Krisis Teluk Persia 2019–2020: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 1:
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Krisis Teluk Persia 2019–2021
| partof = [[Konflik proksi Iran–Arab Saudi]]
| image = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = B52 in al udeid base may 2019.jpg
| photo2a = Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk Shot down by Iran 4.jpg
Baris 11 ⟶ 14:
| spacing = 3
| foot_montage =
}}
}}| caption = Sebuah pengebom strategis [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52H]] AS di [[Qatar]] pada Mei 2019 (atas kiri); Sebuah perahu [[Angkatan Laut Korps Pengawal Revolusi Islam|NEDSA]] berpatroli di dekat kapal tanker berbendera Inggris ''Stena Impero'' (atas kanan); Puing-puing dari drone [[RQ-4 Global Hawk]] yang [[Penembakan jatuh pesawat nirawak Amerika Serikat 2019|ditembak jatuh]] oleh Iran (bawah kiri); Pasukan AS mengawasi serangan terhadap [[Kedutaan Amerika Serikat, Bagdad|kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat di Bagdad]] (bawah kanan)|date=5 Mei 2019 – ''sekarang''<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=5|year1=2019}})|place={{plainlist|
| date = 5 Mei 2019 – 12 Januari 2020{{br}}(8 Bulan, 1 Minggu)
| place = {{plainlist|
* [[Samudra Hindia]] barat
* [[Teluk Persia]]
Baris 19 ⟶ 25:
* [[Laut Merah]]
* [[Irak]]
}}
}}| status = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = ''Ongoing''
Baris 28 ⟶ 35:
* Several oil tankers attacked and damaged
* The US assassinated [[Qasem Soleimani]], Iranian major commander
}}
}}| combatant1 = {{Unbulleted list
| {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
| {{flag|Britania Raya}}
Baris 42 ⟶ 50:
| {{flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/23/iran-is-already-losing/|title=Iran Is Already Losing|first=Micha’el|last=Tanchum|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924125045/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/23/iran-is-already-losing/|archive-date=24 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-mulls-joining-gulf-maritime-alliance-1.66592283|title=Kuwait mulls joining Gulf maritime alliance|website=Gulf News|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924131139/https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-mulls-joining-gulf-maritime-alliance-1.66592283|archive-date=24 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{flag|Pakistan}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/imran-khan-support-saudi-arabia-security-oil-installations-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-1600192-2019-09-18 |title=Pak PM Imran Khan vows to support Saudi Arabia after oil installation attacks |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209130316/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/imran-khan-support-saudi-arabia-security-oil-installations-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-1600192-2019-09-18 |archive-date=9 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1554451/pakistan |title=Pakistan strongly condemns Houthi drone attack on Saudi Aramco facilities |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917050637/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1554451/pakistan |archive-date=17 September 2019 |url-status=live|date=14 September 2019}}</ref>
| {{flag|Qatar}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/06/28/f-22s-deploy-qatar-first-time-amid-iran-tensions.html |title=F-22s Deploy to Qatar for the First Time Amid Iran Tensions |access-date=23 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720173143/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/06/28/f-22s-deploy-qatar-first-time-amid-iran-tensions.html |archive-date=20 July 2019 |url-status=live|date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/air-force-has-sent-stealth-f-22-raptors-qatar-deter-iran-67867 |title=The Air Force Has Sent Stealth F-22 Raptors to Qatar to Deter Iran |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824054345/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/air-force-has-sent-stealth-f-22-raptors-qatar-deter-iran-67867 |archive-date=24 August 2019 |url-status=live|date=20 July 2019}}</ref>}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|Iran}}<br />{{Collapsible list
| title = Didukung oleh:
