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{{under construction}}{{short description|Lagu kebangsaan Jepang}}
{{Infobox anthem
|title={{lang|ja|{{ruby|君|きみ}}が{{ruby|代|よ}}}}
|transcription = ''Kimigayo''
|indonesian_title =Kekuasaan DikauYang Mulia
|image = Kimigayo.score.svg{{!}}border
|image_size =
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}}
{{nihongo|'''Kimigayo'''<ref>Kamus Kanji Modern Jepang-Indonesia (Nelson) menulisnya ''Kimigayo'', begitu pula dengan MOFA dan [https://www.id.emb-japan.go.jp/expljp_12.html situs pemerintah Jepang]. Alternatif penulisan menurut Kamus Jepang-Indonesia (Matsuura) adalah ''Kimi-ga-yo'', di mana tanda - berarti boleh ada spasi. Alih aksara bahasa Jepang tidak mengatur kapitalisasi dan spasi.</ref>|[[wikt:君が代|君が代]]||{{IPA-ja|kimiɡajo|language}}; "Kekuasaan Yang Mulia"}} adalah [[lagu kebangsaan]] [[Jepang]]. Liriknya termasuk yang tertua di dunia. Dengan panjang lirik hanya 30 aksara, menjadikannya sebagai lagu kebangsaan terpendek di dunia. Liriknya berasal dari sebuah antologi ''[[Waka (puisi)|waka]]'' [[zaman Heian]] berjudul ''[[Kokin Wakashū]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=「君が代」の歴史的変遷|url=https://www.dwc.doshisha.ac.jp/research/faculty_column/11583|website=同志社女子大学|access-date=2021-03-29}}</ref> Melodinya digubah pada tahun 1880 untuk menggantikan melodi usang yang dibuat oleh [[John William Fenton]] 11 tahun sebelumnya.
 
Sejak tahun 1888 hingga 1945, Kimigayo berstatus sebagai lagu kebangsaan [[Kekaisaran Jepang]]. Setelah [[menyerahnya Jepang|Jepang menyerah pada Sekutu]], Jepang berubah menjadi [[Sistem parlementer|negara berparlemen]]. Kedaulatan yang awalnya di tangan kaisar kini berada di tangan rakyat. Walau begitu, kedudukan Kimigayo sebagai lagu kebangsaan ''de facto'' terus berlanjut hingga tahun 1999. Pada tahun 1999, [[Diet Jepang]] mengesahkan UU no. 127 tentang Bendera dan Lagu Kebangsaan yang secara resmi mengakui [[Bendera Jepang|Hinomaru]] dan Kimigayo sebagai Bendera dan Lagu Kebangsaan Jepang.
 
==Etimologi==
Sejak [[zaman Heian]], kata ''kimi'' merujuk pada seorang kaisar atau penguasa (tuan).<ref name="Kōjien">新村出記念財団(1998). A dictionary of [[Japanese language|language]] 『広辞苑』 ("''Kōjien''"), 5th edition. Published by [http://www.iwanami.co.jp/ Iwanami Shoten, Publishers].</ref><ref name="Furuta">{{cite web|url=http://www.furutasigaku.jp/jfuruta/jwagakim/jwagaki1.html |script-title=ja:君が代の源流 |website=Furuta's Historical Science Association |language=ja |access-date=2008-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529041318/http://www.furutasigaku.jp/jfuruta/jwagakim/jwagaki1.html |archive-date=2013-05-29}} {{cite web |url=http://www.furutasigaku.jp/efuruta/ewagakim/ewagaki.html |title=Inside "Kimigayo" |access-date=2008-05-10 |website=Furuta's Historical Science Association}}</ref> Contohnya, tokoh protagonis dalam [[Hikayat Genji]], {{Nihongo3||光源氏|[[Hikaru Genji]]}} sering dipanggil {{Nihongo3||光の君 ''{{lang|id|atau}}'' 光君|"Hikaru no Kimi" atau "Hikaru-gimi"}}. Tapi sebelum [[zaman Nara]], kaisar sering disebut ''opokimi'' (tuan besar). Hal ini menimbulkan perdebatan mengenai apakah kata ''kimi'' dalam ''kimigayo'' benar-benar merujuk pada kaisar.
 
