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{{Infobox State IN
|state_name =Gujarat
|image_map =Gujarat in India (disputed hatched).svg
|capital =Gandhinagar
|latd
|longd =72.58
|largest_city =Ahmedabad
|abbreviation =IN-GJ
|official_languages =[[Bahasa Gujarati|Gujarati]]
|legislature_type =Unikameral
|legislature_strength =182
|governor_name =Nawal Kishore Sharma
|chief_minister =Narendra Modi
|established_date =[[1 Mei]] [[1960]]
|area =196.024
|area_rank =Ke-7
|area_magnitude =11
|population_year =2011
|population =60.439.692
|population_rank =Ke-10
|population_density =308
|districts =25
|image_seal = Seal of Gujarat.svg
|footnotes =
}}
'''Gujarat''' ([[bahasa Gujarati]]: ગુજરાત, [[Burmese]] : ဂူဂျာရာတ် ) adalah [[Negara bagian dan teritori India|negara bagian]] India dan paling terindustrialisasi
Negara bagian Gujarat diciptakan pada [[1 Mei]] [[1960]]. Gujarat telah menjadi negara bagian dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi tercepat di negara India; pada 2002, Gujarat memiliki pendapatan per kapita rata-rata Rs 7.500 (1992) dibandingkan dengan Rs 6.400 di negara-negara bagian lainnya.
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== Geografi ==
Gujarat merupakan negara bagian paling barat [[India]]. Dia berbatasan dengan [[Laut Arabia]] di barat, dengan negara bagian [[Rajasthan]] di utara dan timur laut, oleh [[Madhya Pradesh]] di timur, dan oleh [[Maharashtra]] di selatan dan tenggara.
Iklimnya kebanyakan kering dan banyak padang gurun di barat laut.
Gujarat memiliki panjang pesisir sekitar 1600
Kota-kota utama di Gujarat adalah [[Ahmedabad]], [[Vadodara]] (Baroda), [[Surat, India|Surat]], dan [[Rajkot]]. Ahmedabad adalah kota terbesar di negara bagian tersebut dan ke-6 terbesar di India. Kota penting lainnya di selatan Gujarat adalah [[Nadiad]], [[Jamnagar]], [[Ankleshwar]], [[Bharuch]], [[Navsari]], [[Vapi]], dan [[Valsad]]; di utara adalah [[Bhuj]] dan [[Dwarka]].
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Situated on the western coast of India, the name of the state is derived from Gujjaratta, which means the land of the Gujjars. It is believed that a tribe of [[Gujjars]] migrated to India around the 5th century. The history of Gujarat, however, began much earlier. Settlements of the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]], also known as the Harappan Civilisation, have been found in the area now known as Gujarat. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly [[Bharuch]], served as ports and trading centres in the [[Maurya]] and [[Gupta]] empires.
After the fall of the Gupta empire in the [[6th century]], Gujarat flourished as an independent Hindu kingdom. The [[Maitraka]] dynasty, descended from a Gupta general, ruled from the 6th to the 8th centuries from their capital at [[Vallabhi]], although they were ruled briefly by [[Harsha]] during the 7th century. The [[Arab]] rulers of [[Sind]] sacked Vallabhi in [[770]], bringing the Maitraka dynasty to an end. A branch of the [[Pratihara]] clan ruled Gujarat after the eighth century. In [[775]] the first [[Parsi]] (Zoroastrian) refugees arrived in Gujarat from [[Iran]].
The [[Solanki]] clan of [[Rajput]]s ruled Gujarat from c. 960 to 1243. Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at [[Anhilwara]] ([[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]) was one of the largest cities in India, with population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. In 1026, the famous [[Somnath]] temple in Gujarat was destroyed by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]. After 1243, the Solkanis lost control of Gujarat to their feudatories, of whom the [[Vaghela]] chiefs of [[Dholka]] came to dominate Gujarat. In 1292 the Vaghelas became tributaries of the [[Yadava]] dynasty of [[Devagiri]] in the [[Deccan]].
