Letusan dan tsunami Hunga Tonga 2022: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Letusan besar [[Hunga Tonga]], sebuah pulau vulkanik di [[Tonga]] di [[Samudra Pasifik]], terjadi pada 14 Januari 2022. Hunga Tonga terletak 65 km di utara [[Tongatapu]], pulau utama Tonga dan dan merupakan bagian dari [[busur vulkanik]] Tonga–[[Kepulauan Kermadec]] yang sangat aktif, [[zona subduksi]] yang membentang dari utara-timur laut Selandia Baru hingga Fiji.<ref>{{cite gvp |vn=243040 |name=Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai}}</ref><ref>Clift, Peter D.; Rose, Estelle F.; Shimizu, Nobumichi; Layne, Graham D.; Draut, Amy E.; and Regelous, Marcel. "Tracing the Evolving Flux From the Subducting Plate in the Tonga-Kermadec Arc System Using Boron in Volcanic Glass." ''Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.'' 65:19 (October 2001). {{doi|10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00670-6}}</ref><ref name="Gupta">Gupta, Alok K. ''Igneous Rocks.'' Mumbai, India: Allied Publishers, 1998. {{ISBN|81-7023-784-X}}</ref> Letusan ini menyebabkan [[tsunami]] di Tonga, [[Fiji]], dan [[Samoa Amerika]]. Peringatan tsunami dikeluarkan di Fiji, [[Samoa]], [[Vanuatu]], [[Selandia Baru]], [[Australia]], [[Jepang]], [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Meksiko]], [[Chili]], dan [[Ekuador]]. Gelombang tsunami yang merusak dilaporkan terjadi di Selandia Baru, Amerika Serikat, Chili dan Peru. Dua orang tenggelam di Peru ketika gelombang setinggi 2 meter menghantam pantai dan dua nelayan di Amerika Serikat menderita luka ringan. Peristiwa ini ialah [[daftar letusan gunung berapi terbesar pada abad ke-21|letusan gunung berapi terbesar abad ke-21]] hingga saat ini.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Tonga eruption likely the world's largest in 30 years - scientist|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459657/tonga-eruption-likely-the-world-s-largest-in-30-years-scientist|website=rnz.co.nz|date=17 January 2022|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116200252/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459657/tonga-eruption-likely-the-world-s-largest-in-30-years-scientist|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
== LatarAktivitas belakangvulkanik ==
Setelah cenderung tidak aktif sejak 2014,<ref>{{cite news|first=Aina J.|last=Khan|title=Tsunami Reported in Tonga After an Underwater Volcano Eruption|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/15/world/asia/tonga-volcano-tsunami.html|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> gunung berapi [[Hunga Tonga]] meletus pada 20 Desember 2021 dengan mengirimkan partikulat ke stratosfer dan gumpalan abu besar yang terlihat dari ibu kota [[Tonga]] [[Nuku'alofa]] (sekitar 70 km dari gunung berapi).<ref name=MT2021a/> [[Pusat Penasihat Abu Vulkanik]] (Volcanic Ash Advisory Center, VAAC) di [[Wellington]], [[Selandia Baru]], mengeluarkan pemberitahuan kepada maskapai penerbangan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2021_2.txt |title=VA ADVISORY |publisher=VAAC |date=19 December 2021 |access-date=20 December 2021 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220022535/http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2021_2.txt |url-status=live}}</ref> Ledakan terdengar hingga 170 kilometer dari pusat letusan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2021/12/undersea-volcano-sends-plume-of-steam-into-the-skies-near-tonga.html |title=Undersea volcano sends plume of steam into the skies near Tonga |newspaper=NewsHub |date=21 December 2021 |access-date=21 December 2021 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220222140/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2021/12/undersea-volcano-sends-plume-of-steam-into-the-skies-near-tonga.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Letusan awal ini berakhir pada 02:00 21 Desember.<ref name=MT2021a>{{cite web |url=https://matangitonga.to/2021/12/21/funeral-flight-tonga-cancelled-hunga-eruption |title=Air NZ funeral flight to Tonga cancelled as Hunga eruption continues |publisher=Matangi Tonga |author=Mary Lyn Fonua |date=21 December 2021 |access-date=21 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221062554/https://matangitonga.to/2021/12/21/funeral-flight-tonga-cancelled-hunga-eruption |archive-date=21 December 2021}}</ref> Aktivitas vulkanik terus berlanjut dan ukuran pulau ini membesar pada citra satelit pada 25 Desember.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/458609/tonga-volcano-grows-in-size-as-eruption-continues-for-sixth-day |title=Tonga volcano grows in size as eruption continues for sixth day |publisher=RNZ |date=25 December 2021 |access-date=26 December 2021 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225214410/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/458609/tonga-volcano-grows-in-size-as-eruption-continues-for-sixth-day |url-status=live}}</ref> Karena aktivitas di pulau itu menurun, pulau itu dinyatakan tidak aktif pada 11 Januari 2022.<ref name="1News1"/><ref name="Bohol109">{{Cite web|author=Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga.|date=January 10, 2022|title=7 Days with no further eruption from Hunga Volcano. It is now declared dormant.|url=https://www.facebook.com/tongageologicalservice/posts/232425525715182|url-status=live|access-date=January 17, 2022|via=[[Facebook]]|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220117131239/https://www.facebook.com/tongageologicalservice/posts/232425525715182}}</ref>
 
Tsunami biasanya dipicu oleh [[gempa bumi]] alih-alih gunung berapi.<ref name=kreiger_15012022>{{cite news|first=Lisa M.|last=Krieger|title=Volcanic tsunamis: Why they are so difficult to predict|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Mercury News|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/01/15/volcanic-tsunamis-why-they-are-so-difficult-to-predict/|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Nick |last=Perry|title=Tsunami threat recedes from huge Pacific volcanic eruption|date=16 January 2022|newspaper=The Washington Post|agency=AP|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/tonga-issues-tsunami-warning-after-undersea-volcano-erupts/2022/01/15/a0ea00b2-75d6-11ec-a26d-1c21c16b1c93_story.html|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref> Kurang dari 100 tsunami vulkanik tercatat dalam dua abad sebelumnya.<ref name=kreiger_15012022/>
 