Di [[zaman Kamakura]], Kimigayo menjadi lagu penghibur bagi para [[samurai]] dan menjadi semakin populer di kalangan rakyat di [[zaman Edo]]. Di akhir zaman Edo, Kimigayo dinyanyikan oleh ''Ōoku'' (harem di [[Istana Edo|Puri Edo]]) dan [[Domain Satsuma|Satsuma-han]] (sekarang [[Prefektur Kagoshima]]) sebagai lagu perayaan tahun baru. Dalam konteks ini, kata ''kimi'' sama sekali tidak merujuk pada kaisar tetapi merujuk pada [[Keshogunan Tokugawa|''shōgun'' Tokugawa]], [[klan Shimazu]], tamu kehormatan, dan semua anggota pesta minum. Setelah [[Restorasi Meiji]], para pejabat Kekaisaran Jepang yang mayoritas merupakan mantan samurai dari Satsuma-han mengadopsi Kimigayo sebagai lagu kebangsaan Kekaisaran Jepang. Sejak saat itu hingga menjelang [[Perang Dunia kedua]], Kimigayo dipahami sebagai lagu pemujaan terhadap kaisar.
 
Dengan diadopsinya [[Konstitusi Jepang|konstitusi baru]] pada 1947, kaisar tidak lagi menjadi [[Kepala negara|penguasa]] penerima [[Tianming|Mandat Surga]], tetapi sekadar menjadi lambang negara dan persatuan rakyat.<ref name="Williams">{{cite book|editor=Michael Williams |editor2=Graham Humphrys |title=Citizenship Education and Lifelong Learning: Power and Place|publisher=Nova Biomedical Books|year=2003|page=126|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FrwMHKDPUzQC&q=kimigayo&pg=PA126 |isbn=978-1-59033-863-6}}</ref> Kementerian Pendidikan tidak memberikan pemaknaan baru terhadap Kimigayo pascaperang. Sehingga bisa jadi kata ''kimi'' dalam Kimigayo merujuk pada rakyat Jepang itu sendiri. Kementerian Pendidikan juga tidak melakukan tindakan apapun untuk menganulir pemaknaan terhadap Kimigayo di masa praperang.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUjNKxTrju4C&q=kimigayo&pg=PA1905|title=Nationalism: Critical concepts in political science|isbn=978-0-415-21756-9|last1=Hutchinson|first1=John|last2=Smith|first2=Anthony D|year=2000}}</ref>
 
Dalam sidang penyusunan UU Bendera dan Lagu Kebangsaan yang digelar pada 29 Juni 1999, pemaknaan resmi ''kimi'' atau ''kimigayo'' kembali dipertanyakan. [[Sekretaris Kabinet (Jepang)|Sekretaris Kabinet]] [[Hiromu Nonaka]] memberikan saran bahwa ''kimi'' berarti "kaisar sebagai lambang Jepang" dan seluruh liriknya mengharapkan perdamaian dan kemakmuran Jepang. Dia menyebut status baru kaisar sebagaimana ditetapkan dalam Pasal 1 Konstitusi Jepang sebagai alasan utama saran tersebut.<ref name="JPRI79">{{cite journal|title=Japan's Neo-Nationalism: The Role of the Hinomaru and Kimigayo Legislation|journal=Japan Policy Research Institute Working Paper|date=July 2001|first=Mayumi|last=Itoh|volume=79|url=http://www.jpri.org/publications/workingpapers/wp79.html|access-date=2010-10-13}}</ref> Dalam sesi yang sama, Perdana Menteri [[Keizō Obuchi]] memberikan pernyataan:<blockquote>
 
''Kimi'' merujuk pada Kaisar (Jepang), lambang negara dan persatuan rakyat. Kedudukannya merupakan hasil konsensus bersama rakyat Jepang, di mana kedaulatan berada. Dan frasa ''Kimigayo'' merujuk pada negara kita, Jepang. Tempat di mana Kaisar (Jepang) menjadi lambang negara dan persatuan rakyat berdasarkan hasil konsensus bersama rakyat Jepang. Cukup masuk akal bila kita mengambil lirik Kimigayo sebagai sebuah doa untuk kemakmuran dan perdamaian abadi di negara kita yang seperti itu.<ref name="JPRI79"/><ref name="Diet145HoR">{{cite web |author=The House of Representatives |date=1999-06-29 |url=http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/syugiin/145/0001/14506290001041c.html |title=Info of the minutes of the plenary session No.41 of the House of Representatives in the 145th Diet term |language=ja |website=National Diet Library |access-date=2008-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411201108/http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/syugiin/145/0001/14506290001041c.html |archive-date=2008-04-11}}</ref>
</blockquote>
 
