Layanan media over-the-top: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Layanan media '''over-the-top''' ('''OTT''') adalah layanan [[Media komunikasi|media]] yang ditawarkan [[Bisnis-ke-konsumen|langsung kepada penonton]] melalui [[Internet]]. OTT melewati platform [[televisi kabel]], [[siaran televisi]], dan [[televisi satelit]]; jenis perusahaan yang secara tradisional bertindak sebagai pengontrol atau distributor konten tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jarvey|first=Natalie|date=15 September 2017|title=Can CBS Change the Streaming Game With 'Star Trek: Discovery'?|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/can-cbs-change-streaming-game-star-trek-discovery-1037576|publisher=The Holywood Reporter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028043908/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/can-cbs-change-streaming-game-star-trek-discovery-1037576|archive-date=2017-10-28|access-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ini juga telah digunakan untuk menggambarkan ponsel tanpa operator, yang dengannya semua komunikasi dibebankan sebagai data,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weaver|first=Todd|date=1 August 2019|title=What a No-Carrier Phone Could Look Like|url=https://wp.puri.sm/posts/what-a-no-carrier-phone-could-look-like/|website=[[Purism (company)|Purism]]|access-date=2022-07-05|archive-date=2021-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130014615/https://wp.puri.sm/posts/what-a-no-carrier-phone-could-look-like/|dead-url=no}}</ref> menghindari [[Pasar monopolistik|persaingan monopolistik]], atau aplikasi untuk ponsel yang mengirimkan data dengan cara ini, termasuk keduanya yang menggantikan metode panggilan lainnya<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fitchard|first=Kevin|date=3 November 2014|title=Can you hear me now? Verizon, AT&T to make voice-over-LTE interoperable in 2015|url=https://gigaom.com/2014/11/03/can-you-hear-me-now-verizon-att-to-make-voice-over-lte-interoperable-in-2015/|website=gigaom.com|access-date=2022-07-05|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111203158/https://gigaom.com/2014/11/03/can-you-hear-me-now-verizon-att-to-make-voice-over-lte-interoperable-in-2015/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="horoscope2">{{Cite web|title=Why Startups Are Beating Carriers (Or The Curious Case Of The Premium SMS Horoscope Service & The Lack Of Customer Consent)|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/03/25/startups-beating-carriers/|website=TechCrunch|access-date=2022-07-05|archive-date=2020-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923070020/https://techcrunch.com/2013/03/25/startups-beating-carriers/|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan yang memperbarui perangkat lunak.<ref name="horoscope2" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 26, 2014|title=A Closer Look At Blackphone, The Android Smartphone That Simplifies Privacy|url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/02/26/close-look-at-blackphone/|website=TechCrunch|access-date=2022-07-05|archive-date=2020-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919200600/https://techcrunch.com/2014/02/26/close-look-at-blackphone/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|last=Tariq|first=Haseeb|title=Council Post: What Is OTT Advertising, And Why Is It A Trend?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2021/02/08/what-is-ott-advertising-and-why-is-it-a-trend/|website=Forbes|access-date=2022-07-05|archive-date=2022-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421040948/https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2021/02/08/what-is-ott-advertising-and-why-is-it-a-trend/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Istilah ini paling identik dengan layanan berbasis [[:en:Subscription business model|langganan]] [[video sesuai permintaan]] (SVoD) yang menawarkan akses ke konten film dan televisi (termasuk serial yang sudah ada yang diperoleh dari produsen lain, serta konten asli yang diproduksi khusus untuk layanan tersebut).<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|last=Tariq|first=Haseeb|title=Council Post: What Is OTT Advertising, And Why Is It A Trend?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2021/02/08/what-is-ott-advertising-and-why-is-it-a-trend/|website=Forbes|access-date=2022-07-05|archive-date=2022-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421040948/https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2021/02/08/what-is-ott-advertising-and-why-is-it-a-trend/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
OTT juga mencakup gelombang layanan televisi "skinny" yang menawarkan akses ke siaran langsung [[saluran khusus]] bergaris, mirip dengan penyedia TV satelit atau kabel tradisional, tetapi dialirkan melalui [[Internet]] publik, daripada jaringan pribadi [[Platform tertutup|tertutup]] dengan peralatan berpemilik seperti [[Dekoder (televisi)|dekoder]].{{Citation-needed|date=March 2021}}
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== Kontroversi layanan OTT di Indonesia ==
Layanan OTT menuai kontroversi bagi perusahaan telekomunikasi di Indonesia hingga pada tahun 2014 Beberapa kalangan seperti pemerintah Indonesia berniat untuk membentuk peraturan mengenai batasan para pemain OTT.<ref name="selular.id" /> Pemerintah Indonesia juga berniat untuk menetapkan pajak bagi pemain OTT.<ref name="selular.id" /> Alasannya, para operator merugi karena jasa SMS atau telepon semakin jarang digunakan, pelanggan lebih sering berkomunikasi via jaringan data.<ref name="selular.id">{{cite journal|author=Taba|first=Abdul Salam|date=1 Desember 2014|year=2014|title=Kontroversi Layanan OTT|url=http://selular.id/insight/2014/12/kontroversi-layanan-ott/|journal=Kontroversi Layanan OTT|access-date=2015-02-28|archive-date=2015-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403092814/http://selular.id/insight/2014/12/kontroversi-layanan-ott/|dead-url=no}}
== Jenis konten ==
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'''Televisi OTT''', biasanya disebut [[Televisi Internet|televisi online, televisi internet atau siaran televisi]], tetap menjadi konten OTT paling populer. Sinyal ini diterima melalui Internet atau melalui jaringan telepon seluler, sebagai lawan dari menerima sinyal televisi dari siaran terestrial atau satelit. Distributor video mengontrol akses melalui aplikasi, dongle OTT terpisah, atau box yang terhubung ke telepon, PC, atau perangkat smart TV. Pada pertengahan 2017, 58 persen rumah tangga Amerika Serikat akan mengakses satu di bulan tertentu, dan pendapatan iklan dari saluran OTT melebihi dari plug-in browser web.
