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(23 revisi perantara oleh 15 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{other|Cf (disambiguasi)}}
{{Kotak info kalifornium}}
'''Kalifornium''' ({{pronEng|ˌkæl<s>ɪ</s>ˈforniəm}}) adalah [[unsur kimia]] dalam [[sistem periodik unsur]] yang memiliki lambang '''Cf''' dan [[nomor atom]] 98. Atom ini dinamakan berdasarkan universitas dan negara bagian Kalifornia. Kalifornium adalah senyawa paling mahal ke-7 di dunia, dengan harga 27 juta dolar Amerika per Gram.<ref>{{Citation|title=Why Does Californium-252 Cost $27 Million Per Gram|url=https://medium.com/illumination/why-does-californium-252-cost-27-million-per-gram-91526225287|accessdate=2023-06-24|language=id-ID}}</ref>
 
== Kegunaan ==
Kalifornium bisa digunakan untuk terapi [[kanker]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mastah.org/kalifornium-californium-cf-penjelasan-ciri-sifat-dan-fungsi-kegunaan/|title=Kalifornium {{!}} Californium (Cf) : Penjelasan, Ciri Sifat dan Kegunaan|date=2017-11-30|website=MASTAH|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> Elemen ini adalah sumber neutron yang efisien. Karena itu banyak potensi kegunaan baru untuk elemen ini.
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 8 ⟶ 12:
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* {{cite book
| last = Cotton | first = F. Albert
| coauthors = Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred
| title = Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
|url = https://archive.org/details/advancedinorgani0000unse| edition = 6th
| year = 1999
| publisher = John Wiley & Sons
| isbn = 978-0-471-19957-1
| chapter =
| pages =
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| author = CRC contributors
| title = Handbook of Metal Etchants
| editor1-first = Perrin|editor1-last = Walker
| editor2-first = William H.| editor2-last = Tarn
| edition =
| year = 1991
| publisher = CRC Press
| isbn = 978-0-8493-3623-2
| ref = {{sfnRef|CRC|1991}}
}}
* {{cite book
| author = CRC contributors
| title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
| editor-first = David R.|editor-last = Lide
| edition = 87th
| year = 2006
| publisher = CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
| isbn = 978-0-8493-0487-3
| ref = {{sfnRef|CRC|2006}}
}}
* {{cite book
| title = The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements
|url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp
| publisher = Reinhold Book Corporation
|publisher = Reinhold Book Corporation
| year = 1968
|year = 1968
| editor-last = Hampel|editor-first = Clifford A.
|editor-last = Hampel|editor-first = Clifford A.
| last = Cunningham
|last = Cunningham
| first = B. B.
|first = B. B.
| coauthors =
|coauthors =
| chapter = Californium
| pages=
| ref = harv
| lccn = 68-29938
}}
* {{cite book
| title = The Elements
| last = Emsley
| first = John
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 1998
| isbn = 978-0-19-855818-7
| pages =
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qgYpAAAAYAAJ
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| title = Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements
| last = Emsley
| first = John
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 2001
| isbn = 978-0-19-850340-8
| chapter = Californium
| pages =
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Yhi5X7OwuGkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Greenwood
| first = N. N.
| coauthors = Earnshaw, A.
| title = Chemistry of the Elements
| edition = 2nd
| publisher = Butterworth-Heinemann
| year = 1997
| isbn = 978-0-7506-3365-9
| page =
| chapter =
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| title = The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements
| editor1-first = Lester R.
| editor1-last = Morss|editor2-first = Norman M.
| editor2-last = Edelstein
| editor3-last = Fuger|editor3-first = Jean
| last = Haire|first = Richard G.
| chapter = Californium
| publisher = Springer Science+Business Media
| year = 2006
| isbn = 978-1-4020-3555-5
| edition = 3rd
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Heiserman
| first = David L.
| year = 1992
| title = Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds
| publisher = TAB Books
| isbn = 978-0-8306-3018-9
| chapter = Element 98: Californium
| ref = harv
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=24l-Cpal9oIC
}}
* {{cite book
| others = trans. rev. Eagleson, Mary
