Eropa: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Tabel Eropa}}[[Berkas:Location of Europe.svg|jmpl|350px|Peta dunia yang menunjukkan letak Eropa]]

 

 

== Sejarah ==

[[Kekaisaran Romawi]] membagi benua sepanjang [[Rhine]], dan [[Danube]] selama beberapa abad. Mengikuti penurunan Kekaisaran Romawi, Eropa mengalami kenaikan dari yang dikenal sebagai [[Zaman Migrasi]]. Periode tersebut dikenal sebagai [[Zaman Kegelapan]] sampai ke [[Renaisans]]. Pada masa ini, komunitas monastik terisolasi di [[Irlandia]], dan di beberapa tempat lain menjaga, dan mengumpulkan secara hati-hati pengetahuan tertulis yang telah dikumpulkan sebelumnya. [[Renaisans]] dan [[Monarki Baru]] menandakan mulainya periode penemuan, eksplorasi, dan peningkatan dalam pengetahuan ilmiah. Pada [[abad ke-15]] [[Portugal]] membuka awal penemuan, yang diikuti oleh [[Spanyol]]. Kemudian [[Prancis]], [[Belanda]], dan [[Britania Raya]] turut bergabung dalam membangun kekaisaran kolonial besar dengan daerah kekuasaan yang luas di [[Afrika]], [[Amerika]], dan [[Asia]].

 

 

[[Revolusi Industri]] dimulai di [[Britania Raya]] pada akhir [[abad ke-18]], yang menyebabkan pergeseran dari [[pertanian]], kemakmuran rakyat yang semakin bertambah, dan pertumbuhan penduduk. Banyak negara di Eropa menemukan bentuknya seperti yang sekarang ini pasca-[[Perang Dunia II]]. Sejak berakhirnya Perang Dunia II hingga [[Perang Dingin]], Eropa terbagi kepada dua blok politik, dan ekonomi utama: negara-negara [[komunis]] di [[Eropa Timur]], dan negara-negara [[kapitalisme|kapitalis]] di [[Eropa Barat]]. Sekitar tahun [[1989]], [[Blok Timur]] pecah bersamaan dengan jatuhnya [[Tembok Berlin]].

{{utama|Geografi Eropa}}

 

 

 

Hampir seluruh negara-negara Eropa adalah anggota dari [[Konsil Eropa]], dengan pengecualian [[Belarus]], dan [[Takhta Suci]] ([[Kota Vatikan]]).

* [[Estonia]]

* [[Finlandia]]

* [[Irlandia]]

* [[Islandia]]

* [[Jerman]]

* [[Kroasia]]

* [[Latvia]]

* [[Liechtenstein]]

* [[San Marino]]

* [[Serbia]]

* [[Slovenia]]

* [[Slowakia]]

* [[Yunani]]

|}

² Sebagian dari Azerbaijan, dan Georgia terletak di Eropa dengan dasar definisi batas antara Eropa, dan Asia, yaitu pucak [[Pegunungan Kaukasus]].{{br}}

³ Wilayah Kazakhstan di Eropa terdiri dari bagian barat [[Sungai Ural]], dan [[Sungai Emba|Emba]].{{br}}

* [[Eropa Tenggara]]

* [[Eropa Timur]]

 

== Keragaman hayati ==

<!-- The main natural vegetation cover in Europe is [[forest]]. The conditions for growth are very favourable. In the north, the [[Gulf Stream]] and [[North Atlantic Drift]] warm the continent. Southern Europe could be described as having a warm, but mild climate. There are frequent summer droughts in this region. Mountain ridges also affect the conditions. Some of these ([[Alps]], [[Pyrenees]]) are oriented east-west and allow the wind to carry large masses of water from the ocean in the interior. Others are oriented south-north ([[Scandinavian Mountains]], [[Dinaric Alps|Dinarides]], [[Carpathians]], [[Apennines]]) and because the rain falls primarily on the side of mountains that is oriented towards sea, forests grow well on this side, while on the other side, the conditions are much less favourable. Few corners of mainland Europe have not been grazed by [[livestock]] at some point in time, and the cutting down of the pre-agricultural forest habitat caused disruption to the original plant and animal ecosystems.-->

 

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In "mainland" Europe, [[deciduous]] forest prevails. The most important species are [[beech]], [[birch]] and [[oak]]. In the north, where [[taiga]] grows, a very common tree species is the [[birch]] tree. In the Mediterranean, many [[olive]] trees have been planted, which are very well adapted to its arid climate. Another common species in Southern Europe is the [[cypress]]. [[Coniferous]] forests prevail at higher altitudes up to the forest boundary and as one moves north within Russia and Scandinavia, giving way to [[tundra]] as the Arctic is approached. The semi-arid Mediterranean region hosts much scrub forest. A narrow east-west tongue of Eurasian [[grassland]]—the [[steppe]]—extends eastwards from Ukraine and southern Russia and ends in Hungary and traverses into taiga to the north.

 

== Pranala luar ==

{{commons|Europe}}

* {{en}} [http://europe.zoom-maps.com/ Peta Eropa]

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