== Letusan ==
[[Berkas:G17 sector tsp GEOCOLOR 24fr 20220115-0412.gif|jmpl|ki|upright=1.2|Pengamatan letusan selama empat jam di atas Samudra Pasifik selatan dari satelit [[GOES-17|GOES-West]].]]
Sebuah letusan besar yang bermula pada 14 Januari mengirimkan awan abu sejauh 20 kilometer ke atmosfer. Pemerintah Tonga mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami kepada warga.<ref name="RNZ 1">{{cite news |title=Underwater volcano Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai erupts again |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459572/underwater-volcano-hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-erupts-again |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=14 January 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114115608/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459572/underwater-volcano-hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-erupts-again |url-status=live}}</ref> Pemerintah Tonga mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami kepada warga.<ref name="1News2">{{cite news |title=Tonga tsunami warning lifted, volcano still being monitored |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/15/tonga-tsunami-warning-lifted-volcano-still-being-monitored/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[1 News]] |date=14 January 2022}}</ref> Geologiwan Tonga di dekat gunung berapi mengamati ledakan dan kolom abu selebar 5 kilometer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://matangitonga.to/2022/01/15/tongan-geologists-stunning-Jan14eruptions |title=Tongan geologists observe stunning eruptions at Hunga |publisher=Matangi Tonga |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054357/https://matangitonga.to/2022/01/15/tongan-geologists-stunning-Jan14eruptions |archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>
 
Keesokan harinya, letusan yang jauh lebih besar terjadi sekitar 17:15 (04:15 UTC).<ref name="ANSS5.8"/> VAAC kembali menerbitkan pemberitahuan kepada maskapai penerbangan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2022_18.txt |title=VA ADVISORY |publisher=VAAC Wellington |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055857/http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2022_18.txt |archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Abu dari letusan ini mendarat di pulau utama Tonga sehingga menutupi matahari dan mengubah siang menjadi malam. Ledakan keras terdengar di Nuku'alofa serta batu-batu kecil dan abu menghujani dari langit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kanivatonga.nz/2022/01/new-tsunami-warning-as-waves-hitting-tonga/ |title=New tsunami warning as waves hitting Tonga |publisher=Kaniva Tonga |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Banyak penduduk di Tonga terjebak dalam kemacetan saat mencoba melarikan diri ke tempat yang lebih tinggi.<ref name="Cheer">{{cite news |author1=Louise Cheer |title=Tsunami hits Tonga after 'catastrophic' volcano eruption |url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/tsunami-hits-tonga-after-catastrophic-volcano-eruption-060809732.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Yahoo News Australia |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Ledakan itu terdengar hingga Samoa kira-kira sejauh 840 kilometer sebelum suara itu menyebar ke negara-negara yang lebih jauh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fijivillage |title=Loud thundery sounds being experienced in Fiji are from the huge volcanic eruption in Tonga |url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Loud-thundery-sounds-being-experienced-in-Fiji-are-from-the-huge-volcanic-eruption-in-Tonga--5r4xf8/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=www.fijivillage.com |language=en |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115065202/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Loud-thundery-sounds-being-experienced-in-Fiji-are-from-the-huge-volcanic-eruption-in-Tonga--5r4xf8/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/300496665/screams-everywhere-tsunami-waves-crash-through-homes-in-tonga-after-eruption |title='Screams everywhere': Tsunami waves crash through homes in Tonga after eruption |first1=Hannah |last1=Martin |first2=Skara |last2=Bohny |first3=Stephanie |last3=Ockhuysen |first4=Torika |last4=Tokalau |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Penduduk di Fiji mendengar suara guntur, sementara dentuman letusan juga dilaporkan di [[Niue]], [[Samoa]], dan [[Vanuatu]].<ref name=rnz4>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Cyclone Cody: Latest developments from New Zealand and the Pacific after Tonga tsunami and eruption |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459631/cyclone-cody-latest-developments-from-new-zealand-and-the-pacific-after-tonga-tsunami-and-eruption |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=2022-01-16 |access-date=2022-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116131325/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459631/cyclone-cody-latest-developments-from-new-zealand-and-the-pacific-after-tonga-tsunami-and-eruption |archive-date=16 January 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=talanei>{{cite news |first=Monica |last=Miller |title=Prayers for the people of Tonga |url=https://www.talanei.com/2022/01/15/prayers-for-the-people-of-tonga/ |work=[[Talanei]] |date=2022-01-15 |access-date=2022-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010642/https://www.talanei.com/2022/01/15/prayers-for-the-people-of-tonga/ |archive-date=17 January 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Getaran dan bangunan yang bergetar dilaporkan oleh penduduk di barat daya Niue, sekitar [[Alofi]] dan [[Avatele]].<ref name=tvniue>{{cite news |first=Esther |last=Pavihi |title=Yesterday’s Hunga-Tonga volcano eruption was heard and felt in Niue but no tsunami impact |url=https://tvniue.com/2022/01/yesterdays-hunga-tonga-volcano-eruption-was-heard-and-felt-in-niue-but-no-tsunami-impact/ |work=[[Television Niue]] |date=2022-01-16 |access-date=2022-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116132633/https://tvniue.com/2022/01/yesterdays-hunga-tonga-volcano-eruption-was-heard-and-felt-in-niue-but-no-tsunami-impact/ |archive-date=16 January 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ledakan terdengar di seluruh Selandia Baru hingga [[Yukon]] di [[Kanada]].<ref name="Smith">{{cite news|author1=Oli Smith|title=Tonga tsunami: Satellite footage shows moment of volcanic shockwave - apocalyptic scenes|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1550449/Tonga-tsunami-volcano-eruption-video-satellite-footage-American-Samoa-evacuation-vn|access-date=15 January 2022|publisher=Daily Express|date=15 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155102/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1550449/Tonga-tsunami-volcano-eruption-video-satellite-footage-American-Samoa-evacuation-vn|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/noise-from-underwater-volcanic-eruption-across-the-pacific-heard-in-the-yukon-1.6316510|title=Noise from underwater volcanic eruption across the Pacific heard in the Yukon|date=15 January 2022|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|website=cbc.ca|last=Carroll|first=Luke|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115190844/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/noise-from-underwater-volcanic-eruption-across-the-pacific-heard-in-the-yukon-1.6316510|url-status=live}}</ref> Dari luar angkasa, [[kolom letusan]] yang sangat lebar dan gelombang kejut tertangkap menyebar melintasi Samudra Pasifik oleh satelit.<ref name="Smith"/> Gelombang tekanan diukur oleh stasiun cuaca di seluruh Selandia Baru pada amplitudo maksimum sekitar 7 [[hPa]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2022-01-15|title=A pressure surge from the latest eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano in Tonga has been observed in our weather stations across the country this evening. Note, times are in UTC, so 06:00 UTC is 19:00 NZ Time.|url=https://twitter.com/metservice/status/1482247777891799042|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Twitter |archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://archive.md/CMs5G}}</ref> Gelombang tekanan juga direkam oleh stasiun cuaca di Australia, dengan amplitudo sebesar 6,9 hPa diukur di [[Pulau Lord Howe]] dan amplitudo sebesar 3,3 hPa di [[Perth]], Australia Barat.<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1482592498992427009|user=BOM_au|title=Bureau data shows the shockwave from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption travelled at over 1000 km/h and was recorded as a noticeable jump in atmospheric pressure across Australia. By the time it reached Perth it had travelled almost 7,000 kilometres.|author=Bureau of Meteorology, Australia|date=16 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://archive.md/0CD9p}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Grubb|first1=Ben|last2=Noyes|first2=Jenny |last3=Han|first3=Esther|date=15 January 2022|title=Waves crash into Tonga homes as tsunami warnings sound across the Pacific|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/footage-shows-waves-crashing-into-homes-as-tsunami-warning-sounds-in-tonga-20220115-p59ohh.html|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155103/https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/footage-shows-waves-crashing-into-homes-as-tsunami-warning-sounds-in-tonga-20220115-p59ohh.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1482282515616645123|user=Ben_Domensino|title=This is phenomenal. It appears the atmospheric pressure waves created by the #Tonga #volcano have been detected on Australia's east coast. This graph shows MSLP fluctuating in Sydney around the same time satellite images showed the pressure wave reaching eastern Australia.|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://archive.md/gJxET}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |number=1482312272479686659|user=Ben_Domensino|title=The pressure wave was also detected in #Perth, WA around 6:30pm AWST, some 6,900km away from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai volcano.|date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Fluktuasi tekanan sebesar 2,5 hPa diukur di [[Swiss]] dan lebih dari 2 hPa ketika mencapai [[Britania Raya]].<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Jörg Kachelmann|user=Kachelmann|date=15 January 2022|access-date=15 January 2022|title=Unglaublich: Die Druckwelle aus #Tonga ist gerade in der Schweiz angekommen, 2,5 hPa Ausschlag. |number=1482441437216133127}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|author=UK Met Office|user=metoffice|date=16 January 2022|access-date=16 January 2022|title=Our atmosphere acts as a fluid, like dropping a pebble in a still pond and seeing the ripples. A UK pressure trace for the past 24 hours shows how our atmosphere continues to see those ripples since the first pressure wave from the #Tonga eruption arrived on Saturday evening.|number=1482605906659622914}}</ref> [[Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat]] mencatat magnitudo gelombang permukaan letusan tersebut yaitu 5,8 [[skala kekuatan momen|M<sub>w</sub>]].<ref name="ANSS5.8"/>
Baris 49 ⟶ 46:
 
