Formosa Belanda: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 1:
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name = ''PemerintahRegering van Formosa''<br>荷蘭屬福爾摩沙
|conventional_long_name = Pemerintah Formosa
|common_name = Formosa
Baris 16:
|year_end = 1662
|date_end = 1 Februari 1662
|p1 = PrasejarahFormosa TaiwanSpanyol
|flag_p2flag_p1 = Flag of New Spain.svg
|s1 = Kerajaan Tungning
|flag_s1 = Flag of Ming Cheng.svg
Baris 24:
|image_map = Dutch and Spanish Taiwan.png
|image_map_caption = Lokasi Formosa Belanda (magenta), [[Kerajaan Middag]] (oranye), dan [[Formosa Spanyol|Kepunyaan Spanyol]] (hijau) di Taiwan, sebuah peta tumpang-tindih dari pulau saat ini.
|common_languages = [[bahasa Belanda|Belanda]], [[rumpun bahasa Formosa|bahasa Formosa]], [[Hokkian|Hokkien]]
|government_type = Koloni
|capital = [[Kastil Kuno Anping|Zeelandia]] (Anping, Tainan saat ini)
Baris 37:
|representative2 = Frederick Coyett
|year_representative2 = 1656–1662
|event1 = [[Pengepungan Benteng Zeelandia|Pengepungan Fort Zeelandia]]
|date_event1 = 1661–1662
}}
Baris 43:
{{Sejarah Taiwan}}
 
Pulau [[Taiwan]], secara historis dikenal sebagai Formosa, berada di bawah kekuasaan [[koloni|kolonial]]al [[Belanda]] dari tahun 1624 sampai 1662. Dalam konteks [[Zaman Penjelajahan]], [[Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie|Perusahaan Hindia Timur Belanda]] menunjukkan kehadirannya di Taiwan untuk berdagang dengan [[Dinasti Ming|Kekaisaran Ming]] dan [[Jepang]], dan juga menghalangi perdagangan [[Kerajaan PortugisPortugal|Portugis]] dan [[Kerajaan Spanyol|Spanyol]] and aktivitas kolonial di [[Asia Timur]].
 
Pada masa pemerintahan Belanda, terlihat perkembangan ekonomi di Taiwan, termasuk perburuan [[rusa]] berskala besar dan budidaya [[padi]] dan [[tebu]] dengan mendatangkan tenaga kerja [[suku Han|bangsa Han]] dari Kekaisaran Ming. Belanda juga berusaha untuk mengubah agama [[penduduk asli Taiwan]] menjadi [[Kekristenan|Kristiani]], dan menekan aspek budaya tradisional yang mereka temukan tidak dapat diperkenankan, seperti [[pemburuan kepala]], [[aborsi paksa]] dan [[ketelanjangan]] publik.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hsu |first=Mutsu |year=1991 |title=Culture, Self and Adaptation: The Psychological Anthropology of Two Malayo-Polynesian Groups in Taiwan |publisher=Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica |place=Taipei, Taiwan |isbn=9789579046794 |oclc=555680313 |ol=1328279M}}</ref>
 
Belanda tidak sepenuhnya disambut dan pemberontakan yang dilakukan baik oleh penduduk asli dan orang Han yang datang belakangan ditumpas oleh militer Belanda lebih dari satu kesempatan. Masa kolonial selama 37 tahun itu diakhiri dengan invasi oleh tentara [[Koxinga]] pada tahun 1667.
 
== Sejarah ==
=== Latar belakang ===
[[FileBerkas:Dutch-pescadores.png|thumbjmpl|350px250px|Peta [[Kepulauan Pescadores|Pescadores]] buatan Belanda dari sekitar tahun 1726.]]
Pada awal abad ke-17, pasukan Katolik dari Spanyol dan [[Kerajaan PortugisPortugal|Portugis]] beroposisi dengan mereka dari [[Belanda]] dan [[Kerajaan Inggris|Inggris]], yang sebagian besar beragama Protestan, sering mengakibatkan perang terbuka di Eropa dan penguasaan mereka di Asia. Belanda pertama mencoba berdagang dengan Tiongkok pada tahun 1601{{sfnb|Ts'ao|2006|p=28}} namun ditolak oleh otoritas Tiongkok, yang sudah terlibat dalam perdagangan dengan Portugis di [[Makau PortugisPortugal|Macau]] dari tahun 1535.
 