Partai-partai oposan saat itu menentang keras pemaknaan sepihak oleh pemerintah. Partai Demokrat Jepang menyatakan keberatan karena kurangnya hubungan antara sejarah lagu dengan maknanya. Dan di antara semua kritik, kritik terpedas datang dari Kazuo Shii, ketua umum [[Partai Komunis Jepang]]. Ia mengklaim bahwa Kimigayo tidak bisa merujuk pada Jepang karena secara harfiah, lirik lagu tersebut hanya mendoakan kaisar agar bisa memerintah selamanya, bukan mendoakan keabadian Jepang. Shii juga keberatan dengan penggunaan lagu tersebut sebagai lagu kebangsaan karena bagi bangsa yang demokratis, lagu tentang kaisar sangatlah tidak pantas.<ref name="JPRI79"/>
 
==History==
===Empire of Japan (1868–1945)===
[[File:Shimogamo-Sazareishi-M1641.jpg|thumb|''Sazare-Ishi'' pebbles are believed to grow into boulders in some legends. A photo taken at [[Kamo Shrine|''Shimogamo'' Shrine]] in [[Kyoto|Kyōto]].]]
[[File:Curt-Netto-Japanese-National-Hymn-Coverdesign-1880.jpg|thumb|right|[[Franz Eckert]]'s notes, presented to the Meiji-Tennō in 1880 (cover design by [[Curt Netto]]).]]
The lyrics first appeared in the ''[[Kokin Wakashū]]'', a poetry anthology, as an anonymous poem. The poem was included in many anthologies, and was used in a later period as a celebration song of a long life by people of all social statures. Unlike the form used for the current national anthem, the poem originally began with "''Waga Kimi wa''" ('my lord') instead of "''Kimiga Yo wa''" ('my lord's reign').<ref name='Goodman78'>{{harvnb|Goodman, Neary|1996|p=78}}</ref> The first lyrics were changed during the Kamakura period, while the rest of the lyrics stayed the same. Because the lyrics were sung on formal occasions, such as birthdays, there was no sheet music for it until the 19th century.<ref name="JPRI79"/>
 
In 1869, [[John William Fenton]], a visiting Irish military band leader, realized there was no national anthem in Japan, and suggested to [[Ōyama Iwao|Iwao Ōyama]], an officer of the [[Satsuma Clan]], that one be created. Ōyama agreed, and selected the lyrics.<ref name="Scotsman">{{cite web|author=Aura Sabadus|date=2006-03-14|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=379822006|archive-url=https://archive.is/20121216103557/http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=379822006|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-12-16|title=Japan searches for Scot who modernised nation|work=[http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/ The Scotsman]|publisher=Published by Johnston Press Digital Publishing|access-date=2007-12-10}}</ref> The lyrics may have been chosen for their similarity to the [[God Save the Queen|British national anthem]], due to Fenton's influence.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite web|author=Colin Joyce|date=2005-08-30|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/30/wjapan30.xml|title=Briton who gave Japan its anthem|work=[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/ Telegraph.co.uk]|publisher=Published by Telegraph Media Group Limited|access-date=2007-12-10}}</ref> After selecting the anthem's lyrics, Ōyama then asked Fenton to create the melody. After being given just two<ref>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Richard|author2=Tak-Wing Ngo|title=State Making in Asia|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|page=40|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WF-ucX4oywIC&q=kimigayo&pg=PA40|isbn=978-0-415-34611-5}}</ref> to three weeks to compose the melody and only a few days to rehearse, Fenton debuted the anthem before the Japanese Emperor in 1870.<ref name="Telegraph"/> This was the first version of Kimigayo. This was discarded because the melody "lacked solemnity", according to the Japanese government<ref name="MOFA">{{cite web|url=http://web-japan.org/factsheet/en/pdf/11NFlagAnthem.pdf|title=National Flag and Anthem|work=Web Japan|publisher=Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs|year=2000 |access-date=2009-12-11}}</ref> although others believe it is because the melody was actually "unsingable" for the Japanese.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GeasCAAAQBAJ|title=Republic or Death! Travels in Search of National Anthems|last=Marshall|first=Alex|publisher=Windmill Books|year=2016|isbn=9780099592235|location=London|page=104|quote=Fenton's effort was overhauled in 1880 because it turned out to be completely unsingable if you were Japanese – 'Japanese is not a tonal language, but it has its highs and lows, and he got it completely wrong, 'Professor Kazuo Fukushima, the director of Japan's Music Historiography Research Institute, told me – but after the rework it grew in prominence, especially as Japan's ruling elite tried to create a modern country...}}</ref> However, this version is still performed annually at the ''Myōkōji'' temple in [[Yokohama]], where Fenton served as a military band leader. ''Myōkōji'' serves as a memorial to him.<ref name="Scotsman"/>
 
