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Baris 2:
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|name = Gough Whitlam
| height = 194 cm<ref>{{cite web |title=Gough Whitlam |url=http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/Whitlam/fast-facts.aspx |website=primeministers.naa.gov.au |publisher=National Archives of Australia |accessdate=18 October 2019 |language=en |archive-date=2019-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010163038/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/Whitlam/fast-facts.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|AC|QC}}
|image = Whitlam1955Gough Whitlam - ACF - crop.jpg
|caption = Whitlam pada tahun 1973
|order = [[Perdana Menteri Australia]] ke-21<br /><small>Pemilu: [[Pemilihan umum federal Australia 1969|1969]], [[Pemilihan umum federal Australia 1972|1972]], [[Pemilihan umum federal Australia 1974|1974]], [[Pemilihan umum federal Australia 1975|1975]], [[Pemilihan umum federal Australia 1977|1977]]</small>
|order = [[Perdana Menteri Australia]] ke-21<br />
|term_start = 5 Desember 1972
|term_end = 11 November 1975
Baris 19 ⟶ 21:
|successor1 = [[Don Willesee]]
|office2 = [[Pemimpin Oposisi (Australia)|Pemimpin Oposisi]]
|primeminister2 = Malcolm Fraser
|deputy2 = [[Frank Crean]]<br>[[Tom Uren]]
|predecessor2 = [[Malcolm Fraser]]
Baris 24 ⟶ 27:
|term_start2 = 11 November 1975
|term_end2 = 22 Desember 1977
|primeminister3 = [[Harold Holt]]<br />[[John McEwen]]<br />[[John Gorton]]<br />William McMahon
|deputy3 = [[Lance Barnard]]
|predecessor3 = [[Arthur Calwell]]
|successor3 = [[Billy Snedden]]
Baris 32 ⟶ 36:
|term_start4 = 9 Februari 1967
|term_end4 = 22 Desember 1977
|deputy4 = [[Lance Barnard]]<br>[[Jim Cairns]]<br>[[Frank Crean]]<br>[[Tom Uren]]
|predecessor4 = [[Arthur Calwell]]
|successor4 = [[Bill Hayden]]
|office5 = [[Partai Buruh Australia|Wakil Ketua Partai Buruh]]
|term_start5 = 7 Maret 1960
|term_end5 = 9 Februari 1967
|leader5 = [[Arthur Calwell]]
|predecessor5 = [[Arthur Calwell]]
|successor5 = [[Lance Barnard]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1916|07|11|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Kew, Victoria|Kew]], Melbourne, Australia
|death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2014|10|21|1916|07|11|df=y}}}}
|death_place = [[Elizabeth Bay, New South Wales|Elizabeth Bay]], Sydney, Australia
|party = [[Partai Buruh Australia]]
|birthname = Edward Gough Whitlam
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Margaret Whitlam|Margaret Dovey]]|21 April 1942|17 March 2012|reason=berceraimeninggal}}
|children = [[Tony Whitlam|Tony]]<br> [[Nicholas Whitlam|Nicholas]]<br> Stephen<br>Catherine
|alma_mater = [[University of Sydney]]
|occupation = [[Duta besar]] [[hak asasi manusia]]<br />([[UNESCO|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]])<br />[[Bombardier (aircrew)|Flight bombardier]]<br />([[Royal Australian Air Force]])
|profession = [[Pengacara]]
| profession = [[Barrister]]<br />[[Politikus]]<br />[[Diplomat]]
|religion = [[Anglikan]]
|signature = Gough Whitlam Signature.svg
|allegiance = Persemakmuran Australia
|branch = [[Royal Australian Air Force]]
|serviceyears = 1941–1945
|rank = [[Berkas:RAAF O3 rank.png|15px]] [[FlightLetnan Lieutenantpenerbang]]
|unit = [[No. 13 Squadron RAAF]]
|battles = [[Perang Dunia II]]
Baris 66 ⟶ 70:
 
== Masa kecil ==
[[Berkas:EG Whitlam (AWM P04697-001).jpg|thumbjmpl|Penerbang Gough Whitlam di [[Cooktown, Queensland]] pada 1944]]
Gough Whitlam dilahirkan di [[Kew, Victoria|Kew]], sebuah suburbia [[Melbourne]]. Ayahnya, [[Fred Whitlam]], adalah seorang pegawai negeri federal yang berdinas sebagai [[Pengacara Commonwealth Crown]]. Keterlibatan Whitlam senior dalam masalah-masalah hak-hak asasi manusia merupakan pengaruh yang kuat terhadapanaknya. Whitlam belajar di [[Knox Grammar School]] di [[Sydney]] dan di [[Canberra Grammar School]], dan di sana ia bersahabat dengan [[Francis James]]. Whitlam kemudian belajar hokumhukum di [[Universitas Sydney]]. Selama [[Perang Dunia II]] ia berdinas sebagai penerbang di [[Skuadron No. 13 RAAF]] [[Angkatan Udara Australia]], mencapai pangkat letnan penerbang. Ia menyelesaikan studinya setelah perang dan diterima di pengadilan [[New South Wales]] pada [[1947]].
 
