Guayaquil: Perbedaan antara revisi

leader_name = CynthiaAquiles ViteriÁlvarez|

Guayaquil merupakan wilayah yang rawan terkena [[Gempa (fenomena alam)|gempa]] dan [[tsunami]] sebagai akibat dari lokasinya yang dekat dengan [[Subduksi|zona subduksi]] [[Andes|Pegunungan Andes]] dan dekat dengan wilayah subduksi [[lempeng Pasifik]] dan lempeng benua [[Amerika]] yang sangat besar aktivitas kegempaannya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ioualalen|first=M.|last2=Monfret|first2=T.|last3=Béthoux|first3=N.|last4=Chlieh|first4=M.|last5=Adams|first5=G. Ponce|last6=Collot|first6=J.-Y.|last7=Bustamante|first7=C. Martillo|last8=Chunga|first8=K.|last9=Navarrete|first9=E.|date=2014-05-09|title=Tsunami mapping in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador, due to local seismicity|journal=Marine Geophysical Research|language=en|volume=35|issue=4|pages=361–378|doi=10.1007/s11001-014-9225-9|issn=0025-3235}}</ref> Selain itu, wilayah kota ini pun rawan terdampak [[Pencairan tanah|likuifaksi]] sebagai akibat dari gempa, hal tersebut disebabkan oleh struktur tanah kota ini yang bertanah sedimen halus yang berada di atas bebatuan keras, sehingga ketika terjadi guncangan gempa tanah sedimen di atas batuan tersebut akan mengalami perubahan bentuk dari struktur tanah yang padat menjadi lembek.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/reports/reprints/8NCEE-001467.pdf|title=Site Characterization and Seismic Zonation of Guayaquil City, Ecuador|last=Vera-Grunauer|first=X.|last2=J.D.|first2=Bray|date=2006|website=|publisher=8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2006, v 16, p 9672-9681|access-date=November 13, 2016|last3=Pestana|first3=J.M.|last4=Kayen|first4=R.|last5=Tandazo|first5=E.|last6=Ramire|first6=J.|last7=Vera-Grunauer|first7=J.G.|last8=Mera-Ortiz|first8=W.|archive-date=2017-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214051240/https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/reports/reprints/8NCEE-001467.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Witt|first=César|last2=Bourgois|first2=Jacques|last3=Michaud|first3=François|last4=Ordoñez|first4=Martha|last5=Jiménez|first5=Nelson|last6=Sosson|first6=Marc|date=2006-06-01|title=Development of the Gulf of Guayaquil (Ecuador) during the Quaternary as an effect of the North Andean block tectonic escape|journal=Tectonics|language=en|volume=25|issue=3|pages=TC3017|doi=10.1029/2004TC001723|issn=1944-9194}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Witt|first=César|last2=Bourgois|first2=Jacques|date=2010-01-01|title=Forearc basin formation in the tectonic wake of a collision-driven, coastwise migrating crustal block: The example of the North Andean block and the extensional Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes Basin (Ecuador-Peru border area)|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin|language=en|volume=122|issue=1–2|pages=89–108|doi=10.1130/B26386.1|issn=0016-7606}}</ref>

* {{en}} [http://www.ecuadors.org/guayaquil/ Guayaquil Ecuador] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526010946/http://www.ecuadors.org/guayaquil/ |date=2006-05-26 }}

* {{en}} [http://www.darwinadventure.com/galapagos-archipelago.htm Galapagos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715141558/http://www.darwinadventure.com/galapagos-archipelago.htm |date=2006-07-15 }}