Garda Timur: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Gardu Timur''' ({{Lang-zh|first=t|t=東廠|s=东厂|p=Dōng Chǎng|w=Tung Ch'ang}}) adalah badan mata-mata dan [[polisi rahasia]] [[Dinasti Ming]] yang beranggotakan [[Orang kasim|orang-orang kasim]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shih-shan Henry Tsai|year=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ka6jNJcX_ygC|title=The eunuchs in the Ming dynasty|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=0-7914-2687-4|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref> yang didirikan oleh [[Yongle|Kaisar Yongle]].<ref>''[[Sejarah Cambridge Tiongkok|The Cambridge History of China]], Vol 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1'' (edited by Frederick W. Mote and Twitchett), February 1988. {{ISBN|978-0-521-24332-2}}.</ref>