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| Caption2 = 1. [[#Struktur|Badan lambung]] 2. [[#Struktur|Fundus]] 3. [[#Struktur|Anterior wall]] 4. [[Curvatures of the stomach|Greater curvature]] 5. [[Curvatures of the stomach|Lesser curvature]] 6. [[#Struktur|Kardia]] 9. [[Pylorus#Pyloric sphincter|Pyloric sphincter]] 10. [[Pylorus#Antrum|Pyloric antrum]] 11. [[Pylorus#Pyloric canal|Pyloric canal]] 12. [[Angular incisure]] 13. [[Angular incisure|Gastric canal]] 14. [[Rugae]]<ref>Diagram from [http://training.seer.cancer.gov/ss_module07_ugi/unit02_sec02_anatomy.html cancer.gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231182323/http://training.seer.cancer.gov/ss_module07_ugi/unit02_sec02_anatomy.html |date=2006-12-31 }}. [[Copyright status of work by the U.S. government|Work of the United States Government]]</ref>
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[[Berkas:Estómago.svg|
'''Lambung''' atau '''perut''' ({{lang-en|stomach}}; {{lang-nl|maag}}) atau ventrikulus berupa suatu kantong yang terletak di bawah sekat rongga badan.
Fungsi lambung secara umum adalah tempat di mana makanan dicerna dan sejumlah kecil sari-sari makanan diserap.
== Struktur ==
[[
Pada manusia dewasa, volume lambung dalam keadaan santai, hampir kosong, adalah sekitar 75 mililiter.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7274820.stm Key to way stomach expands found] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729195326/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7274820.stm |date=2017-07-29 }}. BBC (3 March 2008)</ref> Merupakan organ tubuh yang dapat mengembang (''distensible''), dapat menampung sampai sekitar satu liter makanan.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sherwood, Lauralee |title=Human physiology: from cells to systems |url=https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyf00sher |publisher=Wadsworth Pub. Co |location=Belmont, CA |year=1997 |pages= |isbn=0-314-09245-5 |oclc= 35270048|doi=}}</ref> Lambung bayi manusia yang baru lahir hanya dapat menampung sekitar 30 mililiter.
== Daerah ==
Lambung dapat dibagi menjadi tiga daerah, yaitu daerah
# ''Kardia.''
# ''Fundus.''
# ''Pilorus.''
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=== Blood supply ===
[[Image:Stomach blood supply.svg|thumb|center|600px|Schematic image of the blood supply to the human stomach: [[left gastric artery|left]] and [[right gastric artery]], [[left gastroepiploic artery|left]] and [[right gastroepiploic artery]] and [[short gastric artery]].<ref name=Moore150>{{cite book |author1=Anne M. R. Agur |author2=Moore, Keith L. |title=Essential Clinical Anatomy (Point (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)) |url=https://archive.org/details/essentialclinica0000moor_c2o8 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstown, MD |year= 2007|pages= |isbn=0-7817-6274-X |oclc= 172964542|doi=}}; p. 150</ref>]]
The lesser curvature of the human stomach is supplied by the [[right gastric artery]] inferiorly, and the [[left gastric artery]] superiorly, which also supplies the cardiac region. The greater curvature is supplied by the [[right gastroepiploic artery]] inferiorly and the [[left gastroepiploic artery]] superiorly. The fundus of the stomach, and also the upper portion of the greater curvature, is supplied by the short gastric artery which arises from the splenic artery.
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=== Dinding lambung ===
'''Dinding lambung tersusun menjadi empat lapisan, yakni
# ''Mucosa''.
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'''4. gerak peristaltik''' (gerak menggelombang). Gerak peristaltik menyebabkan makanan di dalam lambung diaduk-aduk. Lapisan terluar yaitu ''serosa'' berfungsi sebagai lapisan pelindung perut. Sel-sel di lapisan ini mengeluarkan sejenis cairan untuk mengurangi gaya gesekan yang terjadi antara perut dengan anggota tubuh lainnya.
