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Baris 1:
{{Infobox
| name = Hideki Tōjō
| native_name = {{nobold|東條 英機
| native_name_lang = ja
|
| image = Hideki Tojo 2 (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 260
| order = ke-40
| office = Perdana Menteri Jepang
|
| term_start = 17 Oktober 1941
| term_end = 22 Juli 1944
| predecessor = [[Fumimaro Konoe]]
| successor = [[Kuniaki Koiso]]
| order2 = [[Kementerian Perang Jepang|Menteri Perang]]
| monarch2 = [[Hirohito|Shōwa]]
| primeminister2 = {{nowrap|Fumimaro Konoe (1940–1941)}}<br/>Himself (1941–1944)
| term_start2 = 22 Juli 1940
| term_end2 = 22 Juli 1944
| predecessor2 = [[Shunroku Hata]]
|
| order3 = [[Kantor Staf Umum Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran Jepang|Kepala Kantor Staf Umum Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran Jepang]]
| primeminister3 = Diri sendiri
| term_start3 = 21 Februari 1944
| term_end3 = 18 July 1944
| predecessor3 = [[Hajime Sugiyama]]
| successor3 = [[Yoshijirō Umezu]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1884|12|30}}
| birth_place = [[Kōjimachi]], [[Tokyo]], [[Kekaisaran Jepang]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1948|12|23|1884|12|30}}
| death_cause = Dieksekusi mati dengan [[Hukuman gantung]]{{sfn|Yenne|p=337}}
| death_place = [[Penjara Sugamo]], [[Tokyo]], [[Pendudukan Sekutu atas Jepang|Jepang di bawah Pendudukan Sekutu]]
| party = [[Asosiasi Asistensi untuk Pemerintahan Kekaisaran]] (1940–1945)
| otherparty = [[Independen (politikus)|Independen]] (sebelum 1940)
| father = Hidenori Tojo
| mother = Chitose Tojo
| spouse = {{marriage|Katsuko Ito|1909}}
| children = 3 putra, 4 putri
| religion =
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
* [[Akademi Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran Jepang]]
* [[Perguruan Tinggi Perang Angkatan Darat (Jepang)|Perguruan Tinggi Perang Angkatan Darat]]}}
| signature = Hideki Tojo signature.svg
| allegiance = {{flag|Kekaisaran Jepang}}
| branch = {{army|Empire of Japan}}
| rank = [[Jenderal]] [[File:帝國陸軍の階級―襟章―大将.svg|35px]]
| commands = [[Tentara Kwantung]] (1932–1934)
| battles = * [[Perang Saudara Rusia]]
* [[Invasi Jepang ke Manchuria]]
* [[Insiden 26 Februari]]
* [[Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua]]
* [[Operasi Chahar]]
* [[Perang Dunia II]]
| awards = {{nowrap|{{Plainlist|
* [[Ordo Matahari Terbit|Kordon Agung Ordo Matahari Terbit (旭日章)]]
* Ordo Elang Emas (金鵄勲章) kelas-2
* [[Order of the Sacred Treasure|Orde Khazanah Suci (瑞宝章)]]}}}}
| module = '''Hukuman narapidana'''{{Infobox criminal
| child = yes
| conviction = [[Kejahatan perang Jepang|Kejahatan perang]]<br/> [[Kejahatan kemanusiaan]]<br/> [[Kejahatan terhadap perdamaian]]
| conviction_penalty = Hukuman Mati
| conviction_status =
| victims = Tahanan perang Sekutu, Penduduk Tiongkok, Korea, Indocina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina dan warga sipil lainnya<br/>
| imprisoned = [[Penjara Sugamo]]
}}
}}
'''Hideki Tojo''' ({{nihongo2|東條 英機}}, ''{{audio|ja-tojo hideki.ogg|Tōjō Hideki}}'', 30 Desember 1884 – 23 Desember 1948) adalah seorang politikus Jepang dan [[Jenderal]] dari [[Tentara Kekaisaran Jepang]] (IJA) yang menjabat sebagai [[Perdana Menteri Jepang]] dan Presiden [[Asosiasi Asistensi untuk Pemerintahan Kekaisaran]] untuk sebagian besar dari [[Perang Dunia II]].