In 1880, the [[Ministry of the Imperial Household]] adopted a new melody composed by Yoshiisa Oku and Akimori Hayashi. The composer is often listed as [[Hiromori Hayashi]], who was their supervisor and Akimori's father. Akimori was also one of Fenton's pupils.<ref name="Telegraph"/> Although the melody is based on a traditional mode of Japanese court music, it is composed in a mixed style influenced by Western hymns, and uses some elements of the Fenton arrangement.<ref name="Gottschewski">Hermann Gottschewski: "''Hoiku shōka'' and the melody of the Japanese national anthem ''Kimi ga yo''", in: ''Journal of the Society for Research in Asiatic Music'' (東洋音楽研究), No. 68 (2003), pp. 1–17. Published by [http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/tog/ The society for Research in Asiatic Music] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211083829/http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/tog/|date=2009-02-11}}</ref> The German musician [[Franz Eckert]] applied the melody with Western style harmony, creating the second and current version of Kimigayo. The government formally adopted Kimigayo as the national anthem in 1888 and had copies of the music and lyrics sent overseas for diplomatic ceremonies.<ref name="State Making in Asia">{{cite book|last1=Boyd|first1=Richard|last2=Ngo|first2=Tak-Wing|title=State Making in Asia|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|page=36|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r8IDxzZ4SQIC&q=kimigayo&pg=PA36|access-date=2010-10-14|isbn=978-0-415-34611-5}}</ref> By 1893, Kimigayo was included in public school ceremonies due to the efforts of the then [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)|Ministry of Education]].<ref name="JPRI79"/>
 
At the turn of the 20th century, Kimigayo was beginning to be closely associated with the idea of honoring the Emperor. It was also associated as a part of Japanese education. However, opinions expressed in an Osaka paper in 1904 calls Kimigayo a song for the imperial family and not the state as a whole.<ref name='Goodman79'>{{harvnb|Goodman, Neary|1996|p=79}}</ref> [[Uchimura Kanzo]], a Christian leader in Japan, stated at the turn of the 20th century that Kimigayo is not the anthem of Japan by saying the song's purpose is to praise the emperor. According to Kanzo, a national anthem should express the feelings of the people, and not of the divine emperor.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shields Jr.|first1=James J.|title=Japanese Schooling: Patterns of Socialization, Equality, and Political Control|publisher=Penn State University Press|year=1989|page=241|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssHlZQvhOA4C&q=kimigayo+Kakuei&pg=PA241|access-date=2010-10-14|isbn=978-0-271-02340-3}}</ref> The Japanese were not familiar with Kimigayo as the anthem until there was a surge of celebrations after victories in the [[First Sino-Japanese War|First Sino-Japanese]] and [[Russo-Japanese War]]s. Previously, papers were critical of fellow Japanese who could not sing Kimigayo properly at ceremonies overseas.<ref name="State Making in Asia"/>
 
During [[World War II]], the [[Japanese Empire]] ordered that schoolchildren, both from its homeland and [[Japanese colonial empire|its colonies]], were to sing the Kimigayo anthem and salute [[Emperor Hirohito]] every morning.
 
