Kesultanan Seljuk Raya: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{infobox former country
| native_name = ''Büyük Selçuklu Devleti''<br>دولت سلجوقیان<br>''Dawlat-i Saljūqiān''
| conventional_long_name = Seljuk Raya
| common_name = Great Seljuqs
| continent = Asia
| region = the Middle East
| government_type = Monarki
| status =
| year_start = 1037
| year_end = 1194
| event_start = [[Tughril]] mendirikan sistem negara
| event_end = Diganti oleh [[Kekaisaran Khwarezmia]]<ref>Grousset, Rene, ''The Empire of the Steppes'', (New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1988),159,161; "In 1194, Togrul III would succumb to the onslaught of the Khwarizmian Turks, who were destined at last to succeed the Seljuks to the empire of the Middle East."</ref>
| image_flag = Flag of the Seljuk.png
| flag_type =
| image_coat = Seljuk Empire.png
| image_map = Seljuk Empire (greatest extent).svg
| image_map_caption = Kekaisaran Seljuk Raya tahun 1092.
| capital = [[Nishapur]]<br><small>(1037–1043)</small><br> [[Rey, Iran|Rey]]<br><small>(1043–1051)</small><br>[[Isfahan]]<br><small>(1051–1118)</small><br> [[Hamadan]], <small>Ibukota barat</small> <small>(1118–1194)</small><br> [[Merv]], <small>ibukota timur</small> <small>(1118–1153)
| title_leader = [[Dinasti Seljuk|Sultan]] atau [[Shah]]
| leader1 = [[Tughril|Toghrul I]]
| year_leader1 = 1037–1063
| leader2 = [[Toghrul III dari Seljuk|Toghrul III]] <ref>''A New General Biographical Dictionary'', Vol.2, Ed. Hugh James Rose, (London, 1853), 214.</ref><ref>Grousset, Rene, ''The Empire of the Steppes'', (New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1988), 167.</ref>
| year_leader2 =
| stat_year1 = 1080 est.
| stat_area1 = 3900000
| common_languages = *[[Bahasa Persia|Persia]] <ref name="ReferenceA">Savory, R. M. and Roger Savory, ''Introduction to Islamic civilisation'', (Cambridge University Press, 1976 ), 82.</ref><ref>Black, Edwin, ''Banking on Baghdad: inside Iraq's 7,000-year history of war, profit and conflict'', (John Wiley and sons, 2004), 38.</ref><ref name="Bosworth">C.E. Bosworth, "Turkish Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO HISTORY OF HUMANITY, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkish must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time)</ref>
*[[Bahasa Arab|Arab]] (language of scholarship,<ref name="ReferenceA"/> science and theology<ref name="Bosworth" />)
*[[Bahasa Oghuz|Oghuz Turkish]]<ref name="Bosworth" /><ref>''Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world'', Ed. Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie, (Elsevier Ltd., 2009), 1110;''Oghuz Turkic is first represented by Old Anatolian Turkish which was a subordinate written medium until the end of the Seljuk rule.".</ref> (spoken in everyday speech and by the military and ruling elite)
| p1 = Kekaisaran Ghaznaviyah
| flag_p1 = Ghaznavid Empire 975 - 1187 (AD).PNG
| p2 = Dinasti Buyiyah
| flag_p2 = Buyids 970.png
| p3 = Sajids
| flag_p3 = IranianSajidMap.png
| p4 = Dinasti Sallariyah
| flag_p4 = IranianSallaridMap.png
| s1 = Dinasti Ghuriyah
| flag_s1 = Ghurids1200.png
| s2 = Kekaisaran Khwarezmia
| flag_s2 = Khwarezmian Empire 1190 - 1220 (AD).PNG
| s3 = Kesultanan Rum
| s4 = Dinasti Ayyubiyyah
| s5 = Atabegs of Azerbaijan
| s6 = Dinasti Burid
| s7 = Dinasti Zengid
| s8 = Danishmends
| s9 = Dinasti Artuqid
| s10 = Saltukids
| today = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=Countries today|
{{flag|Afghanistan}}|{{flag|Armenia}}|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}|{{flag|China}}|{{flag|Egypt}}|{{flag|Georgia}}|{{flag|Iran}}|{{flag|Iraq}}|{{flag|Israel}}|{{flag|Jordan}}|{{flag| Kazakhstan}}|{{flag|Kuwait}}|{{flag| Kyrgyzstan}}|{{flag|Lebanon}}|{{flag|Nagorno-Karabakh}}|{{flag|Oman}}|{{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Palestinian Authority]]|{{flag|Russia}}|{{flag| Saudi Arabia}}|{{flag|Syria}}|{{flag| Tajikistan}}|{{flag|Turkey}}|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}|{{flag|UAE}}|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}|{{flag|Yemen}}
}}
| image_map2 = Seljuk Empire locator map.svg
| image_map2_caption = Wilayah terluas dibawah kekuasaan Malik Shah I }} {{Sejarah Iran}}
'''Kekaisaran Seljuk Raya''' atau '''Kekaisaran Seljuk Agung''' adalah imperium [[Islam]] [[Sunni]] abad pertengahan yang pernah menguasai wilayah dari [[Hindu Kush]] sampai [[Anatolia]] timur dan dari [[Asia Tengah]] sampai [[Teluk Persia]]. Dari tempat awal mereka di [[Laut Aral]], Seljuk bergerak pertama ke [[Khorasan Besar|Khorasan]] dan lalu ke [[Iran Besar|Persia daratan]] sebelum menguasai Anatolia timur. Kekaisaran ini didirikan oleh [[Dinasti Seljuk]].