| editor1-first = Hans-Dieter | editor1-last = Jakubke
| editor2-first = Hans | editor2-last = Jeschkeit
| title = Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry
| publisher = Walter de Gruyter
| year = 1994
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Owuv-c9L_IMC&printsec=frontcover
| isbn = 978-3-11-011451-5
| ref = {{sfnRef|Jakubke|1994}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Krebs
| first = Robert
| title = The History and Use of our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide
|url = https://archive.org/details/historyuseofoure0000kreb
| year = 2006
|year = 2006
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
|publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| isbn = 978-0-313-33438-2
|isbn = 978-0-313-33438-2
| ref = harv
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| title = Radiation Source Use and Replacement: Abbreviated Version
| author = National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Radiation Source Use and Replacement
| year = 2008
| publisher = National Academies Press
| ref = {{sfnRef|NRC|2008}}
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=3cT2REdXJ98C&printsec=frontcover
| isbn = 978-0-309-11014-3
}}
* {{cite book
| editor1-last = O'Neil|editor1-first = Marydale J.
| editor2-last = Heckelman|editor2-first = Patricia E.
| editor3-last = Roman|editor3-first = Cherie B.
| title = The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals
| edition = 14th
| publisher = Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co.
| year = 2006
| isbn = 978-0-911910-00-1
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=kEYfRAAACAAJ
| ref = {{sfnRef|O'Neil|2006}}
}}
* {{cite journal
Baris 165 ⟶ 171:
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Ruiz-Lapuente
| first1 = P.
| last2 = Canal
| first2 = R.
| last3 = Isern
| first3 = J.
| year = 1996
| title = Thermonuclear Supernovae
| publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]]
| isbn = 978-0-7923-4359-2
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=I6Rl1VAAX3QC
| ref = {{sfnRef|Ruiz-Lapuente|1996}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Seaborg|first1 = Glenn T.
| last2 = Loveland|first2 = Walter D.
| title = The Elements Beyond Uranium
| publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
| year = 1990
| isbn = 978-0-471-89062-1
| ref = {{sfnRef|Seaborg|1990}}
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=QFhRAAAAMAAJ
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Seaborg
| first = G. T.
| year = 1994
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=e53sNAOXrdMC&pg=PA245
| title = Modern alchemy: selected papers of Glenn T. Seaborg
| publisher = World Scientific
| isbn = 978-981-02-1440-1
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Seaborg
| first = G. T.
| year = 1996
| editor = Adloff, J. P.
| title = One Hundred Years after the Discovery of Radioactivity
| publisher = Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag
| isbn = 978-3-486-64252-0
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=whGiCQywLi8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
| ref = harv
}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
| last = Seaborg | first = Glenn T.
Baris 222 ⟶ 228:
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Szwacki | first1 = Nevill Gonzalez
| last2 = Szwacka | first2 = Teresa
| title = Basic Elements of Crystallography
| publisher = Pan Stanford
| year = 2010
| isbn = 978-981-4241-59-5
| url = http://www.scribd.com/doc/39588027/Basic-Elements-of-Crystallography
| ref= {{sfnRef|Szwacki|2010}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Weeks
| first = Mary Elvira
| coauthor = Leichester, Henry M.
| year = 1968
| title = Discovery of the Elements
|url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryofeleme07edunse
| publisher = Journal of Chemical Education
|publisher = Journal of Chemical Education
| chapter = 21: Modern Alchemy
|chapter = 21: Modern Alchemy
| pages = 848–850
|pages = [https://archive.org/details/discoveryofeleme07edunse/page/848 848]–850
| ref = harv
|ref = harv
| isbn = 978-0-7661-3872-8
| lccn = 68-15217
}}
 
Baris 255 ⟶ 262:
 
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{{kimia-stub}}
[[am:ካሊፎርኒየም]]
[[ar:كاليفورنيوم]]
[[az:Kalifornium]]
[[be:Каліфорній]]
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[[vep:Kalifornii (himine element)]]
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