Grímsvötn: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox mountain
|name = Grímsvötn
|photo = Iceland_Grimsvoetn_1972-B.jpg
|photo_caption = Grímsvötn dan gletser Vatnajökull, Islandia, Juli 1972
|elevation_m = 1725
|elevation_ref = <ref name=gvp>{{cite gvp|1=1703-01=|2=Grímsvötn|accessdate=15 August 2006}}</ref>
|prominence_m =
|prominence_ref=
|listing = [[Daftar gunung berapi di Islandia]]
|location = [[Austur-Skaftafellssýsla]] / [[Vestur-Skaftafellssýsla]], {{ISL}}
|map = Iceland relief| region =
|map_caption =
|map_size =
|label_position = right
|lat_d = 64 | lat_m = 25 | lat_s = 12 | lat_NS = N
|long_d= 17 | long_m= 19 | long_s= 48 | long_EW= W
|type = [[Kaldera|Kaldera vulkanik]]
|age =
|last_eruption = 22 Mei 2011
}}
'''Grímsvötn''' ({{IPA-is|'krimsvœʰtn̥}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/comment?lc=gvgitQuH96JPi8McKoZ6pi5DdNlb2zn-sCWvu4A56NA |title=How to pronounce /grímsvötn/ |publisher=youtube.com |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archive-date=2023-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809161507/https://www.youtube.com/comment?lc=gvgitQuH96JPi8McKoZ6pi5DdNlb2zn-sCWvu4A56NA |dead-url=no }}</ref> ''vötn'' = "air", tunggal: {{lang|is|''vatn''}}) adalah sebuah gunung berapi dan danau subglasial yang terletak di tenggara [[Islandia]]. Gunung dan danau-danau ini berada di [[dataran tinggi Islandia]] di sisi barat laut tebing es [[Vatnajökull]] di {{coord|64|25|N|17|20|W|}} pada ketinggian {{convert|1725|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Di bawah danau-danau ini terdapat [[kantung magma]] gunung berapi Grímsvötn.
Grímsvötn adalah sebuah gunung berapi basaltik yang memiliki frekuensi letusan tertinggi dari semua gunung berapi di Islandia dan memiliki sistem retakan yang membentang barat daya-timur laut. Letusan retakan [[Laki]] tahun 1783-1784 yang merusak iklim dunia adalah bagian dari sistem retakan yang sama. Grímsvötn meletus pada waktu yang sama seperti Laki pada 1783, namun letusannya terus berlanjut hingga 1785. Karena sebagian besar gunung berapi berada di bawah Vatnajökull, sebagian besar letusannya bersifat [[letusan subglasial|subglasial]] dan interaksi magma dan air dari es mencair mengakibatkan aktivitas letusan eksplosif [[letusan freatomagmatik|freatomagmatik]].
Pada 21 Mei 2011 pukul 19:25 [[Waktu Terkoordinasi Universal|UTC]], [[Letusan Grímsvötn 2011|sebuah letusan]] terjadi dengan [[kolom letusan|awan]] setinggi {{convert|12|km|mi|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} yang disertai beberapa [[gempa bumi]],<ref>[http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20110803223356/www.ruv.is/grimsvotn Eldgos í Grímsvötnum], 24 May 2011 (in Islandic)</ref><ref name=Helgason>{{cite web |author=Njörður Helgason |url=http://mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2011/05/21/buid_ad_loka_skeidararsandi/ |title=Vegurinn um Skeiðarársand lokaður |publisher=mbl.is |date=14 April 2011 |accessdate=22 May 2011 |archive-date=2011-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523073140/http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2011/05/21/buid_ad_loka_skeidararsandi/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=aljazeera>{{cite web |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2011/05/2011521223345828845.html |title=Iceland's most active volcano erupts – Europe |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=21 May 2011 |accessdate=22 May 2011 |archive-date=2011-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523233900/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2011/05/2011521223345828845.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=icenews>{{cite web |url=http://www.icenews.is/index.php/2011/05/21/iceland-volcanic-eruption-not-linked-to-the-end-of-the-world/ |title=Iceland volcanic eruption ‘not linked to the end of the world’ | IceNews – Daily News |publisher=Icenews.is |date= |accessdate=22 May 2011 |archive-date=2011-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524011802/http://www.icenews.is/index.php/2011/05/21/iceland-volcanic-eruption-not-linked-to-the-end-of-the-world/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> mengganggu rute perjalanan udara di Islandia,<ref name="eurocontrol1"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jonfr.com/volcano/ |title=Iceland Volcano and Earthquake blog |access-date=2011-05-25 |archive-date=2011-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606044111/http://www.jonfr.com/volcano/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> dan di Greenland, Skotlandia, Norwegia, Irlandia dan Inggris pada 22–24 Mei. Hingga 25 Mei, skala letusan menjadi lebih besar dari [[letusan Eyjafjallajökull 2010|letusan]] [[Eyjafjallajökull]] tahun 2010.