| {{flag|Rusia}}<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/russia-iran-us-israel-drone-ally-1445802|title=Russia warns the U.S. and Israel that Iran is its "ally" and was right about drone shoot down|first=Tom O'Connor On 6/25/19 at 1:47 PM|last=EDT|date=25 June 2019|website=Newsweek|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726095203/https://www.newsweek.com/russia-iran-us-israel-drone-ally-1445802|archive-date=26 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Iran Support">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/iran-russia-china-fighter-jets-1456848|title=Iran says Russia and China want to sell fighter jets as they offer support against the US|first=Tom O'Connor On 8/29/19 at 3:37 PM|last=EDT|date=29 August 2019|website=Newsweek|access-date=30 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830062652/https://www.newsweek.com/iran-russia-china-fighter-jets-1456848|archive-date=30 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=October 2019}}
| {{flag|Tiongkok}}<ref name="Iran Support" />
| {{flag|Suriah}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Saudis-Israel-attack-pro-Iran-militias-on-Syria-Iraq-border-report-602210|title=Saudis, Israel attacked pro-Iran militias on Syria-Iraq border - report - Middle East - Jerusalem Post|website=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925051020/https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Saudis-Israel-attack-pro-Iran-militias-on-Syria-Iraq-border-report-602210|archive-date=25 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49633146|title='Air strikes' hit Iran-backed forces in east Syria|date=9 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914003800/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49633146|archive-date=14 September 2019|url-status=live|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iran.liveuamap.com/en/2019/28-september-syrian-fm-moualem-at-unga-we-renew-our-support|title=Syrian FM Moualem at UNGA: We renew our support for Iran and reject the destabilization of the Gulf New York, New York|website=Iran news on live map in English - Conflict in the Gulf- iran.liveuamap.com|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929022654/https://iran.liveuamap.com/en/2019/28-september-syrian-fm-moualem-at-unga-we-renew-our-support|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{flag|Korea Utara}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nknews.org/2019/09/the-september-14-drone-attack-on-saudi-oil-fields-north-koreas-potential-role/ |title=The September 14 drone attack on Saudi oil fields: North Korea's potential role &#124; NK News |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011033136/https://www.nknews.org/2019/09/the-september-14-drone-attack-on-saudi-oil-fields-north-koreas-potential-role/ |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live|date=30 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-do-yemeni-houthi-rebels-have-north-korean-missiles-86821 |title=Why do the Yemeni Houthi Rebels Have North Korean Missiles? |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024003651/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-do-yemeni-houthi-rebels-have-north-korean-missiles-86821 |archive-date=24 October 2019 |url-status=live|date=9 October 2019}}</ref>}}
| commander1 = {{flagdeco|Amerika Serikat}} [[Donald Trump]]
| commander2 = {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Ali Khamenei]]<br />{{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Qasem Soleimani]]{{KIA|terbunuh}}
| strength1 = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = {{flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} Amerika Serikat:
Baris 71 ⟶ 83:
| 1 fregat
| 1 [[P-8A Poseidon]]
}}
}}| strength2 = 1 [[Mil Mi-17]]<br />beberapa [[perahu serang cepat]]<br />1 [[Khordad Ke-3]]|casualties1={{Collapsible list
| casualties1 = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = {{flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} Amerika Serikat: |
Baris 91 ⟶ 105:
| title = {{flagicon|Uni Emirat Arab}} UEA: |
* 1 kapal dagang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)
}}
}}| casualties2 = 1 kapal tanker ditangkap oleh Gibraltar, dilepaskan pada 15 Agustus<br />1-2 drone ditembak jatuh (klaim AS, dibantah oleh Iran)<br />10 personel [[IRGC]] [[Serangan Bandar Udara Bagdad 2020|tewas]]
 
25 milisi yang didukung Iran tewas
1 kapal tanker rusak (tanggungjawab belum ditentukan)
