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Frahat III tewas dibunuh putra-putranya, [[Orodes II dari Parthia|Werod II]] dan [[Mihrdat IV]]. Werod II selanjutnya berbalik melawan Mihrdat IV dan memaksanya mengungsi dari Mada ke [[Suriah (provinsi Romawi)|Suriah]], daerah jajahan bangsa Romawi.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=48–49}}; baca juga {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|pp=42–43}}</ref> [[Aulus Gabinius]], Prokonsul Suriah, berusaha membantu Mihrdat IV dengan mengerahkan pasukan ke Sungai Efrat, tetapi harus menarik kembali pasukannya untuk membantu [[Ptolemaios XII Auletes|Ptolomeos Avlitis]] (memerintah 80–58 & 55–51 pra-Masehi) memadamkan pemberontakan di Mesir.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=48–49}} maupun {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=94–95}} hanya sedikit menyinggung kejadian ini secara sambil lalu.</ref> Meskipun tidak dibantu bangsa Romawi, Mihrdat IV berhasil menduduki Babel, dan menerbitkan uang logam di Selefkia sampai tahun 54 pra-Masehi. Pada tahun itu, panglima bawahan Werod II, yang hanya dikenal dengan nama keluarganya, [[Suren]], merebut kembali Selefkia dan menghukum mati Mihrdat IV.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=49}}</ref>
 
[[Marcus Licinius Crassus]], salah seorang dari ketiga [[Triumvirat pertama|''triumviri'' pertama]], yang ketika itu menjadi Prokonsul Suriah, menginvasi Partia pada tahun 53 pra-Masehi dalam rangka membantu Mihrdat IV.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=49–50}}; {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|pp=42–43}}</ref> Pada saat angkatan bersenjata Romawi [[Pertempuran Carrhae|bergerak menuju Haran]], Werod II menginvasi Armenia, sehingga [[Artavasdes II dari Armenia|Rtawazda II]] (memerintah 53–34 pra-Masehi) tidak dapat mengirimkan pasukan Armenia untuk membantu Marcus Licinius Crassus. Werod II membujuk Rtawazda II untuk menjalin persekutuan dengan jalan menjodohkan Putra Mahkota Partia, [[Pakur II]] (wafat 38 pra-Masehi), dengan salah seorang saudara perempuan Rtawazda II.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=55–56}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=79}}; baca juga {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=94–95}} dan {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=12–13}}</ref><!--
 
Surena,Suren withmengerahkan ansepasukan armyprajurit entirelyyang onseluruhnya horseback,berkuda rodeuntuk tomelawan meetMarcus Licinius Crassus.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=52–55}}</ref><!-- Surena's 1,000 [[cataphract]]s (armedprajurit with lances) and 9,000 [[horse archer]]s were outnumbered roughly four to one by Crassus' army, comprising seven [[Roman legion]]s and auxiliaries including mounted [[Gaul]]s and light infantry.<ref name="bivar_1983_52">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=52}}</ref> Using a baggage train of about 1,000 camels, the Parthian army provided the horse archers with a constant supplies of arrows.<ref name="bivar_1983_52"/> The horse archers employed the "[[Parthian shot]]" tactic: feigning retreat to draw enemy out, then turning and shooting at them when exposed. This tactic, executed with heavy [[composite bow]]s on the flat plain, devastated Crassus' infantry.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=52–55}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=94–95}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=78–79}}</ref>
 
With some 20,000 Romans dead, approximately 10,000 captured, and roughly another 10,000 escaping west, Crassus fled into the Armenian countryside.<ref>{{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|pp=42–43}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=79}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=52–55}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=96}}</ref> At the head of his army, Surena approached Crassus, offering a [[parley]], which Crassus accepted. However, he was killed when one of his junior officers, suspecting a trap, attempted to stop him from riding into Surena's camp.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=52–55}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=96}}</ref> Crassus' defeat at Carrhae was one of the worst military defeats of Roman history.<ref name="kennedy_1996_78"/> Parthia's victory cemented its reputation as a formidable if not equal power with Rome.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=55–56}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=96}}</ref> With his camp followers, war captives, and precious Roman booty, Surena traveled some 700&nbsp;km (430&nbsp;mi) back to Seleucia where his victory was celebrated. However, fearing his ambitions even for the Arsacid throne, Orodes had Surena executed shortly thereafter.<ref name="kennedy_1996_78">{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=78}}</ref>
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