'''Hideki Tojo''' adalah jenderal Kekaisaran Tentara Jepang dan [[Perdana Menteri Jepang|PM]] ke-40 [[Jepang]] ([[18 Oktober]] [[1941]]-[[22 Juli]] [[1944]]). Tojo ialah anggota klik tentara yang mendorong Jepang dalam perang di akhir [[1930-an]]. Sebagai Menteri Perang pada 1940 ialah penolong dalam kepemimpinan Jepang dalam [[Blok Poros]] dengan [[Jerman Nazi]] dan [[Italia]].
Faktanya, tidak benar Hideki Tojo ingin dimulainya perang antara Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Meskipun ia melakukan yang terbaik untuk memenuhi keinginan Kaisar Showa untuk menghindari perang antara Jepang dan Amerika Serikat, kenyataannya ia ditolak oleh Kongres dan opini publik Jepang pada saat itu. Konon di hari diputuskannya Jepang dan Amerika Serikat akan berperang, Tojo menangis sendirian karena tak sanggup menanggapi kepercayaan Kaisar.
Mulai 1941, Tojo ialah PM dan menguasai seluruh militer Jepang, yang begitu mendominasi Jepang saat itu yang ia sesungguhnya ialah diktator bangsa. Ia digantikan pada 1944 menyusul serentetan kekalahan tentara Jepang. Setelah perang, ia menembak dirinya sendiri di dada untuk bunuh diri namun gagal.
Ia kemudian diadili oleh [[Pengadilan Militer Internasional untuk Timur Jauh]] sebagai penjahat perang. Ia dinyatakan bersalah atas tuduhan: 1 (peperangan agresi, dan perang dalam pelanggaran terhadap hukum internasional), tuduhan 27 (mengadakan perang tak beralasan terhadap Tiongkok), tuduhan 29 (peperangan agresif melawan AS), tuduhan 31 (mengadakan perang agresif melawan Persemakmuran Inggris), tuduhan 32 (mengadakan perang agresif melawan Belanda), tuduhan 33 (mengadakan perang agresif melawan Prancis (Indochina)), dan tuduhan 54 (memerintahkan, membenarkan, dan mengizinkan perlakuan tak berperikemanusiaan terhadap tawanan perang dan lainnya). Ia divonis mati pada 12 November 1948, dan menerima hukuman gantung.
Lebih lanjut, sebelum pecahnya perang antara Jepang dan Amerika Serikat, Hideki Tojo mengatakan kepada orang Jepang-Amerika yang sudah tinggal di Amerika Serikat sebagai berikut:
”Anda orang Jepang-Amerika telah menjadi orang Amerika, jadi bersumpahlah setia kepada tanah air Anda, Amerika. Sebagai orang Jepang, Anda tidak boleh melakukan sesuatu yang memalukan, seperti mengkhianati tanah air Anda, Amerika.”
Hasilnya, orang Jepang-Amerika berjuang demi tanah air mereka, Amerika Serikat, dan pasukan Jepang-Amerika yang berperang melawan Nazi menjadi terkenal di kalangan militer AS karena keberanian mereka, dan pencapaian ini membuat mereka mendapatkan kepercayaan dan status sosial di Amerika Serikat. ditingkatkan.
== Galeri ==
<gallery>
Aankomst van eerste minister Tojo op Java.webm|Kedatangan PM Tojo di Jawa.
