Kerajaan Ayutthaya: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Tanpa referensi|date=November 2023}}{{Infobox Former Country
| native_name = อาณาจักรอยุธยา
| conventional_long_name = Kerajaan Ayutthaya
| common_name = Kerajaan Ayutthaya
| continent = Asia
| region = [[Asia Tenggara]]
| country = Thailand
| era = [[Abad Pertengahan]] & [[Abad Pencerahan]]
| status =
| event_start = Raja Ramathibodi I naik tahta
| year_start = 1351
| date_start =
| event_end = Kejatuhan kedua
| year_end = 1767
| date_end =
| event1 = Penggabugan dengan [[Kerajaan Sukhothai]]
| date_event1 = 1468
| event2 = Kejatuhan pertama
| date_event2 = 1569
| event3 = Naresuan menyatakan merdeka dari Burmese
| date_event3 = 1583
| event4 = Akhir dari dinasti Sukhothai
| date_event4 = 1629
|
| p1 = Kerajaan Sukhothai
| p2 = Kerajaan
|
| s1 = Kerajaan Thonburi
| flag_s1 = Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg
| s2 = Kerajaan Khmer
| flag_s2 = Flag of Cambodia (pre-1863).svg
| image_flag = Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg
| flag = List_of_Thai_flags#Historical flags
| flag_type = Bendera
| image_coat = Seal of Ayutthaya (King Narai)
| national_anthem = [[Sansoen Phra Narai]]
| image_map
| image_map_caption = Reruntuhan pagoda Wat Mahatat, di taman bersejarah Ayutthaya, Thailand
| capital = [[Ayutthaya (kota)|Ayutthaya]]
| common_languages = [[Bahasa Thailand|Thailand]]
| religion = [[Buddha Theravada]],{{br}} [[Katolik Roma]], [[Islam]]
| government_type = Monarki
| leader1 = [[Ramathibodi I]]
| year_leader1 = 1351-1369
| leader2 = [[Naresuan]]
| year_leader2 = 1590-1605
| leader3 = [[Narai]]
| year_leader3 = 1656-1688
| leader4 = [[
| year_leader4 = 1758-1767
| title_leader = [[Raja]]
| legislature = [[Chatu Sabombh]]
| flag_caption = Bendera tahun 1680-1767
| flag_border = Bendera tahun 1680-1767
| symbol_type = Segel
}}
'''Kerajaan Ayutthaya''' ({{IPAc-en|ɑː|ˈ|j|uː|t|ə|j|ə}}; {{lang-th|อยุธยา}}, {{rtgs|''Ayutthaya''}}, {{IPA-th|ʔā.jút.tʰā.jāː|pron|Ayutthaya Pronunciation (TH).ogg}}; juga dieja "Ayudhya" atau "[[Ayodhya]]") merupakan kerajaan bangsa [[Suku Thai|Thai]] yang berdiri pada kurun waktu 1351 sampai 1767 [[Masehi|M]]. Nama Ayyuthaya diambil dari '''Ayodhya''', nama kerajaan yang dipimpin oleh Sri [[Rama]], tokoh dalam [[Ramayana]]. Pada tahun 1350 Raja Ramathibodi I (Uthong) mendirikan Ayyuthaya sebagai ibu kota kerajaannya dan mengalahkan dinasti [[Kerajaan Sukhothai]], yaitu 640 km ke arah utara, pada tahun 1376.
Baris 63 ⟶ 66:
Peninggalan yang cukup menarik dari kota tua Ayutthaya hanyalah puing-puing reruntuhan istana kerajaan. Raja Taksin lalu mendirikan ibu kota baru di [[Thonburi]], yang terletak di seberang sungai [[Chao Phraya]] berhadapan dengan ibu kota yang sekarang, [[Bangkok]]. Peninggalan kota bersejarah Ayutthaya dan kota-kota bersejarah sekitarnya yang terdapat pada lingkungan [[Taman Bersejarah Ayutthaya]] telah dimasukkan oleh [[UNESCO]] sebagai [[Warisan Dunia UNESCO]]. [[Ayutthaya|Kota Ayutthaya]] yang baru kemudian didirikan di dekat lokasi kota lama, dan sekarang merupakan ibu kota dari [[Provinsi Ayutthaya]].
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== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
=== Karya-karya umum ===
* {{cite book |author=Bhawan Ruangsilp|title=Dutch East India Company Merchants at the Court of Ayutthaya: Dutch Perceptions of the Thai Kingdom, Ca. 1604–1765|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0xBGwFrYnaMC&q=774+787+srivijaya|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-15600-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=Chrystall |first1=Beatrice |title=Connections Without Limit: The Refiguring of the Buddha in the Jinamahanidana |date=2004 |publisher=Harvard University |location=Cambridge |type=Dissertation}}
* {{cite book |last1=Listopad |first1=John A |title=The Art and Architecture of the Reign of Somdet Phra Narai |date=1995 |publisher=University of Michigan |location=Ann Arbor |type=Dissertation}}
* {{cite book |last1=Peerapun |first1=Wannasilpa |title=The Economic Impact of Historic Sites on the Economy of Ayutthaya, Thailand |date=1991 |publisher=University of Akron |type=Dissertation}}
* {{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=George V |title=The Dutch East India Company in the Kingdom of Ayutthaya, 1604–1694 |date=1974 |publisher=Northern Illinois University |type=Dissertation}}
* {{cite book |last=Smithies |first= Michael |title=A Siamese Embassy Lost in Africa 1686: The Odyssey of Ok-Khun Chamman.|location= Chiang Mai |publisher=Silkworm Books |date=1999 |isbn=978-974-710-095-2}}
=== <span id="Chronicles"></span>''Riwayat Kerajaan Ayutthaya''===
Disini ada 18 versi dari ''Riwayat Kerajaan Ayutthaya'' (''Phongsawadan Krung Si Ayutthaya'') yang diketahui para sarjana. See: {{cite book|last=Wyatt|first=David K.|title=Chronicle of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya|publisher=The Center for East Asian Cultural Studies for UNESCO, The Toyo Bunko|location=Tokyo|year=1999|pages=Introduction, 14|isbn=978-4-89656-613-0}}.
