistribusi merata. 110 orang terkaya menguasai 35% dari seluruh total [[aset keuangan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Global Wealth Report 2013 - Pg. 53|url=https://publications.credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/?fileID=BCDB1364-A105-0560-1332EC9100FF5C83|publisher=Credit Suisse|accessdate=13 April 2015|archive-date=2015-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214155424/https://publications.credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/?fileID=BCDB1364-A105-0560-1332EC9100FF5C83|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/09/russia-wealth-inequality_n_4070455.html |work= [[Huffington Post]]| title= Russia's Wealth Inequality One Of Highest In The World | date= 9 October 2013| accessdate= 21 July 2014}}</ref> Pemerintah yang buruk juga menandakan bahwa negara ini mengalami arus keluar uang haram terbesar kedua di dunia, dengan jumlah sekitar 880 miliar dolar antara tahun 2002-2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://gfintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Illicit_Financial_Flows_from_Developing_Countries_2002-2011-HighRes.pdf | title= Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries: 2002-2011 | publisher= Global Financial Integrity | date= 2013 | accessdate= 2014-12-05}}</ref> Sejak 2008 [[Forbes]] telah berulang kali menyebut [[
Ekonomi Rusia riskan menuju resesi sejak awal 2014 - utamanya akibat jatuhnya [[harga minyak]], [[intervensi militer Rusia di Ukraina 2014]] dan [[pelarian modal]].<ref name="Mark Adomanis">{{cite news|url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/markadomanis/2014/05/01/according-to-the-imf-russias-economy-is-already-in-a-recession/|title= According To The IMF, Russia's Economy Is Already In A Recession|author= Mark Adomanis|date= 1 May 2014|work= Forbes|accessdate= 8 December 2014|archive-date= 2014-05-01|archive-url= https://archive.today/20140501184827/http://www.forbes.com/sites/markadomanis/2014/05/01/according-to-the-imf-russias-economy-is-already-in-a-recession/|dead-url= yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Tim Bowler|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/business-29643612|title=Falling oil prices: Who are the winners and losers?|work=BBC News|date=19 January 2015|accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref> Pertumbuhan GDP 2014 hanya sebesar 0.6%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b04_03/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d05/75.htm|script-title=ru:О состоянии внешней торговли в январе-феврале 2015 года|trans-title=On the state of foreign trade in January–February 2015|language=ru|work=gks.ru|accessdate=30 April 2015|archive-date=2015-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427143206/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b04_03/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d05/75.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada tahun 2015, ekonomi Rusia bahkan anjlok 3,7% dan diperkirakan akan lebih parah pada tahun 2016.<ref name="bloom1">{{cite web | url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-28/russia-s-economy-faces-long-term-decline | title=Russia's Great Downward Shift | publisher=Bloomberg | accessdate=28 January 2016 | author=Matlack , Carol}}</ref> [[Bank Dunia]] dan [[IMF]] mengestimasi bahwa ekonomi Rusia akan kembali bangkit pada tahun 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Bank Keeps 2015 Growth Projections for Russia, and Slightly Revises 2016-2017 Outlook|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/12/18/world-bank-keeps-2015-growth-projections-for-russia-and-slightly-revises-2016-2017-outlook|publisher=World Bank}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=World Economic Outlook|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/update/01/pdf/0116.pdf|publisher=International Monetary Fund|date=19 January 2016}}</ref>
| |||