</gallery>
== Daftar pustaka ==
* {{cite book
| last = Karnow
| first = Stanley
| authorlink = Stanley Karnow
| year = 1989
| title = [[In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines]]
| chapter = Hideki Tojo/Hideko Tojo
| publisher = Random House
| isbn = 978-0-394-54975-0
| ref = {{sfnRef|Karnow}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gorman
| first = Jacqueline Laks
| year = 2009
| title = Pearl Harbor: A Primary Source History
| url = https://archive.org/details/pearlharborprima0000gorm
| publisher = Gareth Stevens
| isbn = 978-1-4339-0047-1
| ref = {{sfnRef|Gorman}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Butow
| first = Robert Joseph Charles
| year = 1961
| title = Tojo and the coming of the war
| url = https://archive.org/details/tojocomingofwar0000buto
| publisher = Stanford University Press
| isbn = 978-0-8047-0690-2
| ref = {{sfnRef|Butow}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Baudot
| first = Marcel
| year = 1980
| title = The Historical encyclopedia of World War II
| url = https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl00baud
| publisher = Infobase Publishing
| isbn = 978-0-87196-401-4
| ref = {{sfnRef|Baudot}}
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Browne
|first=Courtney
|year=1998
|title=Tojo The Last Banzai
|url=https://archive.org/details/tojolastbanzai0000brow_a9s5
|publisher=Da Capo Press
|location=Boston
|isbn=0306808447}}
* {{cite book
| last=Crowe
| first=David M.
| year=2014
| title=War Crimes, Genocide, and Justice: A Global History
| publisher=St. Martin's Press, LLC
| location=New York City, New York
| accessdate=February 24, 2015
| isbn=978-0-230-62224-1
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aynFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=%22I+should+bear+entire+responsibility+for+the+war+in+general%22&source=bl&ots=ov6_NlNuJx&sig=W_gAxNsPYqUMqh-FE1WF4CbCQ-8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QZHsVMKlLsKiNrnDg6AP&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22I%20should%20bear%20entire%20responsibility%20for%20the%20war%20in%20general%22&f=false
| ref = {{sfnRef|Crowe}}
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Dower
|first=John
|year=1986
|title=War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War
|url=https://archive.org/details/warwithoutmercyr00dowe
|publisher=Pantheon
|location=New York
|isbn=0075416522}}
* {{cite article
| last=Falk
| first=Stanley
| title=Organization and Military Power: The Japanese High Command in World War II
| url=https://archive.org/details/sim_political-science-quarterly_1961-12_76_4/page/503
| journal=Political Science Quarterly
| volume=76
| date=December 1961
| pages=503-518}}
* {{cite book
| last = Fredrikson
| first = John C.
| year = 2001
| title = America's military adversaries: from colonial times to the present
| publisher = ABC-CLIO
| isbn = 978-1-57607-603-3
| ref = {{sfnRef|Fredrikson}}
}}
* {{cite article
| last=Kristof
| first=Nicholas
| title=The Problem of Memory
| journal=Foreign Affairs
| volume=77
| date=November–December 1998
| pages=37-49}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lamont-Brown
| first = Raymond
| year = 1988
| title = Kempeitai: Japan's dreaded military police
| url = https://archive.org/details/kempeitaijapansd00lamo
| publisher = The History Press
| isbn = 978-0-7509-1566-3
| ref = {{sfnRef|Lamont-Brown}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Toland
| first = John
| authorlink = John Toland (author)
| year = 1970
| title = [[The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945]]
| publisher = Random House
| location = New York
| lccn = 77117669
| ref = {{sfnRef|Toland}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Takemae
| first1 = Eiji
| last2 = Ricketts
| first2 = Robert
| year = 2003
| title = The Allied Occupation of Japan
| url = https://archive.org/details/alliedoccupation0000take
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| isbn = 978-0-8264-1521-9
| ref = {{sfnRef|Takemae & Ricketts}}
}}
* {{cite book
| editor1-last = Dear
| editor1-first = I.C.B.
| editor2-last = Foot
| editor2-first = M.R.D.
| year = 2001
| title = The Oxford companion to World War II
| url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_y4p2
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| isbn = 978-0-19-860446-4
| ref = {{sfnRef|Dear & Foot}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Cowley
| first1 = Robert
| last2 = Parker
| first2 = Geoffrey
| year = 2001
| title = The Reader's Companion to Military History
| url = https://archive.org/details/readerscompanion0000unse_x0k0
| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
| isbn = 978-0-618-12742-9
| ref = {{sfnRef|Cowley & Parker}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Goodman
| first1 = David G.