Pada 1942 Whitlam menikah dengan Margaret Dovey, anak Hakim [[Bill Dovey]], dan memperoleh tiga orang anak laki-laki dan seorang anak perempuan. [[Margaret Whitlam]] dikenal karena cerdas dan pandai mengejek seperti suaminya. Ia juga seorang pengarang yang banyak menghasilkan terbitan dan bekas juara renang. Salah seorang anak mereka, [[Nicholas Whitlam]], menjadi bankir yang terkemukadan tokoh yang juga kontroversial. Anak mereka yang lainnya, [[Tony Whitlam]], pernah sebentar menjadi anggota parlemen federal dan diangkat sebagai hakim pada 1993 di [[Pengadilan Federal Australia]], dan belakangan pada 1994 hakim di [[Mahkamah Agung Teritori Ibukota Australia|Mahkamah Agung ACT]]. Anak mereka yang ketiga, [[Stephen Whitlam]] (lahir 1950), adalah seorang bekas diplomat.<ref>Tidak ada biografi resmi ataupun akademis tentang Gough Whitlam. Sumber-sumber tentang masa kecilnya termasuk tulisan Laurie Oakes dan David Solomon, ''The Making of an Australian Prime Minister'', Cheshire 1973, dan Laurie Oakes, ''Whitlam PM: A biography'', Angus dan Robertson 1973. Whitlam belum pernah menerbitkan memoar, tetapi membahas pengaruh ayahnya dalam Gough Whitlam, ''Abiding Interests'', University of Queensland Press, 1997</ref> Anak perempuannya, Catherine Dovey (lahir 1954) pernah menjabat di [[Badan Pengurangan Hukuman]] [[New South Wales]].<ref>"[http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/21/1077072890898.html?from=storirhs Whitlam's daughter quits parole board] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808002605/https://www.smh.com.au/national/whitlams-daughter-quits-parole-board-20040222-gdieie.html |date=2023-08-08 }}", ''[[The Sun-Herald]]'', [[22 Februari]] [[2004]].</ref>
 
Whitlam telah menjadi pendukung masa jabatan parlementer yang tetap sejak ia menjadi anggota komite peninjauan konstitusional pada 1950-an. Seminggu sebelum ulang tahunnya yang ke-90, ia menuduh Partai Buruh telah gagal dalam menuntut perubahan ini.<ref>{{cite news|first = Ryan|last = Emery|url = http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/stori/0,20867,19699587-2702,00.html|title = Gough attack's ALP's aim as second best|publisher = [[The Australian]]|date = 2006-07-06|7 = |accessdate = 2006-07-11}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author = [[Michelle Grattan|Grattan, Michelle]]|url = http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/07/07/1152240491091.html|title = Party hails Gough in his 10th decade|date = 2006-07-08|accessdate = 2006-07-11|publisher = [[The Age]]|archive-date = 2016-03-14|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160314091108/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/07/07/1152240491091.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>
|title = Gough attack's ALP's aim as second best|publisher = [[The Australian]]|date = 2006-07-06||accessdate = 2006-07-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=[[Michelle Grattan|Grattan, Michelle]]|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/07/07/1152240491091.html|title = Party hails Gough in his 10th decade|date = 2006-07-08|accessdate = 2006-07-11|publisher = [[The Age]]}}</ref>
 
== Kehormatan ==
Whitlam diangkat menjadi [[Queen's Counsel]] pada 1962 dan Companion of the [[Order of Australia]] pada 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/|title=It's an Honour Website|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=2006-07-11|archive-date=2019-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504050657/http://itsanhonour.gov.au/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada 2005 ia diangkat sebagai ''Grand Commander'' kehormatan dari ''the Order of the Star of Melanesia'' oleh Gubernur Jenderal Papua New Guinea.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://pnggossip.com/news/g050916.html |title = Papua New Guinea Gossip Newsletter |work = PNGGossip.com |accessdate = 31 Desember |accessyear = 2006 |archive-date = 2022-09-25 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220925105000/http://www.pnggossip.com/news/g050916.html |dead-url = no }}</ref>
 
