Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II: Perbedaan antara revisi

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|more users=
|produced=2006-sekarang
|number built=690+875 per 1 September 2021<ref name="lot14">{{cite web |url=https://www.f35.com/content/dam/lockheed-martin/aero/f35/documents/F-35%20Fast%20Facts%20-%20March%202021.pdf |title=F-35 Lightning II Program Status and Fast Facts |publisher=[[Lockheed Martin]] |date=March 2021 |website=F35.com |access-date=1 March 2021}}</ref>
|unit cost=F-35A: US$77,9 juta (lot 14)<ref name="lot14"/>{{br}} F-35B: US$101,3 juta (lot 14)<ref name="lot14"/>{{br}} F-35C: US$94,4 juta (lot 14)<ref name="lot14"/>
|developed from=[[Lockheed Martin X-35]]
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* [[Baterai ion litium]] yang ringan dan kuat untuk memberikan daya untuk menjalankan permukaan kontrol dalam keadaan darurat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytech.com/Pentagon+to+Use+LithiumIon+Batteries+for+F35+Jets+Despite+Boeing+787+Woes/article29896.htm|title=Pentagon to Use Lithium-Ion Batteries for F-35 Jets Despite Boeing 787 Woes.|website=Dailytech.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217010310/http://www.dailytech.com/Pentagon+to+Use+LithiumIon+Batteries+for+F35+Jets+Despite+Boeing+787+Woes/article29896.htm|archive-date=17 February 2013|access-date=24 February 2013}}</ref>
 
Komposit struktural dalam F-35 adalah 35% dari berat badan pesawat (naik dari 25% di F-22).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.compositesworld.com/articles/skinning-the-f-35-fighter|title=Skinning the F-35 fighter|last=|first=|website=compositesworld.com|access-date=24 November 2016}}</ref> Mayoritas dari komposit ini adalah bahan [[Maleimida|bismaleimida]] dan [[Bahan epoksi komposit|epoksi komposit]].<ref>[http://www.onlineamd.com/aerospace-manufacturing-design-Vector-Composites-Quicksteps-amd-051710.aspx "Contract Awarded To Validate Process For JSF"] {{Webarchive}}. ''onlineamd.com, '' 17 May 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2010.</ref> F-35 akan menjadi pesawat produksi massal pertama yang menyertakan nanokomposit struktural, yaitu [[epoksi]] yang diperkuat [[Tabung nano karbon|tabung nanokarbon]].<ref>Trimble, Stephen. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/05/26/357223/lockheed-martin-reveals-f-35-to-feature-nanocomposite.html "Lockheed Martin reveals F-35 to feature nanocomposite structures"]. {{Webarchive}} ''Flight International'', 26 May 2011.</ref> Pengalaman masalah F-22 dengan korosi menyebabkan F-35 menggunakan pengisi celah yang menyebabkan [[korosi galvanik]] lebih sedikit pada kulit badan pesawat, dirancang dengan lebih sedikit celah yang membutuhkan pengisi dan menerapkan drainase yang lebih baik.<ref>Edwards, Jack E. [http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11171r.pdf "Defense Management: DOD Needs to Monitor and Assess Corrective Actions Resulting from Its Corrosion Study of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805173946/https://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11171r.pdf |date=2020-08-05 }}. [[United States Government Accountability Office]], Washington, DC, 16 December 2010.</ref> Lebar sayap 35-kaki yang relatif pendek dari varian A dan B diatur oleh persyaratan F-35B agar muat di dalam area parkir dan lift kapal serang amfibi Angkatan Laut saat ini,<ref name="ryberg1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a399988.pdf|title=The Influence of Ship Configuration on the Design of the Joint Strike Fighter|last=Ryberg|first=Eric S.|date=26 February 2002|publisher=[[Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division]]|page=5|access-date=1 December 2013|archive-date=2016-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209001948/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a399988.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> sayap yang lebih panjang F-35C dianggap lebih efisien untuk konsumsi bahan bakar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/The-Ultimate-Fighter-166000926.html|title=The Ultimate Fighter?|website=Airspacemag.com|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130116143836/http://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/The-Ultimate-Fighter-166000926.html|archive-date=16 January 2013|access-date=24 February 2013}}</ref>
 
