Joko Widodo: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 235:
Menanggapi protes besar, pemerintahan Jokowi telah menimbulkan beberapa kontroversi. Pada tanggal 22 Mei 2019, di tengah kerusuhan pasca pemilu yang dilakukan oleh para pendukung calon presiden yang kalah, Prabowo Subianto; pemerintah membatasi kecepatan penyebaran foto dan video di media sosial untuk menghentikan masyarakat agar tidak terhasut oleh berita palsu dan seruan kekerasan.<ref>{{cite web |author=Tehusijarana |first1=Karina M. |last2=Valentina |first2=Jessicha |date=22 May 2019 |title=Jakarta riot: Government temporarily limits access to social media, messaging apps |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/05/22/jakarta-riot-government-temporarily-limits-access-to-social-media-messaging-apps.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524081309/https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/05/22/jakarta-riot-government-temporarily-limits-access-to-social-media-messaging-apps.html |archive-date=24 May 2019 |access-date=3 March 2021 |publisher=The Jakarta Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Potkin |first=Fanny |date=22 May 2019 |editor-last=Davies |editor-first=Ed |editor2-last=Macfie |editor2-first=Nick |others=Reporting by Fanny Potkin & Agustinus Beo Da Costa |title=Indonesia curbs social media, blaming hoaxes for inflaming unrest |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-indonesia-election-socialmedia-idUKKCN1SS1MM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304093618/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-indonesia-election-socialmedia-idUKKCN1SS1MM |archive-date=4 March 2021 |access-date=3 March 2021 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Setelah kejadian tersebut, kantor [[Amnesty International]] di Indonesia mengecam tindakan represif terhadap para demonstran, mengutuk tindakan tersebut sebagai pelanggaran berat hak asasi manusia dan menuntut pemerintah menyelidiki eksekusi di luar hukum dalam bentrokan tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa21/0577/2019/en/|title=Indonesia: Open letter on torture or other ill-treatment by the police in the mass protest following the election result announcement of 21–23 May 2019|publisher=Amnesty International|date=25 June 2019|access-date=9 October 2019|archive-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105041133/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa21/0577/2019/en/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Cook |first=Erin |date=20 September 2019 |title=Is Indonesia Losing Its War on Corruption Under Jokowi? |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/09/is-indonesia-losing-its-war-on-corruption-under-jokowi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920233211/https://thediplomat.com/2019/09/is-indonesia-losing-its-war-on-corruption-under-jokowi/ |archive-date=20 September 2019 |access-date=20 December 2020 |publisher=The Diplomat}}</ref> Pada bulan Agustus dan September 2019, pemerintah memblokir akses internet di provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat di tengah [[Unjuk rasa dan kerusuhan Papua 2019|protes kekerasan]] melawan rasisme. Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Jakarta pada tahun 2020 memutuskan bahwa pemblokiran internet di Papua ilegal.<ref>{{cite web |author=Adjie |first=Mochamad Fiqih Prawira |date=3 June 2020 |title=Internet ban during Papua antiracist unrest ruled unlawful |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/06/03/internet-ban-during-antiracism-unrest-in-papua-deemed-illegal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603164348/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/06/03/internet-ban-during-antiracism-unrest-in-papua-deemed-illegal.html |archive-date=3 June 2020 |access-date=3 March 2021 |publisher=The Jakarta Post}}</ref>
 
Pada tahun 2017, Jokowi mendukung rancangan undang-undang kontroversial tentang organisasi massa, yang setelah disahkan mengakibatkan pembubaran [[Hizbut Tahrir]] cabang Indonesia. Ia berargumen bahwa undang-undang itu diperlukan untuk mempertahankan ideologi nasional, [[Pancasila]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Stefanie |first=Christie |date=26 October 2017 |title=Jokowi Tegaskan UU Ormas untuk Lindungi Pancasila |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20171026105856-20-251210/jokowi-tegaskan-uu-ormas-untuk-lindungi-pancasila |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026092328/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20171026105856-20-251210/jokowi-tegaskan-uu-ormas-untuk-lindungi-pancasila |archive-date=26 October 2017 |access-date=27 September 2018 |publisher=CNN Indonesia |language=id}}</ref> Pelarangan [[Front Pembela Islam]] (FPI) pada tahun 2020 juga didasarkan pada undang-undang tersebut.