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Baris 2:
{{Infobox earthquake
|title = {{ubl|Gempa bumi dan tsunami|Aceh 2004}}
| image = {{Photomontagemultiple image
| caption_align = center
| photo1a = Coast of Banda Aceh 2-12-05 050212-N-1450G-012.jpg
| border = infobox
| photo2a = US Navy 050101-N-1229B-261 Aerial view of devastation surrounding the city of Banda Aceh, viewed from an SH-60F Seahawk helicopter assigned to Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Two (HS-2) Golden Falcons.jpg▼
| total_width = 300
| photo2b = US Navy 050114-N-6817C-233 The people of Banda Aceh, Sumatra, continue to rebuild their lives following the devastating tsunami which destroyed most of the homes in the region.jpg▼
| perrow = 1/3/2/2
| photo3a = US Navy 050101-N-1229B-243 An aerial view of the countryside south of Banda Ache, Sumatra, viewed from an SH-60F Seahawk helicopter assigned to Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Two (HS-2) Golden Falcons.jpg
| photo3bimage1 = TsunamiCoast 2004of aftermath.Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 2005. Photo2-12-05 AusAID (10730592474)050212-N-1450G-012.jpg
| photo4aimage2 = US Navy 050106050101-N-9593M1229B-133261 An aerialAerial view of devastation surrounding the villagecity of BanTuanBanda Aceh, southviewed offrom Bandaan AcehSH-60F inSeahawk Sumatra,helicopter assigned to Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Two (HS-2) Golden IndonesiaFalcons.jpg
▲ | photo2bimage3 = US Navy 050114-N-6817C-233 The people of Banda Aceh, Sumatra, continue to rebuild their lives following the devastating tsunami which destroyed most of the homes in the region.jpg
▲ | photo2aimage4 = US Navy 050101-N-1229B-261243 AerialAn aerial view of devastation surrounding the citycountryside south of Banda AcehAche, Sumatra, viewed from an SH-60F Seahawk helicopter assigned to Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Two (HS-2) Golden Falcons.jpg
| image5 = Tsunami 2004 aftermath. Aceh, Indonesia, 2005. Photo- AusAID (10730592474).jpg
| image6 = US Navy 050106-N-9593M-133 An aerial view of the village of BanTuan, south of Banda Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia.jpg
| position = center
| color_border = white
Baris 23 ⟶ 27:
|depth = {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}}
|duration= 10 menit<ref>{{cite web|title=What Happened During the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake|url=http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/highlights/sumatra/what.html#:~:text=The%20whole%20rupture%20lasted%20about,miles)%20and%20lasted%2015%20seconds.&text=The%20portion%20of%20the%20fault,miles)%20below%20the%20ocean%20floor.|access-date=7 Juni 2023|archive-date=2023-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531105101/http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/highlights/sumatra/what.html#:~:text=The%20whole%20rupture%20lasted%20about,miles)%20and%20lasted%2015%20seconds.&text=The%20portion%20of%20the%20fault,miles)%20below%20the%20ocean%20floor.|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|damage = [[USD|US$]]2,914 miliar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianoceantsunami.web.unc.edu/the-economical-impacts-and-aspects-of-the-2004-indian-ocean-tsunmai-on-indonesia/|title=Indian Ocean Tsunami – Economic Aspects|website=indianoceantsunami.web.unc.edu|access-date=2017-12-25|archive-date=2019-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418132913/http://indianoceantsunami.web.unc.edu/the-economical-impacts-and-aspects-of-the-2004-indian-ocean-tsunmai-on-indonesia/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|location = {{Coord|3.316|N|95.854|E|type:event_scale:50000000|display=inline,title}}
|type = [[Gempa bumi berdorongan besar|Megathrust]]
Baris 29 ⟶ 33:
|tsunami = {{convert|15|to|30|m|ft|sigfig=1}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Astonishing Wave Heights Among the Findings of an International Tsunami Survey Team on Sumatra|url=http://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2005/03/|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|accessdate=16 June 2016|archive-date=2016-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827064707/http://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2005/03/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="Paris" /> dengan tinggi maksimal 51 m (167,3 kaki) di Lhoknga.<ref name="geomorphologie.revues.org">{{cite journal|url=https://geomorphologie.revues.org/7865?lang=en|last1=Paris|first1=Raphaël|last2=Cachão|first2=Mário|last3=Fournier|first3=Jérôme|last4=Voldoire|first4=Olivier|title=Nannoliths abundance and distribution in tsunami deposits: example from the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (northwest Sumatra, Indonesia)|journal=Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement|date=1 April 2010|volume=16|issue=1|pages=109–118|doi=10.4000/geomorphologie.7865|access-date=2017-12-25|archive-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010152116/https://geomorphologie.revues.org/7865?lang=en|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| intensity = {{MMI|IX}}
|PGA = 0.71 g<br>(Data dari [[USGSPercepatan tanah puncak|''g'']])
|magnitude = 9.1–9.3 [[Skala kekuatan Moment|M<sub>w</sub>]]
|affected = [[Indonesia]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], [[Thailand]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Maladewa]], [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Madagaskar]], [[Somalia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Seychelles]], [[Afrika Selatan]], [[Yaman]]
Baris 38 ⟶ 42:
'''Gempa bumi dan tsunami Samudra Hindia 2004''' atau lebih dikenal sebagai ('''Gempa bumi dan tsunami Aceh''') terjadi pada pukul 07:58:53 [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] hari Minggu, 26 Desember 2004. [[Episentrum]]nya terletak di lepas pantai barat [[Sumatera Utara|Sumatra]], Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-22|title=Situs Wisata Tsunami Aceh, Bukti Bencana Dahsyat 19 Tahun Silam - Acehkini.ID|url=https://acehkini.id/situs-wisata-tsunami-aceh-bukti-bencana-dahsyat-19-tahun-silam/|language=id|access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref> Guncangan [[gempa bumi]] tersebut berskala 9.1–9.3 dalam [[Skala kekuatan moment|Skala kekuatan momen]] dan IX (''Hebat'') dalam [[Skala intensitas Mercalli]]. [[Gempa bumi berdorongan besar|Gempa bumi Megathrust]] gempa bumi bawah laut terjadi ketika [[Lempeng Hindia]] [[subduksi|didorong ke bawah]] oleh [[Lempeng Burma]]. Gelombang [[tsunami]] ini menewaskan sekitar 227.898 orang di 14 negara, [[Indonesia]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], [[Thailand]], [[Somalia]], dan [[Maladewa]] adalah negara paling parah terkena dampaknya.
 