Pengamatan awal menunjukkan bahwa kolom letusan menyemburkan banyak material vulkanik ke stratosfer. Letusan ini berpotensi menyebabkan beberapa efek iklim sementara.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=Weather_West |number=1482371720237490178 |title=It appears likely that massive Hunga-Tonga eruption produced powerful enough eruption plume to inject significant amount of material well into stratosphere. Violent eruption of tropical volcano like this fits profile of event that could have small, temporary climate effect...}}</ref> Perhitungan selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa letusan ini menyuntikkan sekitar 0,4 teragram sulfur dioksida ke stratosfer dan tidak mungkin memiliki efek pendinginan global.<ref>{{cite web|last=Morton|first=Jamie|date=17 January 2022|title=No, Hunga-Tonga eruption won't slow global warming|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/no-hunga-tonga-eruption-wont-slow-global-warming/MWLPEPNRN4VRRSLRAB6OR6QT7E/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/dA1vr|archive-date=17 January 2022|access-date=17 January 2022|website=New Zealand Herald}}</ref> Meskipun demikian, letusan ini dapat memiliki efek pendinginan di [[Belahan Bumi Selatan]], sehingga menyebabkan musim dingin yang sedikit lebih dingin dan matahari terbenam yang spektakuler. Menurut ilmuwan iklim Jim Salinger, orang yang tinggal di Belahan Bumi Selatan dapat memperkirakan matahari terbenam berwarna ungu beberapa bulan setelah letusan. Efek pendinginan 0,1-0,5 °C dapat berlangsung hingga musim semi.<ref name="Cardwell">{{cite news|author1=Hamish Cardwell|title=Tonga eruption could have 'cooling effect' on southern hemisphere|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459707/tonga-eruption-could-have-cooling-effect-on-southern-hemisphere-scientist|access-date=17 January 2022|publisher=Radio New Zealand|date=17 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117070946/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459707/tonga-eruption-could-have-cooling-effect-on-southern-hemisphere|url-status=live}}</ref> Vulkanolog dari [[Universitas Auckland]] Shane Cronin menggambarkan letusan ini sebagai peristiwa sekali dalam seribu tahun untuk kaldera Hunga dan menyatakan bahwa peristiwa ini dapat menempati hingga peringkat 5 dalam [[indeks ledakan vulkanik]].<ref>{{cite web|date=16 January 2022|title=Tonga volcano eruption and tsunami: No power, communications still down|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459628/tonga-volcano-eruption-and-tsunami-no-power-communications-still-down|url-status=live|access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=RNZ|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115220452/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459628/tonga-volcano-eruption-and-tsunami-no-power-communications-still-down}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theconversation.com/why-the-volcanic-eruption-in-tonga-was-so-violent-and-what-to-expect-next-175035|title=Why the volcanic eruption in Tonga was so violent, and what to expect next|publisher=The Conversation|author=Shane Cronin|date=16 January 2022|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115220616/https://theconversation.com/why-the-volcanic-eruption-in-tonga-was-so-violent-and-what-to-expect-next-175035|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
 
Tsunami biasanya dipicu oleh [[gempa bumi]] alih-alih gunung berapi.<ref name=kreiger_15012022>{{cite news|first=Lisa M.|last=Krieger|title=Volcanic tsunamis: Why they are so difficult to predict|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Mercury News|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/01/15/volcanic-tsunamis-why-they-are-so-difficult-to-predict/|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Nick |last=Perry|title=Tsunami threat recedes from huge Pacific volcanic eruption|date=16 January 2022|newspaper=The Washington Post|agency=AP|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/tonga-issues-tsunami-warning-after-undersea-volcano-erupts/2022/01/15/a0ea00b2-75d6-11ec-a26d-1c21c16b1c93_story.html|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref> Kurang dari 100 tsunami vulkanik tercatat dalam dua abad sebelumnya.<ref name=kreiger_15012022/>
 