* Fifteenth-Century Fragment – [http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_065_1b_Vickery_2K125FragmentLostChronicleOfAyutthaya.pdf Michael Vickery version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610230239/http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_065_1b_Vickery_2K125FragmentLostChronicleOfAyutthaya.pdf |date=2015-06-10 }}(in English and Thai) and [https://web.archive.org/web/20130512211512/http://www.thapra.lib.su.ac.th/thesis/showthesis_th.asp?id=0000004152 Ubonsi Atthaphan version in pp.215-231] (in Thai)
* Van Vliet Chronicle (1640) – Translated and compiled by the Dutch merchant. The original Thai manuscripts disappeared.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130512195328/http://www.thapra.lib.su.ac.th/dbcollection/rarebook/showrarebook.asp?id=80 The Luang Prasoet Version] (1680) – Ayutthaya History (in Thai)
* CS 1136 Version (1774)
* The Nai (Nok) Kaeo Version (1782) – [https://web.archive.org/web/20130512211512/http://www.thapra.lib.su.ac.th/thesis/showthesis_th.asp?id=0000004152 in pp.232-244] (in Thai)
* CS 1145 Version (1783)
* [ ''Sanggitiyavamsa''] – Pali chronicle compiled by Phra Phonnarat, generally discussing Buddhism History of Thailand.
* CS 1157 Version of Phan Chanthanumat (1795)
* Thonburi Chronicle (1795)
* Somdet Phra Phonnarat Version (1795) – Thought to be identical to Bradley Version below.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005184448/http://www.ebookstou.org/readonline/Default.aspx?bid=1 ''Culayuddhakaravamsa'' Vol.2 – Pali chronicle.] – includes other three versions of the chronicle.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185033/http://www.ayutthayastudies.aru.ac.th/content/view/139/64/ Phra Chakraphatdiphong (Chat) Version (1808)] (in Thai)
* Brith Museum Version (1807)
* Wat Ban Thalu Version (1812)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005184448/http://www.ebookstou.org/readonline/Default.aspx?bid=1 ''Culayuddhakaravamsa'' Sermon (1820) .] – includes other three versions of the chronicle.
* Bradley or Two-Volume Version (1864) – formerly called Krom Phra [[Paramanuchit]] Chinorot Version. [Vol. 1] [Vol. 2] [Vol. 3] or [https://web.archive.org/web/20130512201102/http://www.thapra.lib.su.ac.th/dbcollection/rarebook/showrarebook.asp?id=296 Vol.1] [ Vol.2]
* [http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_061_1c_Wyatt_AbridgedChronicleOfAyudhyaOfPrinceParamanuchitchinorot.pdf Pramanuchit's Abridged Version (1850)] {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_061_1c_Wyatt_AbridgedChronicleOfAyudhyaOfPrinceParamanuchitchinorot.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} (in English)
* Royal Autograph Version (1855) – [http://dl.kids-d.org/handle/123456789/2626 Vol. 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003235909/http://dl.kids-d.org/handle/123456789/2626 |date=2018-10-03 }}, [http://dl.kids-d.org/handle/123456789/2627 Vol. 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003234657/http://dl.kids-d.org/handle/123456789/2627 |date=3 October 2018 }}
Some of these are available in Cushman, Richard D. (2000). ''The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya: A Synoptic Translation'', edited by David K. Wyatt. Bangkok: [[The Siam Society]].
=== Kesaksian Burma ===
These are Burmese historical accounts of Ayutthaya.
* [[Kham Hai Kan Chao Krung Kao]] (''Lit.'' Testimony of inhabitants of Old Capital (i.e., Ayutthaya))
* [[Kham Hai Kan Khun Luang Ha Wat]] (''Lit.'' Testimony of the "King who Seeks a Temple" (nickname of King Uthumphon)) – [http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1931/JSS_028_2d_PrinceVivadhanajaya_StatementOfKhunLuangHaWat.pdf An English translation.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231942/http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1931/JSS_028_2d_PrinceVivadhanajaya_StatementOfKhunLuangHaWat.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}
* Palm Leaf Manuscripts No.11997 of the Universities Central Library Collection or ''Yodaya Yazawin'' – Available in English in Tun Aung Chain tr. (2005) ''Chronicle of Ayutthaya'', Yangon: Myanmar Historical Commission
=== Kesaksian barat ===
* ''Second Voyage du Pere Tachard et des Jesuites envoyes par le Roi au Royaume de Siam.'' Paris: Horthemels, 1689.
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Ayutthaya Kingdom}}
* Online Collection: [http://dlxs.library.cornell.edu/s/sea/ Southeast Asia Visions Collection by Cornell University Library]
* [http://ayutthaya-history.com/index.html Ayutthaya Historical Research]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Thailand]]
[[Kategori:Kerajaan di Asia Tenggara|Ayyuthaya, Kerajaan]]
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