Kekhanan Uighur: Perbedaan antara revisi

|conventional_long_name = KekhagananKekhanan UyghurUighur

|common_name = KekhagananKekhanan UyghurUighur

|continent = Asia

|region = Asia Tengah

|status = Kekhaganan

|government_type = Monarki

|capital = Ordu Baliq

|religion = [[Maniisme]]

|common_languages = [[Bahasa UyghurUighur Kuno]]

|year_start = 744

|year_end = 840<ref name="ca">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102315/history-of-Central-Asia/73536/Reunification#73538 History of Central Asia]</ref>

|p1 = Kekhaganan Turkik Kedua

|flag_p1 = Gok1Flag of the Göktürks Khaganate.pngsvg

|p2 = Turgesh

|flag_p2 =

|s1 = Kekhanan Kara-Khanid

|flag_s1 =

|s2 = Yenisei Kirghiz

|flag_s2 =

|image_flag = Flag of Uyghur KhganateKhaganate Flag(16 Great Turkic Empires) 1.jpgsvg <!--<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bughra|first1=Muhammad amin|title=East Turkestan history|date=1940|location=Kabul, Afghanistan}}</ref> (commented out, as ref messes up the infobox)-->

|image_map = Uyghur_khaganat_larger_expansion.png

|image_caption =

|title_leader = Khagan Uyghur

|leader1 = Qutlugh Bilge Köl

|year_leader1 = 744–747

|leader2 = Öge Khan

|year_leader2 = 841–847

|stat_year1 = 800<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Turchin|first1=Peter|last2=Adams|first2=Jonathan M.|last3=Hall|first3=Thomas D |title = East-West Orientation of Historical Empires |journal = Journal of world-systems research|date=December 2006|volume=12|issue=2|pages=219–229|url=http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol12/number2/pdf/jwsr-v12n2-tah.pdf|accessdate=9 January 2012|archive-date=2007-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222011511/http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol12/number2/pdf/jwsr-v12n2-tah.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): 475–504.</ref>

|stat_area1 = 3000000

'''Kekhanan Uighur''' atau '''Kekhaganan UyghurUighur''' (disebut juga '''Kekaisaran UyghurUighur''' atau '''Negeri Toquz Oghuz''') ({{lang-mn|Уйгурын хаант улс}}, nama pada masa [[Dinasti Tang]]: {{CJKV|t=回鶻|s=回鹘|p=Huíhú}} atau {{CJKV|t=回紇|s=回纥|p=Huíhé}}) adalah sebuah [[khagan|kekhaganan]] (kekaisaran) [[bangsa Turk|Turk]]<ref>''China's last Nomads: the history and culture of China's Kazaks'' Linda Benson, Ingvar Svanberg Edition illustrated, M.E. Sharpe, 1998, ISBN 1-56324-782-8, ISBN 978-1-56324-782-8. p.16-19</ref> yang berdiri selama kurang lebih seabad pada akhir abad ke-8 dan awal abad ke-9. Negeri ini merupakan konfederasi suku-suku di bawah kepemimpinan para bangsawan Orkhon Uyghur (回鶻) (di [[Tiongkok]] disebut ''Jiu Xing'' atau "Sembilan Klan").<ref>{{Cite book|title = The history of East Turkestan|last = Bughra|first = Imin|publisher = Istanbul publications|year = 1983|isbn = |location = First publication Kabul, Second proper publication Istanbul|pages = 50–51}}</ref>

Pada tahun 742, orang-orang UyghurUighur, [[Karluk]], dan [[Basmyl]] memberontak melawan [[Göktürk]] yang berkuasa pada saat itu.<ref name="mackerras">{{citation|last = MacKerras|first = Colin |chapter = Chapter 12 - The Uighurs |year = 1990|title = The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia|editor-last = Sinor|editor-first = Denis|pages = 317–342 |publisher = Cambridge University Press|isbn = 0 521 24304 1}}</ref> Basmyl merebut ibukotaibu kota Göktürk di [[Otukan]] dan menawan Raja Göktürk Özmish Khan pada tahun 744, sehingga Basmyl mengambil alih kekuasaan di wilayah tersebut. Namun, aliansi UyghurUighur-Karluk melawan Basmyl dibentuk pada tahun yang sama. Koalisi ini berhasil mengalahkan Basmyl dan memenggal raja mereka. Suku-suku Basmyl dihancurkan, dan rakyatnya dijual ke orang-orang Tiongkok atau dibagikan oleh para pemenang. Pemimpin UyghurUighur menjadi [[khagan]] di Mongolia dan penguasa Karluk menjadi [[yabgu]]. Namun, kurang dari setahun kemudian, permusuhan antara UyghurUighur dan Karluk memaksa Karluk untuk bermigrasi ke wilayah [[Turgesh]] di barat.<ref name="sinor">{{citation|last = Golden|first = Peter. B.|chapter = Chapter 13 - The Karakhanids and Early Islam|year = 1990|title = The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia|editor-last = Sinor|editor-first = Denis|pages = 349|publisher = Cambridge University Press|isbn = 0 521 24304 1}}</ref>

* {{citation|last = Mackerras|first = Colin |chapter = Chapter 12 - The Uighurs |year = 1990|title = The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia|editor-last = Sinor|editor-first = Denis|pages = 317–342 |publisher = Cambridge University Press|isbn = 0 521 24304 1}}

* Mackerras, Colin, The Uighur Empire: According to the T'ang Dynastic Histories, A Study in Sino-Uighur Relations, 744-840. Publisher: Australian National University Press, 1972. 226 pages, ISBN 0-7081-0457-6

* Jiu Tangshu (舊唐書) [[Old Book of Tang]] [https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7195 Chapter 195] (in Chinese)

* Xin Tangshu (新唐書) [[New Book of Tang]], chapter 217, [https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7217%E4%B8%8A part 1] and [https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7217%E4%B8%8B part 2] (in Chinese). Translation in English [http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/tangshu/tangshu.html here] (most of part 1 and beginning of part 2).

* [https://archive.org/details/diechinesischei00schlgoog Die chinesische Inschrift auf dem uigurischen Denkmal in Kara Balgassun (1896)]