Baris 63 ⟶ 65:
Sepeninggal [[Thugrul Bey|Tughrul Bey]] ''Rahimahullah'' '''(455 H/1063 M)''', [[daulah Seljuk]] berturut-turut diperintah oleh :
# [[
# [[
# [[Mahmud
# [[Barkiyaruq]] '''(487 -498 H/1 094-1103)''',
# [[Maliksyah II]] '''(498 H/ 1103 M)''',
# [[Abu Syuja' Muhammad]] '''(498-511 H/11 03-1117 M)''',dan
# [[Abu Harits Sanjar]] '''(511-522H/1117-1128 M)'''.
# Dawud '''(522-526H/1128-1132M)'''
# [[Thugril II]] '''(526-528H/1132-1135)'''
# [[Masud]] '''(1135-1152M)'''
# [[Maliksyah III]] '''(1152-1153M)'''
# Muhammad II '''(1153-1159M)'''
# [[Suleimansyah]] '''(1159-1160M)'''
# [[Arslan Syah]] '''(1160-1176M)'''
# [[Tugril III]] '''(1176-1191M,1192-1194M)'''
# [[Qizil Arslan]] '''(1191M)'''
#
Pemerintahan Seljuk ini dikenal dengan nama al-Salajiqah al-Kubra (Seljuk Besar atau Seljuk Agung). Disamping itu, ada beberapa pemerintahan Seljuk lainnya di beberapa daerah sebagaimana disebutkan terdahulu. Pada masa [[Alparslan|Alparslan]] Rahimahullah perluasan daerah yang sudah dimulai oleh [[Thugrul Bey|Tugrul Bey]] Rahimahullah dilanjutkan ke arah barat sampai pusat kebudayaan [[Romawi]] di [[Asia Kecil]], yaitu [[Bizantium]]. Peristiwa penting dalam gerakan ekspansi ini adalah apa yang dikenal dengan ''[[pertempuran Manzikert]]''. Tentara [[Alparslan]] Rahimahullah berhasil mengalahkan tentara [[Romawi]] yang besar yang terdiri dari tentara [[Romawi]], [[Ghuz]], [[al-Akraj]], [[al-Hajr]], [[Prancis]], dan [[Armenia]]. Dengan dikuasainya [[Manzikert]] tahun '''1071 M''' itu, terbukalah peluang baginya untuk melakukan gerakan penturkian (turkification) di [[Asia Kecil]]. Gerakan ini dimulai dengan mengangkat [[Sulaiman ibn Qutlumish]], keponakan [[Alparslan]], sebagai gubernur di daerah ini. Pada tahun '''1077 M (470 H)''', didirikanlah kesultanan [[Seljuk Ruum]] dengan ibu kotanya [[Iconim]]. Sementara itu putera Arselan, Tutush ''Rahimahullah'', berhasil mendirikan dinasti Seljuk di [[Syria]] pada tahun '''1094 M/487 H'''.
Baris 95 ⟶ 107:
# [[Alp Arselan]] ''Rahimahullah'' '''(455-465 H/1063-1072)''',
# [[Malik Syah I|Maliksyah]] '''(465-485 H/1072-1092)''',
# [[Mahmud
# [[Barkiyaruq]] '''(487 -498 H/1 094-1103)''',
# [[Maliksyah II]] '''(498 H/ 1103 M)''',
# [[Muhammad I Tapar|Abu Syuja' Muhammad]] '''(498-511 H/11 03-1117 M)''',dan
# [[Ahmad Sanjar|Abu Harits Sanjar]] '''(511-522H/1117-
# Dawud '''(
#[[Tughril II]] '''(526-529H/1132-1135M)'''
#Masud '''(1135-1152M)'''
#[[Maliksyah II]] '''(1152-1153M)'''
#Muhammad II '''(1153-1159M)'''
#[[Suleimansyah]] '''(1159-1160M)'''
#[[Arslan Syah]] '''(1160-1176M)'''
#[[Tugril III]] '''(1176-1194M)'''
== Referensi ==
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