===Jepang Pascaperang (1945–sekarang)===
==== 1945 – 1999 ====
Selama [[pendudukan Sekutu atas Jepang]], tidak ada arahan khusus dari [[Panglima Tertinggi Sekutu]] untuk melarang penggunaan Kimigayo oleh pemerintah Jepang. Hal ini berbeda dengan kebijakan sebelumnya yang melarang pengibaran bendera Hinomaru.<ref name='Goodman81'>{{harvnb|Goodman, Neary|1996|p=81}}</ref> Seiring dengan munculnya dorongan untuk menggunakan Kimigayo sebagai media pembelajaran pertahanan dan bela negara di sekolah, [[lembaga penyiaran publik]] [[NHK]] mulai menggunakan lagu ini untuk membuka dan menutup [[acara televisi]].<ref name='Goodman82'>{{harvnb|Goodman, Neary|1996|p=82}}</ref>
 
====Sejak 1999====
[[File:国旗及び国歌に関する法律.jpg|thumb|alt=A page with Asian characters and a black-and-white version of the Japanese flag left above|The ''Act on National Flag and Anthem (Japan)'' as it appears in the Official Gazette on August 15, 1999]]
The "[[Act on National Flag and Anthem]]" was passed in 1999, choosing both the ''Hinomaru'' and Kimigayo as Japan's national symbols. The passage of the law stemmed from a suicide of a school principal in Hiroshima who could not resolve a dispute between his school board and his teachers over the use of the ''Hinomaru'' and Kimigayo.<ref>{{Harvnb|Aspinall|2001|p=126}}</ref>
 
[[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] [[Keizō Obuchi]] of the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP) decided to draft legislation to make the ''Hinomaru'' and Kimigayo official symbols of Japan in 2000. His [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]], [[Hiromu Nonaka]], wanted the legislation to be completed by the 10th anniversary of the coronation of [[Akihito]] as Emperor.<ref name="Itoh 2003 209–210">{{Harvnb|Itoh|2003|pp=209–10}}</ref> This is not the first time legislation was considered for establishing both symbols as official. In 1974, with the backdrop of the 1972 return of Okinawa to Japan and the [[1973 oil crisis]], Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka hinted at a law being passed legalizing both symbols.<ref name='Goodman82-83'>{{harvnb|Goodman, Neary|1996|pp=82–83}}</ref>
 
Main supporters of the bill were the LDP and the [[Komeito]] (CGP), while the opposition included the [[Social Democratic Party (Japan)|Social Democratic Party]] (SDPJ) and [[Japanese Communist Party|Communist Party]] (CPJ), who cited the connotations both symbols had with the war era. The CPJ was further opposed for not allowing the issue to be decided by the public. Meanwhile, the [[Democratic Party of Japan]] (DPJ) could not develop party consensus on it. President of the DPJ, [[Naoto Kan]] stated that the DPJ must support the bill because the party already recognized both symbols as the symbols of Japan.<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.dpj.or.jp/news/?num=11044 |title=国旗国歌法制化についての民主党の考え方 |accessdate=2010-01-17 |date=1999-07-21 |publisher=Democratic Party of Japan |trans_title=The DPJ Asks For A Talk About the Flag and Anthem Law |language={{in lang|ja}} |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728091749/http://www.dpj.or.jp/news/?num=11044 |archivedate=July 28, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Deputy Secretary General and future prime minister [[Yukio Hatoyama]] thought that this bill would cause further divisions among society and the public schools.<ref name="Itoh 2003 209–210"/>
 