=== Kelenjar lambung ===
<!--{{Main article|Gastric glands}}-->
Pada manusia terdapat tiga jenis sel pada lapisan-lapisan mukosa atau kelenjar lambung (''[[:en:gastric glands|gastric glands]]''):
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Di bagian dinding lambung sebelah dalam terdapat kelenjar-kelenjar yang menghasilkan getah lambung. Aroma, bentuk, warna, dan selera terhadap makanan secara refleks akan menimbulkan sekresi getah lambung. Getah lambung mengandung asam lambung (HCI), pepsin, musin, dan [[renin]]. Asam lambung berperan sebagai pembunuh mikroorganisme dan mengaktifkan enzim pepsinogen menjadi pepsin.
* ''[[:en:pepsin|Pepsin]]'' merupakan enzim yang dapat mengubah protein menjadi molekul yang lebih kecil.
* ''[[:en:mucin|Musin]]'' merupakan mukosa protein yang melicinkan makanan.
* ''[[Renin]]'' merupakan enzim khusus yang hanya terdapat pada mamalia, berperan sebagai kaseinogen menjadi kasein. Kasein digumpalkan oleh Ca<sup>2+</sup> dari susu sehingga dapat dicerna oleh pepsin. Tanpa adanya renim susu yang berwujud cair akan lewat begitu saja di dalam lambuing dan usus tanpa sempat dicerna.
* ''[[HCl|HCl(Asam Klorida)]]'' merupakan asam yang berfungsi sebagai enzim, yang berguna untuk membunuh kuman dan bakteri pada makanan.
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<!--
==Development==
In early [[human embryogenesis]], the ventral part of the embryo abuts the [[yolk sac]]. During the second week of development, as the embryo grows, it begins to surround parts of the sac. The enveloped portions form the basis for the adult gastrointestinal tract.<ref name=LARSEN2009 /> The sac is surrounded by a network of [[vitelline arteries]]. Over time, these arteries consolidate into the three main arteries that supply the developing gastrointestinal tract: the [[celiac artery]], [[superior mesenteric artery]], and [[inferior mesenteric artery]]. The areas supplied by these arteries are used to define the [[midgut]], [[hindgut]] and [[foregut]].<ref name=LARSEN2009 /> The surrounded sac becomes the primitive gut. Sections of this gut begin to differentiate into the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, and the esophagus, and stomach form from the foregut.<ref name=LARSEN2009>{{cite book|author=Gary C. Schoenwolf |title=Larsen's human embryology|url=https://archive.org/details/larsenshumanembr0000unse |year=2009|publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-443-06811-9|chapter=Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract|edition=4th}}</ref>
-->
== Fungsi ==
=== Absorpsi ===
Meskipun absorpsi pada sistem pencernaan manusia terutama merupakan fungsi usus halus, sejumlah absorpsi molekul kecil tertentu terjadi pada lambung melalui pelapisnya.<!-- This includes:
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| [[:en:Secretin|Sekretin]] || Dengan cara yang berbeda dan langka, ''sekretin'', diproduksi dalam [[usus halus]], mempunyai efek terutama dalam pankreas, tetapi juga mengurangi sekresi asam dalam lambung.
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| [[:en:Enteroglucagon|Enteroglukagon]] || ''Enteroglukagon'' menurunkan baik asam lambung maupun motilitas.
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== Signifikansi klinis ==
[[
===
<!--{{Main article|Stomach disease}}
A [[Upper gastrointestinal series|series of radiographs]] can be used to examine the stomach for various disorders. This will often include the use of a [[Upper gastrointestinal series|swallow barium]]. Another method of examination of the stomach, is the use of an [[endoscopy|endoscope]]. A [[gastric emptying scan]] is considered the gold standard to assess gastric emptying rate.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Masaoka|first1=Tatsuhiro|last2=Tack|first2=Jan|title=Gastroparesis: Current Concepts and Management|journal=Gut and Liver|date=30 September 2009 | volume=3 |issue=3| pages=166–173 | doi=10.5009/gnl.2009.3.3.166 | pmc=2852706}}</ref>
A large number of studies have indicated that most cases of [[peptic ulcer]]s, and [[gastritis]], in humans are caused by ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' infection, and an association has been seen with the development of stomach cancer.<ref name="Brown">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=LM|title=Helicobacter pylori: epidemiology and routes of transmission.|journal=Epidemiologic Reviews|date=2000|volume=22|issue=2|pages=283–97|pmid=11218379}}</ref>
A [[stomach rumble]] is actually noise from the intestines.-->
<!-- following unclear why under "diseases": -->Lambung harus menghasilkan lapisan mukus baru setiap dua minggu. Kalau tidak, akan terjadi kerusakan epitelium.