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[[Berkas:Bombay_Prov_south_1909.jpg|thumb|Bombay Presidency in 1909, southern portion]]
[[Portugal]] was the first [[Europe]]an power to arrive in Gujarat, acquiring several enclaves along the Gujarati coast, including [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. The [[British East India Company]] established a factory in [[Surat]] in 1614, which formed their first base in India, but it was eclipsed by [[Mumbai]] after the British acquired it from Portugal in 1668. The Company wrested control of much of Gujarat from the Marathas during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]. Many local rulers, notably the Maratha [[Gaekwad]]s of Baroda ([[Vadodara]]), made a separate peace with the British, and acknowledged British sovereignty in return for retaining local self-rule.
Gujarat was placed under the political authority of [[Bombay Presidency]], with the exception of Baroda state, which had a direct relationship with the [[Governor-General of India]]. From 1818 to 1947, most of present-day Gujarat, including [[Kathiawar]], [[Kutch]], and northern and eastern Gujarat were divided into dozens of [[princely states]], but several districts in central and southern Gujarat, namely [[Ahmedabad]], Broach ([[Bharuch]]), [[Kaira]], [[Panch Mahals]], and [[Surat]], were ruled directly by British officials.
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After [[Independence of India|Indian independence]] and the [[partition of India]] in 1947, the new Indian government grouped the former princely states of Gujarat into three larger units; [[Saurashtra]], which included the former princely states on the [[Kathiawar]] peninsula, [[Kutch]], and [[Bombay state]], which included the former British districts of Bombay Presidency together with most of Baroda state and the other former princely states of eastern Gujarat. In 1956, Bombay state was enlarged to include Kutch, Saurashtra, and parts of [[Hyderabad state]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] in central India. The new state had a mostly Gujarati-speaking north and a [[Marathi]]-speaking south. Agitation by Marathi nationalists for their own state led to the split of Bombay state on linguistic lines; on [[1 May]] [[1960]], it became the new states of Gujarat and [[Maharashtra]]. The first capital of Gujarat was [[Ahmedabad]]; the capital was moved to [[Gandhinagar]] in 1970.
In Gujarat a few new towns have been established since [[Indian independence]] in 1947. Most of these are more like settlements established near existing urban centres. Gandhidham, Sardarnagar and Kubernagar are three rehabilitation towns more of refugee settlements than self-sufficient towns. The last two now form part of the city of Ahmedabad. Ankaleswar and Mithapur were two of the earlier industrial towns established in Gujarat. A complex of three small townships for the oil refinery, the Fertilizer Factory and Petro-chemicals plant also came up near Baroda. Kandla is the only new port town established in the State.
Gujarat was hit with a devastating [[2001 Gujarat Earthquake |earthquake]] on [[January 26]], [[2001]] at 9:00am claiming a staggering 20,000 lives, injuring another 200,000 people and severely affecting the lives of 40 million Gujaratis. The economic and financial loss to Gujarat and India was deeply felt for years to come.
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The next new capital for which reference is available is [[Vallabhi]] in [[Saurashtra]] about 33 km east of [[Bhavnagar]] probably at a place where the present day village of [[Vala]] exists. This was the capital of ‘[[Maitraka]]’ Kings and was established around 480 A.D. The Chinese traveler [[Hu-en-Tsang]] who visited [[Valabhi]], described it as spread over an area of 8 km <!-- surely this should be an area unit --> <!--and densely populated. The next reference to a Capital is of ‘'Bhinnamal'’ also known as ‘'Shrinal'’, Capital of ‘'Gujjardesh'’ also visited by Hu-en-Tsang. It had an area of about 25 km² with gates on all sides and storied residences within.
The next reference to a capital is to ‘Ashapalli’ or ‘Karnavati’ during the region of [[Solanki]] Kings in 1040 A.D. With the advent of [[Mughal]]s, [[Ahmedabad]] was established in the year 1411 A.D. and remained as the capital of the state until 1970, except for a brief period from around 1500 to 1525 A.D. when it was shifted to [[Champaner]].
[[Gandhinagar]] was established as the new Capital of the State and became functional in 1970 with the shifting of the State Government offices there.