Gempa ini merupakan gempa bumi terkuat yang pernah tercatat di [[Asia]], dan gempa bumi terkuat pada abad ke-21, dan [[Daftar gempa bumi terkuat sepanjang sejarah|gempa bumi terkuat ketiga yang pernah tercatat di dunia]] sejak tahun 1900, setelah [[Gempa bumi Valdivia 1960]] dan [[Gempa bumi Alaska 1964]]. Gempa ini merupakan patahan patahan terpanjang, dengan panjang antara 1.200 km hingga 1.300 km (720 mil hingga 780 mil), dan memiliki durasi guncangan terlama yang pernah diamati, setidaknya 10 menit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104179|title=Analysis of the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Reveals Longest Fault Rupture Ever|date=19 May 2005|publisher=National Science Foundation|accessdate=15 December 2016|archive-date=2023-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730034333/https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104179|dead-url=no}}</ref> Gempa ini menyebabkan seluruh planet Bumi bergetar {{convert|1|cm|in|1|abbr=off}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Walton|first=Marsha|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/science/05/19/sumatra.quake/index.html|title=Scientists: Sumatra quake longest ever recorded|work=[[CNN]]|date=20 May 2005|accessdate=15 December 2016|archive-date=2012-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214073430/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/science/05/19/sumatra.quake/index.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan memicu aktivitas gempa di berbagai wilayah, termasuk [[Alaska]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=West|first1=Michael|last2=Sanches|first2=John J.|last3=McNutt|first3=Stephen R.|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/308/5725/1144|title=Periodically Triggered Seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, After the Sumatra Earthquake|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|date=20 May 2005|volume=308|issue=5725|pages=1144–1146|doi=10.1126/science.1112462|access-date=2013-12-26|archive-date=2008-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621095747/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/308/5725/1144|dead-url=no}}</ref> Episentrumnya terletak antara Pulau [[Simeulue]] dan [[Sumatra]].<ref name="Archived">{{cite journal|last1=Nalbant |first1=Suleyman S. |last2=Steacy |first2=Sandy |last3=Sieh |first3=Kerry |last4=Natawidjaja |first4=Danny |last5=McCloskey |first5=John |title=Seismology: Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |date=9 June 2005 |volume=435 |issue=7043 |pages=756–757 |doi=10.1038/nature435756a |url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P05b.pdf |accessdate=16 May 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5gsK7TQaG?url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P05b.pdf |archivedate=19 May 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Penderitaan masyarakat dan negara terdampak mendorong berbagai negara untuk memberi bantuan kemanusiaan.
 