1 kapal tanker rusak (tanggungjawab belum ditentukan)|casualties3=1 awak kapal terluka<br />{{flag|Norwegia}}: 2 kapal dangang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)<br />{{flag|Jepang}}: 1 kapal dagang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)<br />{{flag|Irak}}: 1 kapal dagang direbut oleh Iran, dituduh "menyelundukan bahan bakar untuk beberapa negara Arab"<br />{{flag|Filipina}} 1 perahu kecil direbut, 7 awak kapal ditangkap<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-tanker-idUSKCN1UU08Y|title=Iran seizes Iraqi oil tanker smuggling fuel in Gulf: TV|date=4 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905190707/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-tanker-idUSKCN1UU08Y|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=live|agency=Reuters}}</ref>|campaignbox={{Kotak kampanye krisis Teluk Persia 2019}}{{Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars}}}}'''Krisis Teluk Persia 2019-2021''' adalah eskalasi ketegangan militer antara [[Iran]] dan [[Amerika Serikat]] menuju titik kemungkinan perang menyusul penggelaran aset militer ke [[Teluk Persia]] oleh Presiden [[Donald Trump]] karena intelijen mengindikasikan adanya kampanye yang direncanakan oleh Iran dan sekutunya melawan pasukan dan kepentingan AS di Teluk Persia dan Irak. Krisis ini mengikuti [[Hubungan Iran-Amerika Serikat|peningkatan ketegangan politik]] antara kedua negara selama [[masa jabatan Donald Trump]], yang termasuk [[Penarikan Amerika Serikat dari Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|penarikan Amerika Serikat dari kesepakatan nuklir]], pengenaan sanksi baru terhadap Iran, dan penyebutan [[Pengawal Revolusi Iran|Korps Pengawal Revolusi Islam]] (IRGC) sebagai organisasi teroris. Sebagai tanggapan, Iran menyebut [[Komando Pusat Amerika Serikat]] sebagai organisasi teroris.
| casualties3 = 1 awak kapal terluka<br />{{flag|Norwegia}}: 2 kapal dangang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)<br />{{flag|Jepang}}: 1 kapal dagang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)<br />{{flag|Irak}}: 1 kapal dagang direbut oleh Iran, dituduh "menyelundukan bahan bakar untuk beberapa negara Arab"<br />{{flag|Filipina}} 1 perahu kecil direbut, 7 awak kapal ditangkap<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-tanker-idUSKCN1UU08Y|title=Iran seizes Iraqi oil tanker smuggling fuel in Gulf: TV|date=4 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905190707/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-tanker-idUSKCN1UU08Y|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=live|agency=Reuters}}</ref>
| campaignbox = {{Kotak kampanye krisis Teluk Persia 2019}}{{Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars}}
}}
1 kapal tanker rusak (tanggungjawab belum ditentukan)|casualties3=1 awak kapal terluka<br />{{flag|Norwegia}}: 2 kapal dangang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)<br />{{flag|Jepang}}: 1 kapal dagang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)<br />{{flag|Irak}}: 1 kapal dagang direbut oleh Iran, dituduh "menyelundukan bahan bakar untuk beberapa negara Arab"<br />{{flag|Filipina}} 1 perahu kecil direbut, 7 awak kapal ditangkap<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-tanker-idUSKCN1UU08Y|title=Iran seizes Iraqi oil tanker smuggling fuel in Gulf: TV|date=4 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905190707/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-tanker-idUSKCN1UU08Y|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=live|agency=Reuters}}</ref>|campaignbox={{Kotak kampanye krisis Teluk Persia 2019}}{{Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars}}}}'''Krisis Teluk Persia 2019-2021''' adalah eskalasi ketegangan militer antara [[Iran]] dan [[Amerika Serikat]] menuju titik kemungkinan perang menyusul penggelaran aset militer ke [[Teluk Persia]] oleh Presiden [[Donald Trump]] karena intelijen mengindikasikan adanya kampanye yang direncanakan oleh Iran dan sekutunya melawan pasukan dan kepentingan AS di Teluk Persia dan Irak. Krisis ini mengikuti [[Hubungan Iran-Amerika Serikat|peningkatan ketegangan politik]] antara kedua negara selama [[masa jabatan Donald Trump]], yang termasuk [[Penarikan Amerika Serikat dari Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|penarikan Amerika Serikat dari kesepakatan nuklir]], pengenaan sanksi baru terhadap Iran, dan penyebutan [[Pengawal Revolusi Iran|Korps Pengawal Revolusi Islam]] (IRGC) sebagai organisasi teroris. Sebagai tanggapan, Iran menyebut [[Komando Pusat Amerika Serikat]] sebagai organisasi teroris.
