Kapadokia: Perbedaan antara revisi

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| '''Location'''

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{{Infobox World Heritage Site

| Image =

| State Party = [[Turki]]

| Criteria = i, iii, v, vii

| ID = 357

| Year = 1985

| Session = 9th

| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/357

}}

 

 

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==Etymology==

The kingdom of Cappadocia was still in existence in the time of Strabo as a nominally independent state. [[Cilicia]] was the name given to the district in which [[Caesarea Mazaca|Caesarea]], the capital of the whole country, was situated. The only two cities of Cappadocia considered by Strabo to deserve that appellation were [[Caesarea Mazaca|Caesarea]] (originally known as [[Mazaca]]) and [[Tyana]], not far from the foot of the [[Taurus Mountains|Taurus]].

 

Cappadocia lies in eastern [[Anatolia]], in the center of what is now [[Turkey]]. The relief consists of a high plateau over 1000 m in altitude that is pierced by volcanic peaks, with [[Mount Erciyes]] (ancient Argaeus) near [[Kayseri]] (ancient Caesarea) being the tallest at {{Nowrap|3916 m}}. The boundaries of historical Cappadocia are vague, particularly towards the west. To the south, the Taurus Mountains form the boundary with [[Cilicia]] and separate Cappadocia from the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. To the west, Cappadocia is bounded by the historical regions of Lycaonia to the southwest, and [[Galatia]] to the northwest. The Black Sea coastal ranges separate Cappadocia from [[Pontus]] and the [[Black Sea]], while to the east Cappadocia is bounded by the upper Euphrates, before that river bends to the southeast to flow into [[Mesopotamia]], and the [[Armenian Highland]].<ref name="books.google.com"/> This results in an area approximately {{convert|400|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} east–west and {{convert|250|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} north–south. Due to its inland location and high altitude, Cappadocia has a markedly continental climate, with hot dry summers and cold snowy winters.<ref>Van Dam, R. ''Kingdom of Snow: Roman rule and Greek culture in Cappadocia.'' Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002, p.14. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Iskwzsz51KMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false]</ref> Rainfall is sparse and the region is largely semi-arid.

 

{{see also|Cappadocia (satrapy)|List of rulers of Cappadocia}}

 

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After bringing the Persian Empire to an end, [[Alexander the Great]] tried to rule the area through one of his military commanders. But Ariarathes, a Persian aristocrat, somehow became king of the Cappadocians. [[Ariarathes I of Cappadocia|Ariarathes&nbsp;I]] (332—322&nbsp;BC) was a successful ruler, and he extended the borders of the Cappadocian Kingdom as far as to the [[Black Sea]]. The kingdom of Cappadocia lived in peace until the death of Alexander. The previous empire was then divided into many parts, and Cappadocia fell to [[Eumenes]]. His claims were made good in 322&nbsp;BC by the regent [[Perdiccas]], who crucified Ariarathes; but in the dissensions which brought about Eumenes's death, the son of Ariarathes recovered his inheritance and left it to a line of successors, who mostly bore the name of the founder of the [[List of Kings of Cappadocia|dynasty]].

Under [[Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia|Ariarathes&nbsp;IV]], Cappadocia came into relations with [[Roman Republic|Rome]], first as a foe espousing the cause of [[Antiochus III the Great|Antiochus the Great]], then as an ally against [[Perseus of Macedon|Perseus]] of [[Macedon]]. The kings henceforward threw in their lot with the Republic as against the [[Seleucid Empire|Seleucids]], to whom they had been from time to time tributary. [[Ariarathes V of Cappadocia|Ariarathes&nbsp;V]] marched with the Roman [[proconsul]] [[Publius Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus]] against [[Eumenes III|Aristonicus]], a claimant to the throne of [[Pergamon]], and their forces were annihilated (130&nbsp;BC). The imbroglio which followed his death ultimately led to interference by the rising power of [[Pontus]] and the intrigues and wars which ended in the failure of the dynasty.<ref>The coinage of Cappadocian kings was quite extensive and produced by highest standards of the time. See [http://www.asiaminorcoins.com/gallery/thumbnails.php?album=288 Asia Minor Coins - regal Cappadocian coins]</ref>

 

 

In the meantime many former Cappadocians had shifted to a Turkish dialect (written in [[Greek alphabet]], ''[[Turkish language|Karamanlıca]]''), and where the [[Greek language]] was maintained (Sille, villages near Kayseri, Pharasa town and other nearby villages), it became heavily influenced by the surrounding Turkish. This dialect of Greek is known as ''[[Cappadocian Greek language|Cappadocian Greek]]''. Following the 1923 [[population exchange between Greece and Turkey]], the language is now only spoken by a handful of the former population's descendants in modern [[Greece]].

 

 

 

 

 

 

The 1983 Italian/French/Turkish film ''[[Yor, the Hunter from the Future]]'' was also filmed in Cappadocia. In the tabletop role-playing game ''[[Vampire: The Masquerade]]'', Cappadocian is an extinct clan of vampires based around Mount Erciyes. In ''[[Assassin's Creed: Revelations]]'', Cappadocia is an underground city in Turkey which is dominated by [[Templars]].

The region was used for the 1989 science fiction film ''[[Slipstream (1989 film)|Slipstream]]'' to depict a cult of wind worshippers.

In 2010 and early 2011, the film ''[[Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance]]'' also filmed in the Cappadocia region.<ref>http://spiritofvengeance.com/?tag=cappadocia</ref> The star of the film, Nicolas Cage, said he liked the area.<ref>http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=233331</ref>

 

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{{commons category|Cappadocia}}

* [[Kandovan]], Iran

 

{{wiktionary|Cappadocia}}

{{commons category|Cappadocia}}

 

{{Refimprove|date=March 2008}}

{{Reflist}}

 

{{Historical regions of Anatolia}}