Masyarakat Internasional secara keseluruhan menyumbangkan lebih dari US$14 miliar (2004) dalam bentuk bantuan kemanusiaan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jayasuriya|first1=Sisira|last2=McCawley|first2=Peter|url=http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/Bookentry_Main.lasso?id=13668|title=The Asian Tsunami: Aid and Reconstruction after a Disaster|location=Cheltenham UK and Northampton MA USA|publisher=Edward Elgar|date=2010|isbn=978-1-84844-692-2|access-date=2013-12-26|archive-date=2011-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722005138/http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/Bookentry_Main.lasso?id=13668|dead-url=no}}</ref> Peristiwa ini dikenal di [[komunitas ilmiah|kalangan peneliti]] sebagai '''Gempa bumi Sumatra–Andaman'''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lay|first1=T.|last2=Kanamori|first2=H.|last3=Ammon|first3=C.|last4=Nettles|first4=M.|last5=Ward|first5=S.|last6=Aster|first6=R.|last7=Beck|first7=S.|last8=Bilek|first8=S.|last9=Brudzinski|first9=M.|last10=Butler|first10=R.|last11=DeShon|first11=H.|last12=Ekström|first12=G.|last13=Satake|first13=K.|last14=Sipkin|first14=S.|title=The Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2005-05-20_308_5725/page/1127|journal=Science|date=20 May 2005|volume=308|issue=5725|pages=1127–1133|doi=10.1126/science.1112250}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatraEQ/|title=Tsunamis and Earthquakes: Tsunami Generation from the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake&nbsp;— USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology|publisher=Walrus.wr.usgs.gov|accessdate=12 August 2010|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226114009/https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatraEQ/|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Tsunami]] yang terjadi sesudahnya mendapat berbagai julukan, termasuk '''Tsunami Samudra Hindia 2004''', '''Tsunami Asia Selatan''', '''Tsunami Aceh''', '''Tsunami Indonesia''', '''Tsunami Natal''', dan '''Tsunami [[Hari Boxing]]'''.
Baris 90 ⟶ 94:
|-
! 1
|{{flag|Chili}}, [[Valdivia,Region ChiliBiobío|ValdiviaBiobío]]
|1960
|9.4–9.6
Baris 378 ⟶ 382:
Indonesia adalah negara pertama yang terkena dampak serius akibat gempa bumi dan tsunami Samudera Hindia 2004. Hampir seluruh korban dan kerusakan terjadi di [[Provinsi Aceh]]. Waktu tiba tsunami sekitar 15 hingga 30 menit setelah gempa. Menurut [[Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana]], sekitar 130.000 orang tewas dan 37.063 orang hilang.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=13713552 |title=sify.com |access-date=2005-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209014109/http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=13713552 |archive-date=2008-02-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Selain itu, [[PBB]] memperkirakan 655.000 orang kehilangan tempat tinggal dan berlindung di kamp-kamp pengungsi yang tersebar di seluruh provinsi.
 