| last2 = Miyazawa
| first2 = Masanori
| year = 2000
| title = Jews in the Japanese mind: the history and uses of a cultural stereotype
| publisher = Lexington Books
| isbn = 978-0-7391-0167-4
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=R_PQLj2D1DQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Jews+in+the+Japanese+mind:+the+history+and+uses+of+a+cultural+stereotype#v=onepage&q&f=false
| ref = {{sfnRef|Goodman & Miyazawa}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kato
| first = Masuo
| year = 1946
| title = The Lost War: A Japanese Reporter's Inside Story
| publisher = Alfred A. Knopf
| isbn =
| ref = {{sfnRef|Kato}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last =
| first =
| year = 1945
| title = The New International Year Book: A Compendium of the World's Progress
| publisher = Dodd, Mead and Company
| isbn =
| ref = {{sfnRef|''The New International Year Book''}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bix
| first = Herbert P.
| authorlink = Herbert P. Bix
| date = 2001-09-04
| title = Hirohito and the making of modern Japan
| publisher = HarperCollins
| isbn = 978-0-06-093130-8
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zjmVltzm1kYC
| accessdate = November 11, 2011
| ref = {{sfnRef|Bix}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kido
| first = Kōichi
| year = 1966
| title = Kido Kōichi nikki
|trans-title=Diary of Kido Kōichi
| location = Tokyo
| publisher = Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai
| ref = {{sfnRef|Kido}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Fujiwara
| first = Akira
| year = 1991
| title = Shōwa tennō no ju-go nen sensō (The Shōwa Emperor's Fifteen Year War)
| publisher = Aoki Shoten
| ref = {{sfnRef|Fujiwara}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Murray
| first =Williamson
| last2 =Millet
| first2 =Alan
|year=2000
|title=A War To Be Won: Fighting the Second World War
| url = https://archive.org/details/wartobewonfighti00murr_0
| publisher=Harvard University Press
| location=Cambridge
| isbn=0674006801}}
* {{cite book
| last = Terasaki
| first = Hidenari
| year = 1991
| title = Shōwa tennō dokuhakuroku
| publisher = Bungei Shunjūsha
| ref = {{sfnRef|Terasaki}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Wetzler
| first = Peter
| year = 1998
| title = Hirohito and war: imperial tradition and military decision making in prewar Japan
| publisher = University of Hawaii Press
| isbn = 978-0-8248-1925-5
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BWqEkwH1KRMC
| accessdate = November 11, 2011
| ref = {{sfnRef|Wetzler}}
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Countis
| first = Sierra
| date = September 12, 2002
| title = The message on Tojo's teeth
| newspaper = Chico News & Review
| url = http://www.newsreview.com/chico/content?oid=10876
| accessdate = November 11, 2011
| ref = {{sfnRef|Countis}}
}}
* {{cite journal
|last=Taylor
|first=Blaine
|date=May 2009
|title=Hirohito's Triumph
|journal=WWII History Magazine
|publisher=Sovereign Media
|url=http://www.wwiihistorymagazine.com/current-issue/May09/hirohito/hirohito.html
|accessdate=November 11, 2011
|ref={{sfnRef|Taylor}}
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305044841/http://www.wwiihistorymagazine.com/current-issue/May09/hirohito/hirohito.html
|archivedate=March 5, 2012
|df=mdy-all
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Dower
| first = John W.