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The administration of the state is led by the Chief Minister.
After independence in 1947, the [[Indian National Congress]] party (INC) ruled the [[Bombay state]] (which included present-day Gujarat and [[Maharashtra]]). Congress continued to govern Gujarat after the state's creation in 1960. During and after India's [[State of Emergency in India|State of Emergency]] of 1975-1977, public support for the Congress Party eroded, but it continued to hold government until 1995. In the 1995 Assembly Polls, the Congress lost to the [[BJP]] and [[Keshubhai Patel]] came to power. His Government lasted only 2 years. The fall of that government was provoked by a split in the BJP led by [[Shankersinh Vaghela]]. BJP returned to power in 1998 state assembly polls and has won most of the subsequent polls. In 2001, following the loss of 2 assembly seats in [[by-election]]s, Keshubhai Patel resigned and handed over power to [[Narendra Modi]]. The BJP retained a majority in the 2002 election, and Narendra Modi has since served as Chief Minister of the state.
As of 2004, key figures in Gujarat politics are:
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Also on the Gulf of Khambat, 50 kilometers southeast of [[Bhavnagar]], is the [[Alang Ship Recycling Yard]], the world's largest.
[[Anand]] is host to [[Amul]] dairy, one of the largest milk product producers of the world. Gujarat is the largest producer of milk in India.
[[Reliance Industries Limited]] was founded by one of Gujarat's most respected industrialists, the late [[Dhirubhai Ambani]].
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== Demografi ==
{{Pie chart|caption=Agama di Gujarat (2011)<ref>[https://www.findeasy.in/gujarat-population-by-religion/]</ref>|label5=[[Sikhisme]]|color8=Black|label8=Tidak tahu|value7=0.03|color7=White|label7=Lainnya|color6=Yellow|value6=0.05|label6=[[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]|color5=DarkKhaki|value5=0.10|color4=Dodgerblue|label1=[[Agama Hindu|Hindu]]|value4=0.52|label4=[[Kekristenan|Kristen]]|color3=Brown|value3=0.96|label3=[[Jainisme]]|color2=Green|value2=9.67|label2=[[Islam]]|color1=DarkOrange|value1=88.57|value8=0.10}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Populasi keagamaan
!Agama
!Populasi
|Hindu
|53.533.988
|-
|Muslim
|5.846.761
|-
|Jainisme
|579.654
|-
|Kristen
|316.178
|-
|Sikhisme
|58.246
|-
|Buddha
|30.483
|-
|Lainnya
|16.480
|-
|Tidak tahu
|57.902
|}
== Pariwisata ==
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== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/pastcm.htm Chief Ministers of Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121218184123/http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/pastcm.htm |date=2012-12-18 }}
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.gujaratindia.com/ Official portal of Gujarat Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002114706/http://www.gujaratindia.com/ |date=2018-10-02 }}
* [http://www.gujarat.com/ Portal of Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607110313/https://gujarat.com/ |date=2023-06-07 }}
* [http://www.webindia123.com/GUJARAT/history/history.htm History of Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207034706/http://webindia123.com/GUJARAT/history/history.htm |date=2009-02-07 }}
* [http://www.1upindia.com/states/gujarat/history.html More information about history of Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519214341/http://www.1upindia.com/states/gujarat/history.html |date=2006-05-19 }}
* [http://www.hostkingdom.net/india.html#Gujarat List of rulers of Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629153707/http://www.hostkingdom.net/india.html#Gujarat |date=2007-06-29 }}
* [http://search.gujarat.com/ Website Directory of Gujarat ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403172607/http://search.gujarat.com/ |date=2005-04-03 }}
* [http://www.aau.in Anand Agricultural University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827050359/http://www.aau.in/ |date=2019-08-27 }}
* [http://www.jau.in Junagadh Agricultural University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925041111/http://www.jau.in/ |date=2008-09-25 }}
* [http://www.nau.in Navsari Agricultural University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515070244/http://www.nau.in/ |date=2019-05-15 }}
* [http://www.sdau.in Sardar Krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721071025/http://www.sdau.in/ |date=2023-07-21 }}
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[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India]]
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