Before the vote, there were calls for the bills to be separated at the Diet. [[Waseda University]] professor Norihiro Kato stated that Kimigayo is a separate issue more complex than the ''Hinomaru'' flag.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Calichman|first1=Richard|title=Contemporary Japanese Thought|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2005|page=211|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8Paxm86ONwC&q=kimigayo&pg=PA211|access-date=2010-10-14|isbn=978-0-231-13620-4}}</ref> Attempts to designate only the ''Hinomaru'' as the national flag by the DPJ and other parties during the vote of the bill were rejected by the Diet.<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.dpj.or.jp/news/?num=8506 |title=国旗・国歌法案、衆院で可決　民主党は自主投票|accessdate=2010-01-18|trans_title=Flag and Anthem Law Passed by the House, DPJ Free Vote|date=1999-07-22|publisher=Democratic Party of Japan|language={{in lang|ja}}|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728091823/http://www.dpj.or.jp/news/?num=8506|archivedate=July 28, 2011|df=}}</ref> The House of Representatives passed the bill on July 22, 1999, by a 403 to 86 vote.<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/syugiin/145/0001/14507220001047c.html|title=第１４５回国会　本会議　第４７号|accessdate=2010-01-17|date=1999-07-22|publisher=National Diet Library|language={{in lang|ja}}|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714043020/http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/syugiin/145/0001/14507220001047c.html|archivedate=2012-07-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> The legislation was sent to the House of Councilors on July 28 and was passed on August 9. It was enacted into law on August 13.<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.shugiin.go.jp/itdb_gian.nsf/html/gian/keika/1CE3AB6.htm|title=議案審議経過情報: 国旗及び国歌に関する法律案|accessdate=2010-01-17|date=1999-08-13|publisher=House of Representatives|language={{in lang|ja}}|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323180056/http://www.shugiin.go.jp/itdb_gian.nsf/html/gian/keika/1CE3AB6.htm|archivedate=2011-03-23|df=}}</ref>
 
==Protocol==
[[File:Kimi ga Yo at volleyball tournament.jpg|thumb|A photo taken on November 6, 2007, as Kimigayo was being played before a volleyball tournament in [[Osaka|Ōsaka]].]]
The lyrics and [[musical notation]] of the anthem are given in the second appendix of the [[Act on National Flag and Anthem]]. As for the sheet music itself, it displays a vocal arrangement with no mention of tempo and all of the lyrics in [[hiragana]]. The anthem is composed in 4/4 ([[Time signature|common time]]) in the [[Dorian mode]].<ref name="law"/> The [[Act on National Flag and Anthem]] does not detail how one should show respect during performances of Kimigayo. In a statement made by Prime Minister Obuchi, the legislation will not impose new regulations on the Japanese people when it comes to respecting the flag or anthem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/1999/8/809.html|title=Statement of Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi|access-date=2010-05-17|date=1999-08-09|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan}}</ref> However, local government bodies and private organizations sometimes suggest or demand certain protocols be followed. For example, an October 2003 directive by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government required teachers to stand during the national anthem at graduation ceremonies. While standing, the teachers are required to sing Kimigayo while facing the [[Flag of Japan|''Hinomaru'']].<ref>{{cite web|author=Editorial staff|date=2004-04-07|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ed20040407a1.html|title=Editorial: Coercion can't foster respect|work=The Japan Times Online|publisher=[[The Japan Times]]|access-date=2007-12-19}}</ref> United States military personnel are required by regulations to render honors with a hand salute, or when in civilian dress, to place their right hand over their heart when Kimigayo, "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]", or any other national anthem is performed.<ref>{{cite web|author=Trevor M. Carlee|date=2005-02-18|url=http://www.okinawa.usmc.mil/public%20affairs%20info/Archive%20News%20Pages/2005/050218-heart.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427162634/http://www.okinawa.usmc.mil/Public%20Affairs%20Info/Archive%20News%20Pages/2005/050218-heart.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-04-27|title=Corps places hand over heart for national anthem|work=[http://www.okinawa.usmc.mil/public%20affairs%20info/News%20Page.html Okinawa Marine]|publisher=From United States Marine Corps|access-date=2007-12-19}}</ref> The Act on National Flag and Anthem also does not dictate when or where Kimigayo should be played. The anthem, however, is commonly played at sporting events inside of Japan, or at international sporting events where Japan has a competing team. At [[sumo|''sumō'']] tournaments, Kimigayo is played before the awards ceremony.<ref name="MOFA"/>
 