Letusan berhenti pada pukul 02.40 waktu setempat pada 25 Mei 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Volcanic Ash Advisory at 1241 on 25 May 2011|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/aviation/vaac/data/VAG_1306323708.png|publisher=Met Office UK|accessdate=25 May 2011|archive-date=2022-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123040708/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/aviation/vaac/data/VAG_1306323708.png|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Iceland volcano ash: German air traffic resuming|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13535054|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=25 May 2011|archive-date=2011-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525111745/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13535054|dead-url=no}}</ref>
==
* [[Vulkanisme di Islandia]]
* [[Daftar gunung berapi di Islandia]]
* [[Geografi Islandia]]
* [[Gletser di Islandia]]
* [[Banjir bandang danau glasial]]
* [[Awan panas Islandia]]
* [[Titik panas Islandia]]
* [[Danau di Islandia]]
* [[Daftar pulau di Islandia]]
* [[Garis waktu letusan gunung berapi besar di dunia]]
* [[Tektonik lempeng]]
== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist|30em}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|Grímsvötn}}
* [http://en.vedur.is/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/2180 Update on Grímsvötn Activity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526022820/http://en.vedur.is/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/2180 |date=2011-05-26 }} – from the Icelandic Met Office and University of Iceland (updated at least daily)
* [http://en.vedur.is/earthquakes-and-volcanism/earthquakes/vatnajokull/ Current seismology around Grímsvötn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721124458/https://en.vedur.is/earthquakes-and-volcanism/earthquakes/vatnajokull |date=2023-07-21 }} – Earthquakes in last 48 hours
* [http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20110803210737/live.mila.is/grimsvotn2/ Webcam by Míla, Iceland] (exact location unknown)
* [http://live.mila.is/jokulsarlon/ Webcam at Jökulsárlón, south of the volcano, by Míla, Iceland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312085225/http://live.mila.is/jokulsarlon/ |date=2011-03-12 }}
* [http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/aviation/vaac/vaacuk_vag.html Grímsvötn volcanic ash advisory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408200521/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/aviation/vaac/vaacuk_vag.html |date=2018-04-08 }} from regional Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre, London (updated every 6 hours)
* [http://www.nats.co.uk/grimsvotn-updates/ Grímsvötn updates from NATS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525172759/http://www.nats.co.uk/grimsvotn-updates/ |date=2011-05-25 }} – UK air traffic control plus the Eastern part of the North Atlantic
* [http://www.flightradar24.com/ Live air traffic and ash cloud position] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720195459/http://www.flightradar24.com/ |date=2014-07-20 }}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13498477 BBC news report of the 23 May 2011 eruption] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523112049/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13498477 |date=2011-05-23 }}
* [http://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/2011/nr/2174 Report on the start of the Grímsvötn eruption] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619101828/http://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/2011/nr/2174 |date=2013-06-19 }} from the Icelandic Met Office
* {{cite gvp|1=1703-01=|2=Grímsvötn}}
* [http://www.lancs.ac.uk/ug/lloydca/formation.html Formation and emptying of glacier lakes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207133738/http://www.lancs.ac.uk/ug/lloydca/formation.html |date=2005-02-07 }}
* [http://millhouse.nl/grimsvotn2004.html Photo report of the November 2004 eruption] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101231029/http://www.millhouse.nl/grimsvotn2004.html |date=2005-11-01 }}
* [http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&click_id=420&art_id=qw1099460701116T614 Independent news report of the 2004 eruption] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041223141626/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14 |date=2004-12-23 }}
* [http://all-geo.org/volcan01010/2011/05/grimsvotn-eruption-frequently-asked-questions/ Grimsvötn eruption – frequently asked questions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128184130/http://all-geo.org/volcan01010/2011/05/grimsvotn-eruption-frequently-asked-questions/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
{{Danau di Islandia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grimsvotn}}
[[Kategori:Gunung berapi aktif]]
[[Kategori:Gunung berapi subglasial]]
[[Kategori:Gunung berapi di Islandia]]
[[Kategori:Danau subglasial]]
{{gunung-stub}}
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