== Tsunami ==
Baris 69 ⟶ 68:
=== Asia ===
Di [[Amami]], [[Prefektur Kagoshima|Kagoshima]], [[Jepang]], tsunami setinggi 1,2 meter dilaporkan pada 11:55 [[Waktu Standar Jepang|JST]]. Di [[Tosashimizu]], [[Prefektur Kochi|Kochi]], tsunami setinggi 0,9 meter.<ref name="TBS">{{cite news |title=【速報】各地で津波を観測 |url=https://news.tbs.co.jp/newseye/tbs_newseye4448812.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[TBS News]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115161218/https://news.tbs.co.jp/newseye/tbs_newseye4448812.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="toonippo">{{cite news |title=津波情報=気象庁発表(津波観測に関する情報) |url=https://www.toonippo.co.jp/articles/-/832840 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Web Tooku |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115170704/https://www.toonippo.co.jp/articles/-/832840 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tsunami berukuran 0,9 meter juga dilaporkan di [[Chichijima]] Futami.<ref name="Sankei">{{cite news |title=奄美に1・2メートルの津波到達 トンガ噴火影響か |url=https://www.sankei.com/article/20220116-XAGFJOVSKRO57HUWY5PSLWOAWI/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Sankei Shimbun]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115160429/https://www.sankei.com/article/20220116-XAGFJOVSKRO57HUWY5PSLWOAWI/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Di pantai Tohoku, gelombang setinggi 0,7 meter melanda pada 00:38 16 Januari. Di Pelabuhan [[Sendai]], tsunami mencapai 0,9 meter pada 00:08.<ref name="kahoku">{{cite news |title=仙台港などでも津波観測 トンガ沖・海底火山噴火 |url=https://kahoku.news/articles/20220116khn000002.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Kahoku News |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115171633/https://kahoku.news/articles/20220116khn000002.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Di [[Prefektur Iwate|Iwate]], tsunami setinggi 1,1 meter tercatat pada 02:26 16 Januari. Gelombang tsunami kurang dari satu meter dilaporkan di sepanjang pantai Pasifik [[Hokkaido]]. Ini adalah peringatan tsunami pertama di negara ini sejak [[gempa bumi Fukushima 2016]].<ref name="JP">{{cite news |title=Japan's Pacific coast hit by tsunami waves after Tonga eruption |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/01/16/national/japan-tsunami-tonga-volcano/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[The Japan Times]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115191114/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/01/16/national/japan-tsunami-tonga-volcano/ |url-status=live }}</ref> JMA menyebut tsunami melanda 2,5 jam lebih awal daripada yang diperkirakan.<ref>{{cite news |title=JMA: Tsunami from eruption lacks usual features |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_34/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116105730/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_34/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Di [[Pulau Jeju]], [[Korea Selatan]], terdapat fluktuasi setinggi 15-20 sentimeter di permukaan laut.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choi|first=Woo-ri|url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/1027664.html|title=[News analysis] Volcano eruption in Tonga not likely to be last of this century, scientists warn|date=17 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220117160145/https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/1027664.html|url-status=live|access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref>
 
[[Kepulauan Kuril]] di Rusia dilanda gelombang tsunami setinggi sekitar 20 sentimeter.<ref name=nyt_16012022/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Храмова|first=Светлана|last2=Гуськова|first2=Анастасия|date=2022-01-15|title=На Курилах объявили угрозу цунами|trans-title=Threat of tsunami has been declared in Kuril Islands|url=https://iz.ru/1277660/2022-01-15/na-kurilakh-obiavili-ugrozu-tcunami|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115191545/https://iz.ru/1277660/2022-01-15/na-kurilakh-obiavili-ugrozu-tcunami|archive-date=15 January 2022|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Известия|language=ru}}</ref> Dua pelabuhan telah diperingatkan terkait ini.<ref name=":1"/>
 
=== Amerika ===
Di [[Peru]], gelombangtsunami setinggi 2 meter di [[Lambayeque]] menewaskan dua orang.<ref name="Parra" /> Gelombang setinggi 0,68 meter tercatat di pelabuhan [[Callao]], 0,72 meter di Distrik [[Marcona]], dan 0,65 meter di [[Paita]].<ref name="CNN1">{{cite news |title=Perú: Oleaje anómalo afectó al litoral peruano a pesar que la Armada había descartado un tsunami en las costas del país |url=https://www.cnnchile.com/mundo/peru-oleaje-litoral-marina-descarto-tsunami-costas_20220115/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[CNN]] Chile |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050617/https://www.cnnchile.com/mundo/peru-oleaje-litoral-marina-descarto-tsunami-costas_20220115/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tsunami setinggi 2 meter di [[Lambayeque]] menewaskan dua orang.<ref name="Parra" />
 
Gelombang tsunami tertinggi di Amerika Serikat ialah gelombang setinggi 1,3 meter di [[Port San Luis]] serta 1,1 meter di [[Distrik Bersejarah Arena Cove|Arena Cove]] dan [[Crescent City]], California.<ref name=nyt_16012022/><ref name=mercurynews_15012022/> Gelombang tsunami yang signifikan dilaporkan menghantam [[Pelabuhan Santa Cruz]] dan tempat parkirnya dilanda banjir setinggi sekitar 0,91 meter,<ref name="CBSSF"/><ref name=mercurynews_15012022>{{cite news|title=Tsunami surges, some flooding in the Bay Area after Pacific volcano eruption|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Mercury News|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-bay-area-following-volcanic-eruption/|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115213626/https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-bay-area-following-volcanic-eruption/|url-status=live}}</ref> manakala Soquel Creek Soquel Creek di kota jiran [[Capitola]] mengalir mundur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/video/6186680-tsunami-coverage-waters-of-soquel-creek-reverse-during-tsunami-surge/|title=Tsunami Coverage: Waters of Soquel Creek Reverse During Tsunami Surge|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116215317/https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/video/6186680-tsunami-coverage-waters-of-soquel-creek-reverse-during-tsunami-surge/|url-status=live}}</ref> Pertandingan selancar dibatalkan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050607/https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |url-status=live }}</ref> Arus kuat di [[Half Moon Bay]] dilaporkan,<ref name="CBSSF">{{cite news |title=Tsunami Advisory Updated: Waves Rolling Into Santa Cruz Harbor; Live Aboard Residents Evacuated At Berkeley Marina |url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-northern-california-following-violent-volcanic-eruption-near-tonga/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[KPIX-TV]] |agency=Associated Press |date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155126/https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-northern-california-following-violent-volcanic-eruption-near-tonga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> manakala gelombang kecil teramati di [[Seal Beach]].<ref name="SCS1">{{cite news |author1=[[Associated Press]] |title=Volcano erupts in Pacific, West Coast under tsunami advisory |url=https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2022/01/15/volcano-erupts-in-pacific-west-coast-under-tsunami-advisory/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050635/https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2022/01/15/volcano-erupts-in-pacific-west-coast-under-tsunami-advisory/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Gelombang setinggi 0,37 meter tercatat di [[Nikolski]], [[Alaska]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McChesney |first=Rashah |date=2022-01-15 |title=A tsunami is arriving in Alaska from volcanic eruption in Tonga |url=https://www.ktoo.org/2022/01/15/tsunami-in-alaska-after-tonga-volcano-erupts/ |url-status=live |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=KTOO |language=en-US |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115180401/https://www.ktoo.org/2022/01/15/tsunami-in-alaska-after-tonga-volcano-erupts/ }}</ref>
 