| authorlink = John W. Dower
| date = 2000-06-29
| title = Embracing defeat: Japan in the wake of World War II
| publisher = W. W. Norton & Company
| isbn = 978-0-393-32027-5
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hae0dC_NaiUC
| accessdate = November 11, 2011
| ref = {{sfnRef|Dower}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Toyoda
| first = Kumao
| year = 1986
| title = Sensō saiban yoroku
| publisher = Taiseisha Kabushiki Kaisha
| pages = 170–172
| ref = {{sfnRef|Toyoda}}
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Weinberg
|first=Gerhard
|year=2005
|title=A World In Arms A Global History of World War II
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|location=Cambridge
|isbn=9 780521 618267}}
* {{cite book
|last=Willmott
|first=H.P.
|year=1984
|title=June 1944
|url=https://archive.org/details/june194400will
|publisher=Blandford Press
|location=Poole, United Kingdom
|isbn=0 7137 1446 8}}
* {{cite book
| last=Yenne
| first=Bill
| year=2014
| title=The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years 1941–42
| publisher=Osprey Publishing
| location=Oxford, United Kingdom
| accessdate=February 24, 2015
| isbn=978-1-78200-932-0
| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LTZfBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA337&lpg=PA337&dq=%22I+should+bear+entire+responsibility+for+the+war+in+general%22&source=bl&ots=wiF4ARAlht&sig=EjofLr6zBGo9YG4b0dBGjL91VB0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QZHsVMKlLsKiNrnDg6AP&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%22I%20should%20bear%20entire%20responsibility%20for%20the%20war%20in%20general%22&f=false
| ref = {{sfnRef|Yenne}}
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Yoshimi
|first=Yoshiaki
|year=2000
|title=Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery in the Japanese Military During World War II
|url=https://archive.org/details/comfortwomen00yosh
|publisher=Columbia University Press
|location=New York
|isbn=0231120338}}
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
* {{cite book
| last = Swint
| first = Kerwin
| year = 2011
| title = The King Whisperers: Power Behind the Throne from Rasputin to Rove
| url = https://archive.org/details/kingwhispererspo0000swin
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/kingwhispererspo0000swin/page/163 163]–170
| publisher = Union Square Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-4027-7201-6
}}
* {{cite book | title= Warlord: Tojo Against the World| url= https://archive.org/details/warlordtojoagain0000hoyt|publisher= Scarborough House|author= Edwin Palmer Hoyt |year= 1993 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/warlordtojoagain0000hoyt/page/195 195]–201 | isbn=}}
* {{cite book | title= Politics and culture in wartime Japan |publisher= Oxford University Press |author= Ben Ami Shillony |year= 1981|pages= 62–63 | isbn=}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Sisterlinks|s=no|v=no|b=no|wikt=no|n=no}}<!-- * {{Prime Ministers of Japan-NDL|142}} -->
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080312052330/http://www.international.ucla.edu/eas/documents/19420527-tojo.htm WW2DB: Hideki Tojo]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312052330/http://www.international.ucla.edu/eas/documents/19420527-tojo.htm |date=March 12, 2008 |title=Address by Tojo Hideki, Premier of Japan }}
* Hideki Tojo's grave at [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=20880 Findagrave]
* [https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/17932065/ The Kokomo Tribune]. September 10, 1945.
* {{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=897&dat=19450910&id=P7daAAAAIBAJ&sjid=F1ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6295,4214582&hl=en|title= Terror of Asia Gives Interview on Many Topics |work= Prescott Evening Courier|date=Sep 10, 1945|accessdate=}}
* {{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19451010&id=1mlIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GVUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3568,5866928&hl=en|title= Tojo's Death Plotted in 1944, Is Disclosure|work= The Evening Independent|date= October 10, 1945|accessdate=}}
{{kotak mulai}}
{{kotak suksesi|jabatan =[[Perdana Menteri Jepang]]|tahun=1941–1944|pendahulu=[[Fumimaro Konoe]]|pengganti=[[Kuniaki Koiso]]}}
Baris 37 ⟶ 445:
{{lifetime|1884|1948|Tojo, Hideki}}
{{Perdana Menteri Jepang}}
[[Kategori:Perdana Menteri Jepang]]
Baris 44 ⟶ 452:
[[Kategori:Tokoh militer Jepang pada Perang Dunia II]]
{{jepang-stub}}
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