Di [[Banda Aceh]] ibukota provinsi, sekitar 60,000 orang tewas oleh tsunami, Lebih dari seribu jenazah ditemukan di jalan-jalan di ibu kota provinsi Banda Aceh, dan ditempatkan di kuburan massal tanpa menunggu identifikasi karena para pejabat dengan cepat berusaha menjaga agar situasi tidak memburuk.<ref>[http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/theworld/2005/January/theworld_January185.xml&section=theworld khaleejtimes.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312192916/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data%2Ftheworld%2F2005%2FJanuary%2Ftheworld_January185.xml&section=theworld |date=2007-03-12 }}</ref>
 
[[File:US Navy 050109-N-4166B-101 Indonesian Navy landing craft and a U.S. Navy Seahawk helicopter deliver relief supplies and evacuate Indonesian citizens in Tjalang, Sumatra, Indonesia.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Calang, Aceh Jaya]] setelah tsunami]]
Baris 386 ⟶ 390:
Di kota [[Meulaboh]] dengan populasi 120,000 jiwa (sebelum tsunami), gelombang tsunami setinggi 20 meter menewaskan sekitar 40.000 orang dan menghancurkan sebagian besar kota, menurut penyelenggara bantuan dan pejabat pemerintah setempat. Sekitar 50.000 orang kehilangan rumah mereka di wilayah tersebut, pegawai pemerintah daerah tampaknya kewalahan dan hanya ada sedikit tanda-tanda koordinasi dengan pemerintah daerah.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4145539.stm BBC]</ref>
 
[[Meulaboh]], merupakan salah satu kota yang paling parah terkena dampak tsunami. Gelombang tersebut terjadi setelah laut surut sekitar 500 m (1.600 kaki), diikuti oleh tsunami kecil yang mendekat. Gelombang destruktif kedua dan ketiga datang kemudian, melebihi ketinggian pohon kelapa. Para saksi mata yang selamat, menggambarkan arusnya sangat kotor, berwarna hitam pekat, dan berbau busuk. Jarak genangan sekitar 5 km (3,1 mil) ke daratan. Kota-kota lain di pantai barat Aceh yang terkena bencana termasuk [[Leupung, Aceh Besar]], Lhokruet, Lamno, Patek, [[Calang]], dan Teunom.
 
[[File:Aceh 2004 tsunami standing mosque USGS.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Masjid Baiturrahim Ulee Lheue]] di Banda Aceh selamat oleh tsunami]]
Baris 722 ⟶ 726:
== Budaya populer ==
===Film dan Televisi===
* ''Sayangi Aisyah'' sinetron [[Rapi Films]] di [[RCTI]] (2005)
* ''[[Senyumku Tangisku]]'' sinetron [[MD Entertainment]] [[Indonesia]] di [[Indosiar]] (2006)
* ''Children of Tsunami: No More Tears'' (film dokumenter)
Baris 729 ⟶ 734:
* ''[[Hafalan Shalat Delisa]]'' (2011) Film Drama Indonesia, dengan peristiwa tsunami
* ''[[The Impossible (film 2012)|The Impossible]]'' (2012) film Spanyol berdasarkan kisah nyata [[María Belón]] dan keluarganya.
 
