James II dari Inggris: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''James II & VII''' ({{lahirmati||14|10|1633||16|9|1701}})<ref>An assertion found in many sources that James II died 6 September 1701 (17 September 1701 [[New Style]]) may result from a miscalculation done by an author of anonymous "An Exact Account of the Sickness and Death of the Late King James II, as also of the Proceedings at St. Germains thereupon, 1701, in a letter from an English gentleman in France to his friend in London" (Somers Tracts, ed. 1809–1815, XI, pp. 339–342). The account reads: "And on Friday the 17th instant, about three in the afternoon, the king died, the day he always fasted in memory of our blessed Saviour's passion, the day he ever desired to die on, and the ninth hour, according to the Jewish account, when our Saviour was crucified." As 17 September 1701 [[New Style]] falls on a Saturday and the author insists that James died on Friday, "the day he ever desired to die on", an inevitable conclusion is that the author miscalculated the date which later made it to various reference works. See "English Historical Documents 1660–1714", ed. by Andrew Browning (London and New York: Routledge, 2001), 136–138.</ref> adalah [[Daftar raja Inggris|Raja]] [[Kerajaan Inggris|Inggris]] dan [[Daftar raja Iralndia|Raja]] [[Kerajaan Irlandia|Irlandia]] sebagai '''James II''' dan [[Daftar raja Skotlandia|Raja]] [[Kerajaan Skotlandia|Skotlandia]] sebagai '''James VII''',<ref name=james7/> sejak 6 Februari 1685. Ia merupakan raja [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik]] terakhir yang berkuasa di Kerajaan [[Kerajaan Inggris|Inggris]], [[Kerajaan Skotlandia|Skotlandia]] dan [[Kerajaan Irlandia|Irlandia]]. Semakin banyak pemimpin politik dan keagamaan Britania yang menentangnya karena terlalu pro-
James menjadi [[Daftar penguasa Inggris|Raja]] setelah kematian kakaknya [[Charles II dari Inggris]] , terkenal karena keyakinannya atas [[monarki absolut]] dan usahanya untuk menciptakan [[kebebasan beragama]] sebagai agenda utama yang berlawanan dengan keinginan [[Parlemen Inggris]]. Parlemen menentang pertumbuhan absolutisme yang sedang terjadi di negara-negara Eropa, juga kegagalan supremasi hukum untuk [[Gereja Inggris]], dan melihat penentangan mereka sebagai cara untuk melindungi kebebasan tradisional Inggris. Ketegangan ini menyebabkan kekuasaan empat tahun James menjadi perjuangan supremasi antara Parlemen Inggris dan Kerajaan yang berujung pada penurunan takhtanya, pengesahan [[Undang-Undang Hak Asasi Manusia 1689|Undang-Undang Hak Asasi Manusia Inggris]] dan [[Undang-Undang Permukiman 1701|suksesi Hanover]].
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Touch Pieces]]
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{{Refbegin}}
* [[Maurice Ashley (historian)|Ashley, Maurice]], ''The Glorious Revolution of 1688'', Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1966.
* [[Hilaire Belloc|Belloc, Hilaire]], ''James the Second'', J.B. Lippincott Co, Philadelphia 1928, popular; Catholic perspective
* Callow, John, ''The Making of King James II: The Formative Years of a King'', Sutton Publishing, Ltd, Stroud, Gloucestershire, 2000.
* Clarke, James S. (Editor), ''The Life of James II'', London, 1816
* Dekrey, Gary S. "Between Revolutions: Re-appraising the Restoration in Britain," ''History Compass'' 2008 6(3): 738-773,
* [[Tom Devine|Devine, T. M.]], ''The Scottish Nation 1700-2007'', Penguin Books, London, 2006.
* Glassey, Lionel, ed. ''The Reigns of Charles II and James VII and II'' (1997)
* Goodlad, Graham. " Before the Glorious Revolution: The Making of Absolute Monarchy?," ''History Review''. Issue: 58; 2007. pp 10+. Examines the Controversies Surrounding the Development of Royal Power under Charles II and James II. [http://www.questia.com/read/5022714365?title=Before%20the%20Glorious%20Revolution%3a%20The%20Making%20of%20Absolute%20Monarchy%3f%20Graham%20Goodlad%20Examines%20the%20Controversies%20Surrounding%20the%20Development%20of%20Royal%20Power%20under%20Charles%20II%20and%20James%20II in Questia]
* [[Henry Hallam|Hallam, Henry]], ''The Constitutional History of England from the Accession of Henry VII to the Death of George II,'' W. Clowes & Sons, London, 1855.
* Harris, Tim, ''Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy, 1685–1720'', Penguin Books, Ltd., 2006.
* "James II," ''Encyclopædia Britannica,'' 11th ed. London, 1911: Cambridge University Press.
* Jones, J. R. ''The Revolution of 1688 in England'', Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1988.
* [[John Phillipps Kenyon|Kenyon, J.P.]], ''The Stuart Constitution 1603–1688, Documents and Commentary'', 2d ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1986. ISBN 0-521-31327-9.
* MacLeod, John, ''Dynasty, the Stuarts, 1560–1807'', Hodder and Stoughton, London 1999.
* [[Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay|Macaulay, Thomas Babington]], ''[[The History of England from the Accession of James the Second]]. [http://books.google.com/books?id=1oIYAAAAYAAJ Popular Edition in Two Volumes]''. Longmans, London 1889.
* Miller, John. ''James II'' (3rd ed. 2000) [http://www.amazon.com/James-English-Monarchs-Professor-Miller/dp/0300087284/ref=sr_1_2 excerpt and text search], Miller sees James as more interested in his own survival and tolerance for Catholics and suggests he did not have a grand plan to Catholicize England
* Miller, John. ''The Stuarts'' (2004), 320pp; standard scholarly
* Miller, John.
* [http://jacobite.ca/kings/james2.htm McFerran, Noel S. (2003). "James II and VII."]
* Mullett, M. ''James II and English Politics 1678-1688'' (1993) [http://www.amazon.com/English-Politics-1678-1688-Lancaster-Pamphlets/dp/0415090423/ref=sr_1_1 excerpt and text search]
* Pincus, Steve. ''1688: The First Modern Revolution'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/1688-Modern-Revolution-Walpole-Eighteenth-C/dp/0300115474/ref=sr_1_1 excerpt and text search], influential new interpretation
* Prall, Stuart, ''The Bloodless Revolution: England, 1688'', Anchor Books, Garden City, New York 1972.
* Royle, Trevor, ''The British Civil Wars: The Wars of the Three Kingdoms, 1638–1660'', Little, Brown, 2004.
* Sowerby, Scott, "Of Different Complexions: Religious Diversity and National Identity in James II's Toleration Campaign," ''English Historical Review,'' vol. 124 (2009), pp. 29–52.
* Speck, W.A. ''James II'' (2002), argues James did not seek to impose Catholicism, but his ambitions went far beyond equal treatment for Catholics.
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== Pranala luar ==
{{Sister project links|James II dari Inggris}}
* [http://www.datesofhistory.com/James-II-England.biog.html
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1976 King James II on Find-A-Grave]
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{{Penguasa Inggris, Skotlandia, Britania}}
{{Persondata
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|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[London]]
|DATE OF DEATH=5 September 1701
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], [[
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[[Kategori:Raja Inggris]]
[[Kategori:Raja Skotlandia]]▼
[[Kategori:Wangsa Stuart]]
[[Kategori:Raja Katolik Roma]]
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