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In humans, many [[bariatric surgery]] procedures involve the stomach, in order to lose weight. A [[Adjustable gastric band|gastric band]] may be placed around the cardia area, which can adjust to limit intake. The [[Sleeve gastrectomy|anatomy of the stomach may be modified]], or the stomach may be [[Gastric bypass surgery|bypassed entirely]].
Surgical removal of the stomach is called a [[gastrectomy]], and removal of the cardia area is a called a '''cardiectomy'''. "Cardiectomy" is a term that is also used to describe the removal of the [[heart]].<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cardiectomy cardiectomy] at dictionary.reference.com</ref><ref
==History==
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===Etymology===
The word ''stomach'' is derived from the [[Latin]] ''{{lang|la|stomachus}}'' which is derived from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] word ''stomachos'' ({{lang|el|στόμαχος}}), ultimately from ''stoma'' ({{lang|el|στόμα}}), "mouth".<ref>{{cite book|author=Simpson, J. A. |title=The Oxford English dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic20imp |date=1989|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780198611868|edition=2nd|at=Stomach}}</ref> The words ''gastro-'' and ''gastric'' (meaning related to the stomach) are both derived from the Greek word ''gaster'' ({{lang|el|γαστήρ}}, meaning "belly"<ref>[http://classic.studylight.org/lex/grk/view.cgi?number=1064 gasth/r]. The New Testament Greek Lexicon</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gaster?r=75&src=ref&ch=dic gaster]. dictionary.reference.com</ref>).<ref>{{cite book|author=Simpson, J. A. |title=The Oxford English dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic20imp |date=1989|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780198611868|edition=2nd|at=Gastro, Gastric}}</ref>
-->
== Hewan ==
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<!--▼
Meskipun bentuk dan ukuran lambung berbeda di antara hewan-hewan [[vertebrata]], posisi relatif pintu esofagus dan duodenum tetap relatif konstan. Akibatnya, organ ini selalu agak melengkung ke kiri sebelum melengkung kembali untuk bertemu dengan ''pyloric sphincter''. Namun, [[:en:lamprey|''lamprey'']], [[:en:hagfish|''hagfish'']], ''[[chimaera]], [[:en:lungfish|lungfish]]'', dan sejumlah ikan [[:en:teleost|teleost]] tidak mempunyai lambung sama sekali, dengan esofagus langsung terbuka ke [[anus]]. Semua hewan ini mengkonsumsi makanan yang hanya membutuhkan sedikit tempat penyimpanan, atau tanpa dicerna terlebih dahulu dengan cairan lambung, atau keduanya.<ref name=VB>{{cite book |author=Romer, Alfred Sherwood|author2=Parsons, Thomas S.|year=1977 |title=The Vertebrate Body |url=https://archive.org/details/vertebratebody0000rome_a5a9|publisher=Holt-Saunders International |location= Philadelphia, PA|pages= [https://archive.org/details/vertebratebody0000rome_a5a9/page/345 345]–349|isbn= 0-03-910284-X}}</ref>
▲<!--
The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to [[mammal]]s, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in humans. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. [[Ruminant]]s, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa.<ref name=VB/>
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In [[insect]]s there is also a crop. The insect stomach is called the ([[insect#Mid-gut|midgut]].
-->
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* [https://www.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/stomach ''Stomach'' (Lambung) pada Human Protein Atlas]
* [http://www.enotes.com/nursing-encyclopedia/stomach Artikel mengenai "Stomach" (Lambung) dalam Encyclopedia of Nursing & Allied Health, pada enotes.com]
* [http://www.med.uiuc.edu/m1/biochemistry/TA%20reviews/sam/AminoAcids.htm Pencernaan protein dalam lambung atau tiyan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310213747/http://www.med.uiuc.edu/m1/biochemistry/TA%20reviews/sam/AminoAcids.htm |date=2007-03-10 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027033803/http://uk.geocities.com/bacterial_ed/bacteria_and_food.htm
* [http://www.rahulgladwin.com/noteblog/gastroenterology/gastric-blood-supply.php Diagram medis suplai darah pada lambung]
{{sistem pencernaan}}
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[[Kategori:Sistem pencernaan]]
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