===Sekolah negeri===
Sejak akhir [[Perang Dunia II]], [[Kementerian Pendidikan, Budaya, Olahraga, Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (Jepang)|Kementerian Pendidikan]] telah mengeluarkan pernyataan dan peraturan untuk mempromosikan penggunaan Hinomaru dan Kimigayo di sekolah-sekolah negeri. Pernyataan pertama dirilis pada tahun 1950, menyatakan bahwa dianjurkan, tetapi tidak diharuskan, untuk menggunakan kedua simbol tersebut. Keinginan ini kemudian diperluas untuk memasukkan kedua simbol pada hari libur nasional dan selama acara seremonial untuk mendorong siswa agar tahu tentang apa itu hari libur nasional dan untuk mempromosikan pendidikan pertahanan. Kementerian tidak hanya mengambil tindakan besar untuk menjelaskan bahwa kedua simbol tersebut tidak secara resmi ditetapkan oleh hukum, tetapi mereka juga menyebut Kimigayo sebagai lagu biasa dan menolak menyebutnya sebagai lagu kebangsaan. Baru pada tahun 1977 kementerian menyebut Kimigayo sebagai {{nihongo|lagu kebangsaan|国歌|kokka}} Jepang.<ref name='Goodman'/> Dalam reformasi pedoman pendidikan tahun 1989, pemerintah yang dikendalikan LDP pertama-tama menuntut agar bendera Hinomaru harus digunakan dalam upacara sekolah dan bahwa penghormatan yang tepat harus diberikan kepadanya dan kepada Kimigayo.<ref>{{Harvnb|Trevor|2001|p=78}}</ref> Hukuman bagi pejabat sekolah yang tidak mengikuti perintah ini mulai diberlakukan sejak tahun 1989.<ref name='Goodman'>{{harvnb|Goodman, Neary|1996|pp=81–83}}</ref>
 
Pedoman kurikulum 1999 yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang tentang Bendera dan Lagu Kebangsaan menyatakan bahwa "pada upacara masuk dan kelulusan, sekolah harus mengibarkan bendera Jepang dan menginstruksikan siswa untuk menyanyikan Kimigayo (lagu kebangsaan), mengingat betapa pentingnya bendera dan lagu kebangsaan."<ref>{{vcite web|url=http://www.pref.hiroshima.lg.jp/kyouiku/hotline/02zesei/sankou/kokkikokka.htm |title=学習指導要領における国旗及び国歌の取扱い |trans_title=Handling of the flag and anthem in the National Curriculum|accessdate=2009-12-08 |date=2001-09-11|publisher=Hiroshima Prefectural Board of Education Secretariat|language={{in lang|ja}}|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722112237/http://www.pref.hiroshima.lg.jp/kyouiku/hotline/02zesei/sankou/kokkikokka.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 |df= }}</ref> Selain itu, komentar kementerian tentang pedoman kurikulum 1999 untuk sekolah dasar mencatat bahwa "dengan kemajuan internasionalisasi, bersama dengan menumbuhkan patriotisme dan kesadaran menjadi orang Jepang, penting untuk memelihara sikap hormat anak-anak sekolah terhadap bendera Jepang dan Kimigayo saat mereka bertumbuh menjadi warga negara Jepang yang dihormati dalam masyarakat internasional."<ref name="mext2">{{vcite web|url=http://cebc.jp/data/education/gov/jp/tsuuchi/19990917hatauta/data-02.htm |title=小学校学習指導要領解説社会編，音楽編，特別活動編|trans_title=National Curriculum Guide: Elementary social notes, Chapter music Chapter Special Activities|publisher=Ministry of Education |language={{in lang|ja}}|year=1999|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060319210723/http://cebc.jp/data/education/gov/jp/tsuuchi/19990917hatauta/data-02.htm|archivedate=2006-03-19|df=}}</ref> Kementerian juga menyatakan bahwa jika siswa Jepang tidak dapat menghormati simbol negara mereka sendiri, maka mereka tidak akan dapat menghormati simbol negara lain.<ref>{{Harvnb|Aspinall|2001|p=125}}</ref>
 
==Pandangan masa kini==
Baris 111 ⟶ 58:
{{IPA-ja|iɰa.o to naɾite|}}
{{IPA-ja|kokeꜜ no mɯꜜsɯ made|}}</poem>
|<poem>(Semoga) kekuasaan [[kaisar Jepang|DikauYang Mulia]]
(Terus berlanjut hingga) seribu, delapan ribu generasi
Hingga batu kecil
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Kimigayo"