Baris 78 ⟶ 81:
 
Di [[Pantai Pasifik Meksiko|pantai]] [[Guerrero]], [[Colima]], dan [[Semenanjung Baja California]], Meksiko, kenaikan permukaan laut dilaporkan dengan gelombang 0,30 meter hingga 0,61 meter.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-01-15 |title=México presentó elevación del nivel del mar en las costas del Pacífico por explosión de volcán en Tonga |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/01/15/mexico-presento-en-las-costas-del-pacifico-elevacion-del-nivel-del-mar-por-explosion-de-volcan-en-tonga/ |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=[[Infobae]] |language=es-MX |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115182359/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/01/15/mexico-presento-en-las-costas-del-pacifico-elevacion-del-nivel-del-mar-por-explosion-de-volcan-en-tonga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tingkat pasang maksimum 2,05 meter di [[Manzanillo]], Colima menurut Layanan Mareografi Institut Geofisika [[Universitas Otonom Nasional Meksiko]]. Tsunami ini memiliki amplitudo 1,19 meter di [[Zihuatanejo]]. Gelombang di bawah 1 meter tercatat di [[Acapulco]], [[Huatulco]], dan [[Salina Cruz]].<ref name="Paudal">{{cite news |title=Tonga: Tide in Manzanillo rose more than two meters due to tsunami |url=https://www.paudal.com/2022/01/16/tonga-tide-in-manzanillo-rose-more-than-two-meters-due-to-tsunami/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=Paudal |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050630/https://www.paudal.com/2022/01/16/tonga-tide-in-manzanillo-rose-more-than-two-meters-due-to-tsunami/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Di [[Peru]], gelombang setinggi 0,68 meter tercatat di pelabuhan [[Callao]], 0,72 meter di Distrik [[Marcona]], dan 0,65 meter di [[Paita]].<ref name="CNN1">{{cite news |title=Perú: Oleaje anómalo afectó al litoral peruano a pesar que la Armada había descartado un tsunami en las costas del país |url=https://www.cnnchile.com/mundo/peru-oleaje-litoral-marina-descarto-tsunami-costas_20220115/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[CNN]] Chile |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050617/https://www.cnnchile.com/mundo/peru-oleaje-litoral-marina-descarto-tsunami-costas_20220115/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tsunami setinggi 2 meter di [[Lambayeque]] menewaskan dua orang.<ref name="Parra" />
 
Di utara [[Chili]], gelombang setinggi 2 meter menghantam garis pantai. Video dan gambar di media sosial dari [[Wilayah Los Ríos]] menunjukkan tsunami merusak dermaga, membawa perahu, dan menghantam pantai.<ref name="Comercio2">{{cite news |title=Tsunami de casi 2 metros llega a la costa de Chile tras la erupción volcánica en Tonga |url=https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/tsunami-en-tonga-en-vivo-chile-evacua-casi-toda-la-costa-por-posible-tsunami-se-esperan-olas-de-viarios-metros-onemi-soha-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]] |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050619/https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/tsunami-en-tonga-en-vivo-chile-evacua-casi-toda-la-costa-por-posible-tsunami-se-esperan-olas-de-viarios-metros-onemi-soha-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tsunami setinggi 1.74 meter terjadi di [[Chañaral]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Australia sends surveillance flight to tsunami-hit Tonga as extent of damage still unknown |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-sends-surveillance-flight-to-tsunami-hit-tonga-as-extent-of-damage-still-unknown/f63d5a0e-3e93-4b66-8d37-5267e51b5786 |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=SBS News |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010201/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-sends-surveillance-flight-to-tsunami-hit-tonga-as-extent-of-damage-still-unknown/f63d5a0e-3e93-4b66-8d37-5267e51b5786 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Baris 106 ⟶ 107:
No warnings were issued to Peru initially. After the tsunami struck, authorities stopped all maritime activities at the coast. Twenty-two (22) ports along north and central Peru were closed due to tsunami activity.<ref name="Andina" />
 