== Galeri ==
===Indonesia===
<gallery widths=190px heights=140px>
File:Bodies in Banda Aceh after 2004 tsunami DD-SD-06-07373.JPEG|Mayat tergeletak di [[Banda Aceh]]
File:Street in downtown Banda Aceh after 2004 tsunami DD-SD-06-07372.JPEG|Ketinggian tsunami di Banda Aceh, dapat dilihat dari dinding sebuah bangunan
File:Tsunami 2004 aftermath. Aceh, Indonesia, 2005. Photo- AusAID (10730577284).jpg|Banda Aceh setelah tsunami, foto diambil pada Maret 2005
File:Tsunami aftermath. Aceh, Indonesia 2005. Photo- AusAID (10730639465).jpg|Sebuah Kapal tampak hanyut
File:US Navy 050102-N-9593M-031 A village near the coast of Sumatra lays in ruin after the Tsunami that struck South East Asia.jpg|Banda Aceh dari atas udara
File:USMC-050109-M-8664K-030.jpg|Kehancuran di [[Blangpidie, Aceh Barat Daya]]
File:US Navy 050114-N-6817C-092 The aftermath of the Dec. 26 tsunami which destroyed Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia.jpg|Kehancuran di Banda Aceh
File:US Navy 050116-F-4884R-026 Air crew aboard a Marine Corps CH-46E Sea Knight helicopter unload humanitarian aid and disaster relief supplies in a remote region on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.jpg|Kota [[Meulaboh]] dan [[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat]]
File:Tsunami 2004 aftermath. Aceh, Indonesia, 2005. Photo- AusAID (10730587576).jpg|Rumah di Banda Aceh pasca tsunami
File:US Navy 050113-N-8629M-098 Aviation Machinist's Mate 2nd Class Derek Barnum talks with an appreciative Indonesian men after dropping a load of humanitarian relief supplies for tsunami victims near the coastal regions of Indones.jpg|[[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat]] membagikan makanan para korban
</gallery>
 
===Sri Lanka===
<gallery widths=190px heights=140px>
File:2004 Sri Lanka Tsunami 10 (16398716455).jpg|Kehancuran di Hambantota
File:Deep Ocean Tsunami Waves off the Sri Lankan Coast.jpg|Citra satelit pesisir Sri Lanka, akibat tsunami
File:Tsunami disaster memorial plaque in Batticaloa.jpg|Monumen tsunami di Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
File:TsunamiSriLanka.jpg|Pesisir Sri Lanka, setelah tsunami
File:German Tsunami Relief Mission Team in Mullaitivu.jpg|Bantuan dari Misi Bantuan Jerman
</gallery>
 
===Thailand===
<gallery widths=190px heights=140px>
File:2004-tsunami balanced.jpg|Tsunami di Ao Nang, Thailand
File:Khao Lak Police Boat 813.jpg|Kapal polisi hanyut oleh tsunami, di Khao Lak
File:Patong Rubble.jpg|Kerusakan di Phuket
File:KhaoLak04.jpg|Rumah hancur, di Khao Lak
File:Speedboat on building Tsunami 2004 Thailand.jpg|Sebuah speedboat bertengger di atas Hotel, Khao Lak
File:Tsunami 2004 Ban Nam Kaem, Thailand Red Devid.jpg|Kapal hanyut di Ban Nam Kaem, Khao Lak
File:Tsunami Phi Phi Island.jpg|Kehancuran di [[Kepulauan Phi Phi]], Thailand
File:Tsunami Khao Lak 2004.jpg|Foto tsunami melanda Khao Lak
</gallery>
 
===India===
<gallery widths=190px heights=140px>
File:Damaged portions of Perka village in Car Nicobar.jpg|Kerusakan di [[Kepulauan Nikobar]], India
File:Viper Island After Tsunami 4140128.JPG|Pulau Andaman, setelah tsunami
File:Tsunami caused damages at Nagapattinam Port on January 1, 2005.jpg|Kerusakan di Nagapattinam, India
</gallery>
 
== Lihat pula ==
{{Portal|Bencana|India|Thailand|Indonesia|Sri Lanka|2000-an}}
* [[Museum Tsunami Aceh]]
* [[Gempa bumi Jawa Juli 2006]]
* [[Daftar gempa bumi di Indonesia]]
* [[Tsunami#Daftar gempatsunami bumidi palingIndonesia|Daftar tsunami di mematikanIndonesia]]
* [[Daftar bencana alam terdahsyat sepanjang sejarah]]
 
== Referensi ==
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Gempa_bumi_dan_tsunami_Samudra_Hindia_2004"