Pada 2006 ia dianugerahi Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Rising Sun]] dari Kaisar Jepang. [http://www.au.emb-japan.go.jp/e_web/Honours.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115454/http://www.au.emb-japan.go.jp/e_web/Honours.htm |date=2007-09-29 }}
 
Whitlam adalah Fellow kehormatan dari [[Akademi Humaniora Australia]].<ref name=whitintbio>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitlam.org/people/whitlam_gough.html|title=Hon E.G. Whitlam, AC QC|publisher=The Whitlam Institute (dalam [[Universitas Western Sydney]])|accessdate=2006-07-11|archive-date=2006-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712194540/http://www.whitlam.org/people/whitlam_gough.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
Ia memperoleh gelar [[doktor kehormatan]] dari [[Universitas Sydney]], [[Universitas Wollongong]], [[Universitas La Trobe]] dan [[Universitas Teknologi, Sydney]].<ref name=whitintbio/>
 
Pada April 2007, Gough dan Margaret Whitlam diangkat sebagai anggota seumur hidup dari Partai Buruh Australia. Ini adalah untuk pertama kalinya seseorang menjadi anggota seumur hidup pada tingkat nasional dari organisasi partai ini.<ref>{{cite news|first=|last=|coauthors=|title=Gough, Margaret Whitlam get ALP life membership|date=April 28, 2007.|publisher=|url =http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200704/s1908845.htm|work =ABC News Online|pages =|accessdate = 2007-04-28|language = |archive-date=2007-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430063905/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200704/s1908845.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>.
 
Whitlam juga telah ditawari [[Companion of Honour]] (CH) dan posisi sebagai seorang [[Privy Councillor]], tetapi sesuai dengan sikapnya yang menentang bintang kehormatan Imperial, ia menolak tawaran ini.
Baris 108 ⟶ 111:
* John Walter, ''The Leader: A Political Biography of Gough Whitlam'', University of St. Lucia QLD, 1980.
* Patrick Weller & R.F.I. Smith, 'The Rise and Fall of Whitlam Labor: The political context of the 1975 elections' in ''Australia at the Polls: The National Election of 1975'', ed. H.R. Penniman, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, 1977, pp.&nbsp;49–76.
 
* Gough Whitlam, ''On Australia's Constitution'', Widescope, 1977
* Gough Whitlam, ''The Truth of the Matter'', Penguin, 1979 (cetak ulang, Melbourne University Press, 2005)
Baris 122 ⟶ 124:
== Pranala luar ==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/meetpm.asp?pmId=21 Gough Whitlam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204024447/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/meetpm.asp?pmId=21 |date=2009-02-04 }} - Perdana Menteri Australia / Arsip Nasional Australia
* [http://www.whitlam.org/ The Whitlam Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214003621/http://www.whitlam.org/ |date=2020-12-14 }}
* [http://www.naa.gov.au/the_collection/cabinet/1974_cabinet/1974_cabinet.html 1974 Cabinet Records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629004141/http://www.naa.gov.au///the_collection/cabinet/1974_cabinet/1974_cabinet.html |date=2007-06-29 }} / Arsip Nasional Australia
* [http://whitlamdismissal.com/ The Whitlam Dismissal – 11 November 1975] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108162917/http://whitlamdismissal.com/ |date=2021-01-08 }}
* [http://www.saxton.com.au/default.asp?sd8=231 Gough Whitlam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923141212/http://www.saxton.com.au/default.asp?sd8=231 |date=2006-09-23 }} - Exclusive to Saxton Speakers Bureau
* [http://www.australianbeers.com/culture/letter.htm Surat pemberhentian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428193910/http://www.australianbeers.com/culture/letter.htm |date=2015-04-28 }} – Salinan surat pemberhentian
* [http://colsearch.nfsa.afc.gov.au/nfsa/search/summary/summary.w3p;adv=yes;group=;groupequals=;page=0;parentid=;query=Number%3A359336%20|%20Number%3A156392;querytype=;resCount=10 Gough Whitlam at the National Film and Sound Archive] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090520022657/http://colsearch.nfsa.afc.gov.au/nfsa/search/summary/summary.w3p;adv=yes;group=;groupequals=;page=0;parentid=;query=Number%3A359336%20{{!}}%20Number%3A156392;querytype=;resCount=10 |date=2009-05-20 }}
 
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