ChileChili alsojuga issuedmengeluarkan aperingatan warning for a "minoruntuk tsunami" forkecil mostdi ofsebagian itsbesar coastalwilayah area,pesisirnya including the island oftermasuk [[EasterPulau IslandPaskah|Pulau Rapa Nui]]; evacuationdengan wasevakuasi declareddiumumkan for otheruntuk 12 regionswilayah lainnya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chile alerta sobre posible "tsunami menor" tras erupción de volcán en Tonga |trans-title=Chile alerts of a possible "minor tsunami" after volcanic eruption in Tonga |url=https://www.dw.com/es/chile-alerta-sobre-posible-tsunami-menor-tras-erupci%C3%B3n-de-volc%C3%A1n-en-tonga/a-60436791 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |language=Spanish |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115175314/https://www.dw.com/es/chile-alerta-sobre-posible-tsunami-menor-tras-erupci%C3%B3n-de-volc%C3%A1n-en-tonga/a-60436791 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Chile evacuó las costas de siete regiones por un posible "tsunami menor" tras la erupción del volcán submarino en Tonga|trans-title=Chile evacuated the coasts of seven regions due to a possible "minor tsunami" after the volcanic eruption in Tonga|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/01/15/chile-alerto-sobre-un-posible-tsunami-menor-en-la-isla-de-pascua-tras-la-erupcion-del-volcan-submarino-en-tonga/|work=[[Infobae]]|date=15 January 2022|access-date=15 January 2022|language=Spanish|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164304/https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/01/15/chile-alerto-sobre-un-posible-tsunami-menor-en-la-isla-de-pascua-tras-la-erupcion-del-volcan-submarino-en-tonga/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[HydrographicDinas andHidrografi Oceanographicdan ServiceOseanografi ofAngkatan theLaut Chilean NavyChili]] declaredmenyatakan aKeadaan "StateKewaspadaan ofdan Precaution"mengindikasikan andbahwa indicatedterdapat that there is a possibility of a minorkemungkinan tsunami inkecil thedi affecteddaerah regionsterdampak. LaterLalu, coastalpemberitahuan evacuationevakuasi noticespantai weredikeluarkan issued indi 14 of thedari 16 regionswilayah indi ChileChili. ATingkat "RedPeringatan alert"Merah leveldikeluarkan wasdi issuedlebih to more thandari 6,.400 km of itsgaris coastlinepantainya. The [[ONEMI|Chilean NationalKantor OfficeDarurat forNasional EmergencyChili]] (ONEMI) saidmenyebut thataktivitas tsunami activitydapat couldbertahan persistdalam overnightsemalam, sosehingga thosemereka impactedyang wouldterkena needdampak toperlu hold on tomempertahankan theirpersediaan emergencydan suppliesbantuan anddarurat aidmereka.<ref name="Comercio2">{{cite news |title=Tsunami de casi 2 metros llega a la costa de Chile tras la erupción volcánica en Tonga |url=https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/tsunami-en-tonga-en-vivo-chile-evacua-casi-toda-la-costa-por-posible-tsunami-se-esperan-olas-de-viarios-metros-onemi-soha-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]] |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050619/https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/tsunami-en-tonga-en-vivo-chile-evacua-casi-toda-la-costa-por-posible-tsunami-se-esperan-olas-de-viarios-metros-onemi-soha-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
EcuadorEkuador issuedmengeluarkan aperingatan warninggangguan ofmaritim maritime disturbance for theuntuk [[GalápagosKepulauan IslandsGalapagos]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ecuador con advertencia de tsunami en Galápagos por erupción en Tonga |trans-title=Ecuador with tsunami warning in Galapagos due to eruption in Tonga |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/tsunami-tonga_ecuador-con-advertencia-de-tsunami-en-gal%C3%A1pagos-por-erupci%C3%B3n-en-tonga/47265266 |access-date=16 January 2022 |agency=SwissInfo |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116115926/https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/tsunami-tonga_ecuador-con-advertencia-de-tsunami-en-gal%C3%A1pagos-por-erupci%C3%B3n-en-tonga/47265266 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Meksiko mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami untuk pantai di [[Baja California]], [[Jalisco]], [[Colima]], [[Michoacán]], [[Guerrero]], [[Oaxaca]] dan [[Chiapas]] serta mendesak penduduk untuk menghindari pantai dan memasuki kawasan perairan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pachecho |first1=Adriana |title=Tsunami en Tonga provoca actividades inusuales en costas de México |trans-title=Tsunami in Tonga causes unusual activities on the coast of Mexico |url=https://mexico.as.com/mexico/2022/01/15/actualidad/1642287383_640317.html |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Diario AS]] |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117120905/https://mexico.as.com/mexico/2022/01/15/actualidad/1642287383_640317.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
[[Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika]] memastikan tsunami tidak akan berdampak hingga Indonesia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20220115195425-199-747129/bmkg-tsunami-tonga-tak-sampai-ke-indonesia|title=BMKG: Tsunami Tonga Tak Sampai ke Indonesia|website=CNN Indonesia|date=15 Januari 2022|accessdate=15 Januari 2022}}</ref>
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!Jumlah
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!Beberapa
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=== Tonga ===
Setidaknya hingga 15 Januari, belumBelum ada informasi mengenai tingkat kerusakan dan korban dari Tonga karena masalah komunikasi.<ref name="gbp" /> Perdana Menteri Selandia Baru [[Jacinda Ardern]] menyatakan bahwa kabel bawah laut yang melayani Tonga terdampak mungkin karena pemadaman listrik dan pihak berwenang berusaha segera memulihkan komunikasi.<ref name="RNŹ" /> Rekaman video yang menunjukkan gelombang laut menghantam daerah pesisir di Tonga dilaporkan oleh ''[[Sky News]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsunami waves hit Tonga after undersea volcano eruption|url=https://news.sky.com/video/tsunami-waves-hit-tonga-after-undersea-volcano-eruption-12516512|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Sky News|language=en}}</ref> [[Pulau Atata|AtataAtatā]], sebuah pulau kecil di lepas ibu kota, dilaporkan tenggelam dan operasi penyelamatan sedang dilakukan. Terdapat beberapa laporan warga di Tonga yang kesulitan bernapas akibat abu.<ref name="1NewsLIVE" /> Pemerintah Tonga belum mengonfirmasi adanya korban jiwa dari letusan dan tsunami.