Dalam sebuah ekspedisi tahun 1604 dari [[Batavia, Hindia Timur Belanda|Batavia]] (basis utama Belanda di Asia), Laksamana van Warwijk berangkat untuk menyerang Makau, namun pasukannya dihadang oleh sebuah [[siklon tropis|topan]], mendorong mereka ke [[Kepulauan Pescadores|Pescadores]] (sekarang dikenal sebagai [[Kabupaten Penghu|Penghu]]), sebuah gugusan pulau {{convert|30|mi|km|sigfig=1}} di sebelah barat Formosa (Taiwan). Sesampainya di sana, laksamana tersebut berusaha untuk menegosiasikan syarat perdagangan dengan Tiongkok daratan, tetapi diminta untuk membayar biaya selangit untuk hak istimewa wawancara. Dikelilingi oleh armada Tiongkok yang jauh lebih unggul, dia pergi tanpa mencapai tujuan apa pun tujuannya.{{sfnb|Davidson|1903|p=10}}
 
Perusahaan Hindia Belanda Timur mencoba untuk menggunakan kekuatan militer untuk membuat Tiongkok membuka pelabuhan di Fujian untuk perdagangan dan menuntut Tiongkok mengusir Portugis, yang bertempur dengan Belanda dalam [[Perang Belanda-Portugal|Perang Belanda-Portugis]], dari Makau.
Belanda menyerang pengapalan Tiongkok setelah tahun 1618 dan mengambil sandera rongsokan dalam sebuah upaya gagal untuk memaksa Tiongkok memenuhi tuntutan mereka.{{sfnb|Cooper|1979|p=658}}{{sfnb|Freeman|2003|p=132}}{{sfnb|Thomson|1996|p=39}}
 
Pada tahun 1622, setelah [[Pertempuran Makau|serangan Belanda terhadap Makau]] lainnya yang tidak berhasil, ([[pos perdagangan]] [[Portugal]] dari tahun 1557), armada tersebut berlayar ke Pescadores, kali ini dengan sengaja, dan melanjutkan untuk mendirikan sebuah pangkalan di [[Makung]].
==Referensi==
 
== Catatan ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Referensi ==
{{Refbegin |colwidth=60em}}
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{{refend}}
 
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
* {{cite journal |last=Andrade |first=Tonio |year=2006 |title=The Rise and Fall of Dutch Taiwan, 1624–1662: Cooperative Colonization and the Statist Model of European Expansion |journal=[[Journal of World History]] |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=429–450 |doi=10.1353/jwh.2006.0052 }}
* {{cite book|last=Valentijn|first=François|authorlink=François Valentijn|url=https://archive.org/details/oudennieuwoostin01vale|title=Oud en nieuw Oost-Indiën|location=Dordrecht|publisher=J. van Braam|year=1724–26|language=Dutch |ol = 25412097M}}
* {{cite book|last=Wills|first=John E. Jr.|year=2005|title=Pepper, Guns, and Parleys: The Dutch East India Company and China, 1622–1681|publisher=Figueroa Press|isbn=978-1-932800-08-1|oclc=64281732}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Dutch Formosa}}
* [http://www.npm.gov.tw/exhbition/formosa/english/index.htm Formosa in 17th century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611162520/http://www.npm.gov.tw/exhbition/formosa/english/index.htm |date=2020-06-11 }}
* [http://www.taiwanus.net/history/1/66.htm Dutch Governor of Taiwan (Mandarin)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080716123818/http://www.taiwanus.net/history/1/66.htm |date=2008-07-16 }}
* [http://www.taiwandocuments.org/koxinga.htm Text of the Peace Treaty of 1662] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010128234400/http://www.taiwandocuments.org/koxinga.htm |date=2001-01-28 }}
* [http://www.tshs.tpc.gov.tw/dutchexhibition/ Exhibition on Dutch period of Taiwan in Tamsui] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212022327/http://www.tshs.tpc.gov.tw/dutchexhibition/ |date=2007-02-12 }}
 
{{Formosa Belanda}}
{{Koloni Belanda}}
 
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