<ref>{{cite web |author=Nurita |first=Dewi |date=30 December 2020 |editor-last=Wibowo |editor-first=Kukuh S. |title=FPI Dilarang, Pakar Hukum Kritik UU Ormas yang Khas Orde Baru |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1418861/fpi-dilarang-pakar-hukum-kritik-uu-ormas-yang-khas-orde-baru |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231103535/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1418861/fpi-dilarang-pakar-hukum-kritik-uu-ormas-yang-khas-orde-baru |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Tempo |language=id}}</ref> Dua puluh tiga hari sebelumnya, polisi telah menembak mati enam anggota FPI saat terjadi konfrontasi.<ref name="6supporter">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/7/indonesia-police-kill-six-suspected-supporters-of-hardline-cleric|title=Indonesia police kill six suspected supporters of hardline leader|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=7 December 2020|access-date=10 January 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207080309/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/7/indonesia-police-kill-six-suspected-supporters-of-hardline-cleric|archive-date=7 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Renaldi |first=Erwin |date=10 December 2020 |title=Tewasnya Enam Orang Pendukung FPI Diminta Diusut Tanpa Menimbulkan Lebih Banyak Konflik |url=https://www.abc.net.au/indonesian/2020-12-08/tewasnya-enam-orang-fpi-harus-diusut-tanpa-timbulkan-konflik/12960698?nw=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304111225/https://www.abc.net.au/indonesian/2020-12-08/tewasnya-enam-orang-fpi-harus-diusut-tanpa-timbulkan-konflik/12960698?nw=0 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |access-date=24 December 2020 |publisher=ABC News Australia |language=id}}</ref> Pembelaan presiden selanjutnya terhadap polisi selama bertugas dan pernyataannya bahwa tidak ada warga negara yang boleh melanggar hukum atau merugikan negara<ref>{{cite web |author=Syambudi |first=Irwan |date=13 December 2020 |editor-last=Putri |editor-first=Restu Diantina |title=Jokowi Buka Suara soal Tewasnya Laskar FPI: Hukum Harus Ditegakkan |url=https://tirto.id/jokowi-buka-suara-soal-tewasnya-laskar-fpi-hukum-harus-ditegakkan-f768 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213081512/https://tirto.id/jokowi-buka-suara-soal-tewasnya-laskar-fpi-hukum-harus-ditegakkan-f768 |archive-date=13 December 2020 |access-date=24 December 2020 |publisher=Tirto.id |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Candra |first=Sapto Andika |date=13 December 2020 |editor-last=Puspita |editor-first=Ratna |title=Soal Tewasnya 6 Laskar FPI, Ini Tanggapan Jokowi |url=https://republika.co.id/berita/ql9mcv428/soal-tewasnya-6-laskar-fpi-ini-tanggapan-jokowi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135645/https://republika.co.id/berita/ql9mcv428/soal-tewasnya-6-laskar-fpi-ini-tanggapan-jokowi |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=24 December 2020 |publisher=Republika |language=id}}</ref> dikritik oleh Sekjen FPI, Munarman sebagai pembenaran atas pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan [[kekerasan struktural]].<ref>{{cite web |date=15 December 2020 |title=FPI Kecam Pernyataan Jokowi Soal Tewasnya 6 Pengawal Habib Rizieq |url=https://www.suaramerdeka.com/nasional/pr-04155517/fpi-kecam-pernyataan-jokowi-soal-tewasnya-6-pengawal-habib-rizieq |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321092522/https://www.suaramerdeka.com/nasional/pr-04155517/fpi-kecam-pernyataan-jokowi-soal-tewasnya-6-pengawal-habib-rizieqabib-rizieq |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=24 December 2020 |publisher=Suara Merdeka |language=id}}</ref> Seorang kepala polisi yang terlibat dalam pengejaran mobil dan pembunuhan berikutnya menyatakan bahwa para anggotanya bersenjata.<ref name="6supporter" /> Setelah disahkannya beberapa rancangan undang-undang yang kontroversial dan tindakan represif dari petugas keamanan terhadap protes besar sejak tahun 2019,<ref>{{cite web |author=Putri |first=Budiarti Utami |date=19 September 2019 |editor-last=Bhwana |editor-first=Petir Garda |others=Translated by Ricky Mohammad Nugraha |title=Expert Deems Law Revisions as a Return of the New Order |url=https://en.tempo.co/read/1249686/expert-deems-law-revisions-as-a-return-of-the-new-order |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920221042/https://en.tempo.co/read/1249686/expert-deems-law-revisions-as-a-return-of-the-new-order |archive-date=20 September 2019 |access-date=24 December 2020 |publisher=Tempo}}</ref> pemerintahannya dikritik karena "Neo-Otoritarianisme".