Rekor pengguna serentak yang menonton acara OTT ditetapkan pada 18,6 juta oleh platform siaran video India [[Disney]], [[Disney+ Hotstar|Hotstar]].<ref>Manish Singh; [https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/12/hotstar-disneys-indian-streaming-service-sets-new-global-record-for-live-viewership/Hotstar, Disney’s Indian streaming service, sets new global record for live viewership] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705234030/https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/12/hotstar-disneys-indian-streaming-service-sets-new-global-record-for-live-viewership/ |date=2022-07-05 }}, Techcrunch, 12 May 2019 (retrieved 12 May 2019).</ref>
'''Pesan OTT''' didefinisikan sebagai layanan [[pesan instan]] atau [[obrolan daring]] yang disediakan oleh pihak ketiga, sebagai alternatif layanan [[pesan teks]] yang disediakan oleh [[operator jaringan seluler]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 May 2013|title=Chart of the Day: Mobile Messaging|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-of-the-day-mobile-messaging-2013-5|website=Business Insider|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222070154/http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-of-the-day-mobile-messaging-2013-5|archive-date=2014-02-22|access-date=10 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Maytom|first=Tim|date=4 August 2014|title=Over-The-Top Messaging Apps Overtake SMS Messaging|url=http://mobilemarketingmagazine.com/over-the-top-messaging-overtakes-sms|website=Mobile Marketing Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907085209/http://mobilemarketingmagazine.com/over-the-top-messaging-overtakes-sms|archive-date=2015-09-07|access-date=28 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Contohnya adalah aplikasi seluler milik [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] [[WhatsApp]], yang berfungsi untuk menggantikan pesan teks pada ponsel pintar yang terhubung ke Internet.<ref name="wsj20140220">{{Cite news|last=Albergotti|first=Reed|last2=MacMillan|first2=Douglas|last3=Rusli|first3=Evelyn|date=20 February 2014|title=Facebook's $18 Billion Deal Sets High Bar|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref name="Parmy Olsen">{{Cite web|last=Rao|first=Leena|date=4 September 2015|title=WhatsApp hits 900 million users|url=http://fortune.com/2015/09/04/whatsapp-900-million-users/|website=Fortune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128054624/http://fortune.com/2015/09/04/whatsapp-900-million-users/|archive-date=2016-01-28|access-date=27 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Penyedia pesan OTT lainnya termasuk [[Viber]], [[WeChat]], iMessage, [[Skype]], [[Telegram (aplikasi)|Telegram]] dan yang sekarang sudah tidak ada [[Allo|Google Allo]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 Oct 2016|title=Apps Roundup: Best Messaging Apps|url=http://www.tomsguide.com/us/pictures-story/654-best-messaging-apps.html|website=Tom's Guide|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214102110/http://www.tomsguide.com/us/pictures-story/654-best-messaging-apps.html|archive-date=2017-02-14|access-date=2017-02-14|url-status=live}}</ref>
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== Mode akses ==
Konsumen dapat mengakses konten OTT melalui perangkat yang [[Akses internet|terhubung ke Internet]] seperti [[Ponsel cerdas|ponsel]] (termasuk perangkat seluler [[Android (sistem operasi)|Android]] dan [[iOS]]), smart TV (seperti [[Google TV]], Roku TV, dan [[LG Electronics]] 'Channel Plus),<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roettgers, Janko|date=8 January 2016|title=LG's New TVs Mix Streaming Channels from Buzzfeed, GQ & Vogue with Traditional Networks|url=https://variety.com/2016/digital/news/lgs-webos-internet-tv-channels-1201675137/|journal=Variety|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203122444/http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/lgs-webos-internet-tv-channels-1201675137/|archive-date=2017-02-03|access-date=26 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dekoder (televisi)|dekoder]] (seperti seperti [[Apple TV]], Nvidia Shield, Fire TV, dan Roku ), [[konsol permainan]] (seperti [[PlayStation 4]], [[Wii U]], [[Xbox One]], [[PlayStation 5]], dan [[Xbox Series X dan Series S|Xbox Series X/S]]), [[Komputer tablet|tablet]], serta komputer desktop dan laptop. Pada 2019, pengguna [[Android (sistem operasi)|Android]] dan [[iOS]] mencapai lebih dari 45% dari total penonton siaran konten OTT, sementara 39% pengguna menggunakan web untuk mengakses konten OTT.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=James|date=2019-01-24|title=OTT Content: What We Learned From 1.1 Million Subscribers|url=https://www.uscreen.tv/blog/ott-content-trends/|website=Uscreen|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-01|archive-date=2020-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102100301/https://www.uscreen.tv/blog/ott-content-trends/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
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