<ref name="NZH1">{{cite news |title=Volcanic eruption: Warning Tonga's air 'toxic'; no reports of deaths following tsunami |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/volcanic-eruption-warning-tongas-air-toxic-no-reports-of-deaths-following-tsunami/H4XFH6YXPY53XIU53OP2ERHLLY/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050602/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/volcanic-eruption-tsunami-first-images-of-devastating-damage-as-tongan-residents-warned-air-toxic-water-contaminated/H4XFH6YXPY53XIU53OP2ERHLLY/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Menurut seorang pejabat Pemerintah Selandia Baru di Nuku'alofa, kerusakan parah terjadi di tepi laut Nuku'alofa karena dilanda tsunami dengan parah.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Massive Tonga Volcanic Eruption Caused "Significant Damage"|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/massive-tonga-volcanic-eruption-caused-significant-damage-2711861|access-date=16 January 2022|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116233432/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/massive-tonga-volcanic-eruption-caused-significant-damage-2711861|url-status=live}}</ref> Penjabat Komisioner Tinggi Peter Lund mengatakan bahwa beberapa orang belum ditemukan setelah letusan dan tsunami.<ref name="NHK2">{{cite news |title=NZ official: Some feared missing in Tonga |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_35/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116105726/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_35/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Pemilik salon tato berkewarganegaraan Britania Raya Angela Glover termasuk di antara orang-orang yang hilang karena tersapu tsunami ketika melanda Nuku'alofa.<ref name="Dreaver">{{cite news |author1=Barbara Dreaver |title=UK woman missing after being swept away in Tonga tsunami |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/16/uk-woman-missing-after-being-swept-away-in-tonga-tsunami/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[1 News]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010537/https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/16/uk-woman-missing-after-being-swept-away-in-tonga-tsunami/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tubuh Angela kemudian ditemukan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=17 January 2022|title=Tonga tsunami: Body of British woman swept away by wave found|url=https://news.sky.com/story/tonga-tsunami-body-of-british-woman-swept-away-by-wave-found-12518388|url-status=live|access-date=17 January 2022|website=Sky News|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117145228/https://news.sky.com/story/tonga-tsunami-body-of-british-woman-swept-away-by-wave-found-12518388}}</ref> Meskipun tingkat kerusakan di Tonga masih belum jelas, selimut abu tebal telah mencemari pasokan air, memutus komunikasi, dan mencegah penerbangan pengawasan, sehingga sulit untuk memulai upaya bantuan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2022|title=Tonga volcano eruption: Pacific tsunami damage unclear as ash blankets island nation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/16/pacific-tsunami-threat-recedes-as-volcano-ash-cloud-covers-tonga|access-date=16 January 2022|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116153106/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/16/pacific-tsunami-threat-recedes-as-volcano-ash-cloud-covers-tonga|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Foto yang dibagikan oleh seorang penduduk di [[Pulau Lifuka]], timur laut Nuku'alofa menunjukkan kerusakan kecil pada masyarakat pulau dan sebuah dermaga. Kerusakan yang ditimbulkan menyiratkan pulau itu dilanda gelombang yang lebih kecil. [[Pulau 'Uiha]] dan [[Pulau Ha'ano]] juga mengalami sedikit kerusakan akibat tsunami. Beberapa foto menunjukkan puing-puing yang tertinggal oleh tsunami berserakan di jalan dan ladang rumput.<ref name="Porter">{{cite news |author1=Nadine Porter |title=Tonga: Photos of tsunami damage shared from outer island, close to volcanic eruption |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127517035/tonga-photos-of-tsunami-damage-shared-from-outer-island-close-to-volcanic-eruption |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Stuff NZ]]|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117041023/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127517035/tonga-photos-of-tsunami-damage-shared-from-outer-island-close-to-volcanic-eruption|url-status=live}}</ref> Pemilik Ha'atafu Beach Resort menulis di Facebook bahwa resor pantai mereka yang terletak di ujung utara Pulau Tongatapu sepenuhnya hancur. Keluarga pemilik resor pantai berhasil melarikan diri. Mereka menambahkan bahwa seluruh garis pantai barat pulau itu dan Desa Kanukupolu hancur.<ref name="CNA">{{cite news |author1=[[Reuters]] |title=Drinking water, ash big concern as Tonga volcanic eruption causes 'significant damage' |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/australia-new-zealand-step-efforts-aid-tsunami-hit-tonga-2439831 |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Channel News Asia]] |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117070954/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/australia-new-zealand-step-efforts-aid-tsunami-hit-tonga-2439831 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
[[Kabel Lintas Selatan]] reported that the eruption may have broken the [[Sistem Kabel Tonga]], which connects Tonga to Southern Cross's trans-Pacific cable in Fiji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2022|title=Tonga subsea communications cable 'may be broken after all', says Southern Cross|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/127512800/tonga-subsea-communications-cable-may-be-broken-after-all-says-southern-cross|access-date=16 January 2022|website=Stuff|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116110005/https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/127512800/tonga-subsea-communications-cable-may-be-broken-after-all-says-southern-cross|url-status=live}}</ref> Southern Cross cited a fault in the international cable {{Convert|37|km|mi}} from Nukuʻalofa, and a further fault in a domestic cable {{Convert|47|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Nukuʻalofa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Duckett|first=Chris|title=Volcanic eruption takes out Tonga cables|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/volcanic-eruption-takes-out-tonga-cables/|access-date=17 January 2022|website=ZDNet|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117072805/https://www.zdnet.com/article/volcanic-eruption-takes-out-tonga-cables/|url-status=live}}</ref> Perdana Menteri Selandia Baru [[Jacinda Ardern]] menyatakan bahwa kabel bawah laut yang melayani Tonga terdampak mungkin karena pemadaman listrik dan pihak berwenang berusaha segera memulihkan komunikasi.<ref name="RNŹ" />
 