<ref>{{cite web |author=Lindsey |first=Tim |date=7 November 2017 |title=Jokowi in Indonesia's 'Neo-New Order' |url=https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/11/07/jokowi-in-indonesias-neo-new-order/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107035600/https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/11/07/jokowi-in-indonesias-neo-new-order/ |archive-date=7 November 2017 |access-date=24 December 2020 |publisher=East Asia Forum}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demokrasi.co.id/2020/12/akademisi-unair-era-jokowi-menunjukan.html|title=Akademisi Unair: Era Jokowi Menunjukan Neo Otoritarianisme|publisher=Demokrasi.co.id|language=id|date=10 December 2020|access-date=24 December 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210110401/https://www.demokrasi.co.id/2020/12/akademisi-unair-era-jokowi-menunjukan.html|archive-date=10 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20200614142106-20-513183/lp3es-sebut-indonesia-penuhi-empat-kriteria-negara-otoriter|title=LP3ES Sebut Indonesia Penuhi Empat Kriteria Negara Otoriter|publisher=CNN Indonesia|language=id|date=14 June 2020|access-date=24 December 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709225316/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20200614142106-20-513183/lp3es-sebut-indonesia-penuhi-empat-kriteria-negara-otoriter|archive-date=9 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2020/10/15/how-not-to-reform-indonesia|title=How not to reform Indonesia|newspaper=The Economist|author=Banyan|date=15 October 2020|access-date=20 December 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018115733/https://www.economist.com/asia/2020/10/15/how-not-to-reform-indonesia|archive-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> ''[[South China Morning Post]]'' bahkan menjulukinya sebagai "[[Soeharto]] Kecil".<ref name="little">{{cite web |author=Yuniar |first=Resty Woro |date=10 November 2020 |title='Little Suharto'? Indonesian leader Widodo's places Twitter personalities, allies in key posts, sparking backlash |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3109116/little-suharto-indonesian-leader-widodos-move-place-twitter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110020320/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3109116/little-suharto-indonesian-leader-widodos-move-place-twitter |archive-date=10 November 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020 |publisher=South China Morning Post}}</ref>
 
Kenaikan harga premi layanan kesehatan masyarakat [[BPJS Kesehatan]] melalui Perintah Eksekutif (''Perpres'') 64/2020 dikritik sebagai pelanggaran mencolok terhadap keputusan [[Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia|Mahkamah Agung]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/putusan-ma-batalkan-kenaikan-iuran-bpjs-tidak-bisa-diganggu-gugat.html|title=Putusan MA Batalkan Kenaikan Iuran BPJS Tidak Bisa Diganggu Gugat|publisher=Merdeka|language=id|date=9 March 2020|access-date=24 December 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310163044/https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/putusan-ma-batalkan-kenaikan-iuran-bpjs-tidak-bisa-diganggu-gugat.html|archive-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> yang membatalkan Perpres 82/2018 tentang kenaikan harga. Perpres 64/2020 sendiri ditandatangani di tengah pandemi COVID-19 yang telah menimbulkan kesusahan bagi masyarakat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/foto/peristiwa/1177419/20200515120813-bpjs-kesehatan-naik-di-tengah-pandemi-001-nirmatullah-efendi.html|title=BPJS Kesehatan Naik di Tengah Pandemi|publisher=Merdeka|language=id|date=15 May 2020|access-date=24 December 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515062530/https://www.merdeka.com/foto/peristiwa/1177419/20200515120813-bpjs-kesehatan-naik-di-tengah-pandemi-001-nirmatullah-efendi.html|archive-date=15 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Makdori |first=Yopi |date=14 May 2020 |title=Iuran BPJS Kesehatan Naik, Demokrat Sebut Jokowi Permainkan Putusan MA |url=https://www.merdeka.com/politik/iuran-bpjs-kesehatan-naik-demokrat-sebut-jokowi-permainkan-putusan-ma.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519083706/https://www.merdeka.com/politik/iuran-bpjs-kesehatan-naik-demokrat-sebut-jokowi-permainkan-putusan-ma.html |archive-date=19 May 2020 |access-date=24 December 2020 |publisher=Merdeka |language=id}}</ref> Keprihatinan serupa juga diungkapkan oleh mantan Wakil Wali Kota Surakarta, [[F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo|F.X. Hadi Rudyatmo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20200514192321-32-503520/bpjs-naik-walkot-solo-anggap-jokowi-sengsarakan-rakyat|title=BPJS Naik, Walkot Solo Anggap Jokowi Sengsarakan Rakyat|publisher=CNN Indonesia|language=id|date=14 May 2020|access-date=24 December 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515081922/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20200514192321-32-503520/bpjs-naik-walkot-solo-anggap-jokowi-sengsarakan-rakyat|archive-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>