 
Beberapa waktu setelah pengerahan ini, beberapa kapal dagang di Teluk Persia rusak dalam dua insiden [[Mei 2019 Insiden Teluk Oman|pada bulan Mei]] dan [[Insiden Teluk Oman Juni 2019|Juni 2019]]. Negara-negara Barat menyalahkan Iran, sementara Iran menyangkal keterlibatan. Pada Juni 2019, Iran [[Penembakan jatuh drone RQ-4A Amerika Serikat|menembak jatuh]] pesawat pengintai [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk|RQ-4A]] Amerika, hampir mengakibatkan konfrontasi bersenjata. Pada bulan yang sama, sebuah [[kapal tanker minyak]] Iran ditangkap oleh Inggris di [[Selat Gibraltar]] dengan alasan bahwa kapal itu mengirimkan minyak ke Suriah yang melanggar sanksi Uni Eropa. Iran kemudian menangkap sebuah kapal tanker minyak Inggris dan para awaknya di Teluk Persia, Inggris merespons dengan bergabung dengan pasukan AS di teluk.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/04/iran-seizes-oil-tanker-in-gulf-smuggling-fuel-to-arab-states|title=Iran claims it has seized third oil tanker in Gulf as tensions with US rise|first=Martin|last=Chulov|date=4 Aug 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914050522/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/04/iran-seizes-oil-tanker-in-gulf-smuggling-fuel-to-arab-states|archive-date=14 September 2019|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/pentagon-releases-images-gulf-oman-attack-190618055528966.html|title=US releases new images from suspected attacks on Gulf tankers|publisher=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817032851/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/pentagon-releases-images-gulf-oman-attack-190618055528966.html|archive-date=17 August 2019|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/iranian-republican-guard-seizes-foreign-oil-tanker-persian/story?id=64411931|title=Iranian Revolutionary Guard seizes foreign oil tanker in Persian Gulf: State media|publisher=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829011557/https://abcnews.go.com/International/iranian-republican-guard-seizes-foreign-oil-tanker-persian/story?id=64411931|archive-date=29 August 2019|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref> Baik Iran dan Inggris kemudian melepas kapal yang ditangkapnya.<ref name="stenaimpero1">{{Cite news|title=UK-flagged tanker Stena Impero leaves Iranian port|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/uk-flagged-tanker-stena-impero-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port-190927062425000.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927201926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/uk-flagged-tanker-stena-impero-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port-190927062425000.html|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="stenaimpero2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49849718|title=Stena Impero: Seized British tanker leaves Iran's waters|first=Jonathan|last=Marcus|publisher=BBC News|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928010957/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49849718|archive-date=28 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="stenaimpero3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/09/27/764934720/british-flagged-tanker-leaves-iranian-waters-after-2-months-of-detention|title=British-Flagged Tanker Leaves Iranian Waters After 2 Months Of Detention|first=James|last=Doubek|publisher=NPR|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927162524/https://www.npr.org/2019/09/27/764934720/british-flagged-tanker-leaves-iranian-waters-after-2-months-of-detention|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="voacrewrealeased">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/british-tanker-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port|title=British Tanker Seized in July Leaves Iranian Port|publisher=Voice of America, Reuters|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927211433/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/british-tanker-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="nytcrewrelease">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/27/world/middleeast/iran-uk-oil-tanker-stena-impero.html|title=British-Flagged Tanker Leaves Iran, Two Months After It Was Seized|work=The New York Times|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927062005/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/27/world/middleeast/iran-uk-oil-tanker-stena-impero.html|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="voicepartialrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thevoicefm.co.uk/news/world-news/iran-to-free-seven-out-of-23-crew-members-from-detained-british-flagged-ship-stena-impero/|title=Iran to free seven out of 23 crew members from detained British-flagged ship Stena Impero|date=4 September 2019|website=The Voice|access-date=4 September 2019}}{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>