Severe damage on the west coast of Tongatapu was confirmed by the New Zealand High Commission in Tonga on 17 January.<ref name="RNZ4">{{cite news |title=Significant damage on Tonga's west coast - NZ High Commission |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459717/significant-damage-on-tonga-s-west-coast-nz-high-commission |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117084012/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459717/significant-damage-on-tonga-s-west-coast-nz-high-commission |url-status=live }}</ref> Survey flights by the Australian Defence Forces reported extensive damage along the west coast. The shores of Nuku’alofa has substantial damage as debris and rocks were deposited inland by the tsunami waves according to an early report from the [[UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] (OCHA). A 2-cm layer of volcanic ash blanketed the capital Nuku’alofa.<ref name="OCHA1">{{cite web |author1=[[UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |title=Tonga: Volcanic Eruption - Flash Update (As of 17 January 2022) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/tonga/tonga-volcanic-eruption-flash-update-17-january-2022 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117120901/https://reliefweb.int/report/tonga/tonga-volcanic-eruption-flash-update-17-january-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
=== Negara lain ===
Tsunami merenggut nyawa dua wanita di [[Peru]] ketika gelombang setinggi 2 meter menghantam mereka di pantai Naylamp, [[Lambayeque]]. Kedua wanita itu berada di dalam truk bersama seorang sopir yang merupakan suami dari salah seorang wanita. Saat ombak menerjang, sopir itu melarikan diri. Mayat para korban wanita dibawa ke kamar mayat.<ref name="Parra">{{cite news |author1=Nicholas Parra |title=Reportan dos muertes y daños por tsunami en Perú: país no emitió alerta |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/america-latina/2022/01/15/reportan-dos-muertes-y-danos-por-tsunami-en-peru-pais-no-emitio-alerta.shtml |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[Radio Bío-Bío]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116030122/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/america-latina/2022/01/15/reportan-dos-muertes-y-danos-por-tsunami-en-peru-pais-no-emitio-alerta.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Di [[San Gregorio]], [[California]], Amerika Serikat, empat orang nelayan tersapu ke laut oleh tsunami. Dua nelayan terluka dan menerima perawatan medis sementara dua nelayan lainnya berhasil diselamatkan dan tidak terluka.<ref name="Oetting">{{cite news |author1=Jerimiah Oetting |title=Here are the impacts of the tsunami along the Monterey Bay |url=https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[KAZU]] |date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050607/https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |url-status=live }}</ref> Pemadam kebakaran San Francisco dan [[Penjaga Pantai Amerika Serikat]] menyelamatkan tiga peselancar.<ref name=mercurynews_15012022/>
Tsunami merenggut nyawa dua wanita di [[Peru]] ketika gelombang setinggi 2 meter menghantam mereka di Pantai Naylamp, [[Lambayeque]]. Kedua wanita itu berada di dalam truk bersama yang dikemudikan oleh seorang pria yang merupakan suami dari salah seorang wanita. Saat ombak menerjang, pria tersebut berhasil menyelamatkan diri. Mayat para korban wanita dibawa ke kamar jenazah di fasilitas kesehatan setempat.<ref name="Parra">{{cite news |author1=Nicholas Parra |title=Reportan dos muertes y daños por tsunami en Perú: país no emitió alerta |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/america-latina/2022/01/15/reportan-dos-muertes-y-danos-por-tsunami-en-peru-pais-no-emitio-alerta.shtml |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[Radio Bío-Bío]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116030122/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/america-latina/2022/01/15/reportan-dos-muertes-y-danos-por-tsunami-en-peru-pais-no-emitio-alerta.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Beberapa wilayah pesisir lain di Peru juga melaporkan terjadinya kerusakan. Restoran dan perahu di Pantai Lagunillas dan Distrik [[San Andrés (Pisco)|San Andrés]] rusak akibat ombak tsunami. Banyak pengunjung pantai dievakuasi ke tempat yang aman sedangkan pertokoan ditutup.<ref name="Gestión">{{cite news |title=Paracas: salida del mar afectó el muelle y dañó locales y viviendas de la zonaParacas: salida del mar afectó el muelle y dañó locales y viviendas de la zona |url=https://gestion.pe/peru/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-salida-del-mar-afecto-el-muelle-y-dano-locales-y-viviendas-videos-nndc-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=Gestión |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050614/https://gestion.pe/peru/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-salida-del-mar-afecto-el-muelle-y-dano-locales-y-viviendas-videos-nndc-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dermaga dan beberapa rumah juga dilaporkan rusak di ibu kota Peru, [[Lima (kota)|Lima]]. Di beberapa wilayah, pemilik perahu menyeret perahu mereka ke pantai untuk mencegah ombak merusak perahu mereka.<ref name="Comercio">{{cite news |title=Paracas: mar se salió y dañó el muelle, locales y viviendas {{!}} VIDEOS |url=https://elcomercio.pe/peru/ica/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-mar-se-salio-y-dano-el-muelle-locales-y-viviendas-de-la-zona-san-andres-playa-lagunilla-videos-nndc-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]] |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050611/https://elcomercio.pe/peru/ica/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-mar-se-salio-y-dano-el-muelle-locales-y-viviendas-de-la-zona-san-andres-playa-lagunilla-videos-nndc-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
TsunamiDi merenggutsepanjang nyawa dua wanita dipantai [[Peru]] ketika gelombang setinggi 2 meter menghantam mereka di Pantai Naylamp, [[Lambayeque]]. Kedua wanita itu berada di dalam truk bersama yang dikemudikan oleh seorang pria yang merupakan suami dari salah seorang wanita. Saat ombak menerjang, pria tersebut berhasil menyelamatkan diri. Mayat para korban wanita dibawa ke kamar jenazah di fasilitas kesehatan setempat.<ref name="Parra">{{cite news |author1=Nicholas Parra |title=Reportan dos muertes y daños por tsunami ensangat Perú: país no emitió alerta |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/america-latina/2022/01/15/reportan-dos-muertes-y-danos-por-tsunami-en-peru-pais-no-emitio-alerta.shtml |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[Radio Bío-Bío]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116030122/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/america-latina/2022/01/15/reportan-dos-muertes-y-danos-por-tsunami-en-peru-pais-no-emitio-alerta.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Beberapa wilayah pesisir lain di Peru juga melaporkan terjadinya kerusakanmerusak. Restoran dan perahu di Pantaipantai Lagunillas dan Distrik [[San Andrés (Pisco)|San Andrés]] rusak akibatdirusak ombak tsunami. Banyak pengunjung pantai dievakuasi ke tempat yang aman sedangkansementara pertokoan ditutup.<ref name="Gestión">{{cite news |title=Paracas: salida del mar afectó el muelle y dañó locales y viviendas de la zonaParacas: salida del mar afectó el muelle y dañó locales y viviendas de la zona |url=https://gestion.pe/peru/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-salida-del-mar-afecto-el-muelle-y-dano-locales-y-viviendas-videos-nndc-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=Gestión |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050614/https://gestion.pe/peru/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-salida-del-mar-afecto-el-muelle-y-dano-locales-y-viviendas-videos-nndc-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> DermagaKerusakan dermaga dan beberapa rumah juga dilaporkan rusakterjadi di ibu kota Peru, [[Lima (kota)|Lima]]. Di beberapa wilayah, pemilik perahu menyeret perahu mereka ke pantai untuk mencegah ombak merusak perahu mereka.<ref name="Comercio">{{cite news |title=Paracas: mar se salió y dañó el muelle, locales y viviendas {{!}} VIDEOS |url=https://elcomercio.pe/peru/ica/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-mar-se-salio-y-dano-el-muelle-locales-y-viviendas-de-la-zona-san-andres-playa-lagunilla-videos-nndc-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]] |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050611/https://elcomercio.pe/peru/ica/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-mar-se-salio-y-dano-el-muelle-locales-y-viviendas-de-la-zona-san-andres-playa-lagunilla-videos-nndc-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Beberapa kerusakan material dikonfirmasi di pantai.
Di [[San Gregorio]], [[California]], Amerika Serikat, empat orang nelayan tersapu ke laut oleh tsunami. Dua nelayan terluka dan menerima perawatan medis sementara dua nelayan lainnya berhasil diselamatkan dan tidak terluka.<ref name="Oetting">{{cite news |author1=Jerimiah Oetting |title=Here are the impacts of the tsunami along the Monterey Bay |url=https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[KAZU]] |date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050607/https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |url-status=live }}</ref> Pemadam kebakaran San Francisco dan [[Penjaga Pantai Amerika Serikat]] menyelamatkan tiga peselancar.<ref name=mercurynews_15012022/>
 
== Penyelamatan ==