Kekaisaran Romawi Suci: Perbedaan antara revisi

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[[File:1512 Holy Roman Empire Germania.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.35|Personifikasi Reich sebagai [[Germania (personifikasi)|Jermania]], Lukisan karya [[:de:Jörg Kölderer|Jörg Kölderer]], tahun 1512. "Perempuan Jerman" dengan rambut terurai dan bermahkota, bersemayam di atas singgasana kekaisaran, kiasan citra diri Maximilian I selaku Raja Jerman maupun rumusan ''Kekaisaran Romawi Suci Bangsa Jerman'' (meniadakan bangsa-bangsa lain). Meskipun pada Abad Pertengahan biasanya digambarkan tunduk di bawah kekuasaan kaisar dan Italia atau Galia, kini ia diberi tempat yang paling utama di dalam [[Pawai Kemenangan]] Maximilian, diusung di depan [[c:File:Roma in Maximilian'sTriumphal Procession.jpg|Roma]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Strieder |first=Peter |date=8 May 2017 |title=Zur Entstehungsgeschichte von Dürers Ehrenpforte für Kaiser Maximilian |url=https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/azgnm/article/view/38143/31806 |journal=Anzeiger des Germanischen Nationalmuseums |pages=128–142 Seiten |doi=10.11588/azgnm.1954.0.38143 |access-date=7 Februari 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hirschi |first=Caspar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_v4iySQgnsC&pg=PA45 |title=The Origins of Nationalism: An Alternative History from Ancient Rome to Early Modern Germany |date=8 December 2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-1395-0230-6 |page=45 |language=en |access-date=7 Februari 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brandt |first=Bettina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJLM607h6jsC&pg=PA37 |title=Germania und ihre Söhne: Repräsentationen von Nation, Geschlecht und Politik in der Moderne |date=2010 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |isbn=978-3-5253-6710-0 |page=37 |language=de |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref>]]<!--
 
Kaisar Maximilian anddan Kaisar CharlesKarel V (despitemeskipun thepada factkenyataannya bothkedua emperorskaisar wereini internationalistsberjiwa personallyinternasionalis<ref>{{Cite book |last=Albert |first=Rabil Jr. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1ErEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 |title=Renaissance Humanism, VolumeJilid 2: Foundations, Forms, and Legacy |date=11 November 2016 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-1-5128-0576-5 |language=en |access-date=5 FebruaryFebruari 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Quevedo |first1=Francisco de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ciwDEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA6 |title=Francisco de Quevedo: Dreams and Discourses |last2=Britton |first2=R. K. |date=1 January 1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1-8003-4588-1 |language=en |access-date=5 FebruaryFebruari 2022}}</ref>) wereadalah thetokoh-tokoh firstyang whopertama mobilizedkali the rhetoric ofmengangkat thewacana Nationbangsa, firmly identified with the Reich by the contemporary humanists.{{Sfn|Whaley|2011|p=278}} With encouragement from Maximilian and his humanists, iconic spiritual figures were reintroduced or became notable. The humanists rediscovered the work ''[[Germania (book)|Germania]]'', written by Tacitus. According to Peter H. Wilson, the female figure of [[Germania (personification)|Germania]] was reinvented by the emperor as the virtuous pacific Mother of Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.{{Sfn|Wilson|2016|p=263}} Whaley further suggests that, despite the later religious divide, "patriotic motifs developed during Maximilian's reign, both by Maximilian himself and by the humanist writers who responded to him, formed the core of a national political culture."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Whaley |first=Joachim |date=2009 |title=Whaley on Silver, 'Marketing Maximilian: the Visual Ideology of a Holy Roman Emperor' {{!}} H-German {{!}} H-Net |url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/35008/reviews/45722/whaley-silver-marketing-maximilian-visual-ideology-holy-roman-emperor |journal=Networks.h-net.org |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref>
 
Maximilian's reign also witnessed the gradual emergence of the German common language, with the notable roles of the imperial chancery and the chancery of the Wettin Elector [[Frederick III, Elector of Saxony|Frederick the Wise]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tennant |first1=Elaine C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdIDcGyUcN4C&pg=PA3 |title=The Habsburg Chancery Language in Perspective, Volume 114 |last2=Johnson |first2=Carroll B. |date=1985 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-5200-9694-3 |pages=1, 3, 9 |access-date=21 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927161255/https://books.google.com/books?id=JdIDcGyUcN4C&pg=PA3 |archive-date=27 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wiesinger |first=Peter |title=Die Entwicklung der deutschen Schriftsprache vom 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert unter dem Einfluss der Konfessionen |url=http://www.e-scoala.ro/germana/peter_wiesinger.html |url-status=dead |journal=Zeitschrift der Germanisten Rumäniens (ZGR) |issue=17–18 / 2000 (9th year) |pages=155–162 |doi=10.1515/jbgsg-2018-0014 |s2cid=186566355 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123112609/http://www.e-scoala.ro/germana/peter_wiesinger.html |archive-date=23 January 2008 |access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> The development of the printing industry together with the emergence of the postal system ([[Kaiserliche Reichspost|the first modern one in the world]]<ref name="Meinel 2014 31">{{Cite book |last1=Meinel |first1=Christoph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5O25BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 |title=Digital Communication: Communication, Multimedia, Security |last2=Sack |first2=Harald |date=2014 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-6425-4331-9 |page=31 |access-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926235052/https://books.google.com/books?id=5O25BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 |archive-date=26 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>), initiated by Maximilian himself with contribution from Frederick III and [[Charles the Bold]], led to a revolution in communication and allowed ideas to spread. Unlike the situation in more centralized countries, the decentralized nature of the Empire made censorship difficult.<ref name="Metzig">{{Cite book |last=Metzig |first=Gregor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MiyXDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 |title=Kommunikation und Konfrontation: Diplomatie und Gesandtschaftswesen Kaiser Maximilians I. (1486–1519) |date=21 November 2016 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-1104-5673-8 |pages=98, 99 |language=de |access-date=29 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Hamish M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vL8DCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Early Modern European History, 1350-1750 |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-1995-9725-3 |page=173 |language=en |access-date=12 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Headrick |first=Daniel R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRBPvOAiQmUC&pg=PA184 |title=When Information Came of Age: Technologies of Knowledge in the Age of Reason and Revolution, 1700–1850 |date=28 December 2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-1980-3108-6 |page=184 |language=en |access-date=12 December 2021}}</ref>{{Sfn|Whaley|2011|p=370}}