=== Biaya ===
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Pratt & Whitney F135 memberi tenaga utama pada F-35. Mesin alternatif, [[General Electric / Rolls-Royce F136|General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136]], sedang dikembangkan hingga dibatalkan oleh pabrikannya pada Desember 2011 karena kurangnya dana dari Pentagon.<ref>Trimble, Stephen. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/06/11/327771/rolls-royce-f136-survival-is-key-for-major-f-35-engine.html "Rolls-Royce: F136 survival is key for major F-35 engine upgrade"]. {{Webarchive}} ''Flight International'', 11 June 2009.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120729014307/http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=8450963&c=AME&s=AIR "GE, Rolls Royce Stop Funding F-35 Alt Engine"]. ''Defense News'', 4 December 2011.</ref> Mesin F135 dan F136 tidak dirancang untuk [[supercruise]].<ref name="JSF-FAQ">[http://www.jsf.mil/contact/con_faqs.htm "Frequently Asked Questions about JSF"] {{Webarchive}}. ''JSF''. Retrieved 6 April 2010.</ref> Namun, F-35 dapat terbang sebentar di Mach 1.2 sejauh 150 mil tanpa menggunakan [[pembakar lanjut]].<ref name="tirace">{{Cite web|url=http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2012/November%202012/1112fighter.aspx|title=The F-35's Race Against Time|last=Tirpak|first=John|date=November 2012|publisher=[[Air Force Association]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108143240/http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2012/November%202012/1112fighter.aspx|archive-date=8 November 2012|access-date=4 November 2012|quote=while not technically a 'supercruising' aircraft, can maintain Mach 1.2 for a dash of 150 miles without using fuel-gulping afterburners}}</ref> F135 adalah mesin jet pembakaran lanjut siluman (terhadap radar) kedua. Seperti [[Pratt & Whitney F119]] yang merupakan asalnya, F135 telah mengalami denyutan tekanan pembakar lanjut atau 'derit' di ketinggian rendah dan kecepatan tinggi.<ref>Warwick, Graham. [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPosto&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3a261f21c4-19ea-40e0-a756-ed0491972939&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest "Screech, the F135 and the JSF Engine War"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100321164415/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog |date=2010-03-21 }}. ''Aviation Week'', 17 March 2011.</ref> F-35 memiliki kecepatan maksimum lebih dari Mach 1,6. Dengan berat lepas landas maksimum 60.000 lb (27.000 kg),<ref name="LM_F-35A_page">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/f35/f-35A-ctol-variant.html|title=F-35A Conventional Takeoff and Landing Variant|last=[[Lockheed Martin]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317113904/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/f35/f-35A-ctol-variant.html|archive-date=17 March 2011|access-date=13 July 2012}}</ref> Lightning II jauh lebih berat daripada pesawat tempur ringan yang digantikannya.
 
STOVL F-35B dilengkapi dengan [[Sistem Angkat Rolls-Royce|Sistem Lift Rolls-Royce]] yang dirancang oleh Lockheed Martin dan dikembangkan oleh Rolls-Royce. Sistem ini lebih mirip dengan [[EWR VJ 101|VJ 101D/E Jerman]] daripada STOVL [[Harrier Jump Jet|Harrier Jump Jet sebelumnya]] dan [[Rolls-Royce Pegasus|mesin Rolls-Royce Pegasus]].<ref>"Swivel nozzle VJ101D and VJ101E". Vstol.org, 20 June 2009.</ref><ref>Hirschberg, Mike. "[http://www.robertcmason.com/textdocs/GermanVSTOLFighters.pdf "V/STOL Fighter Programs in Germany: 1956–1975"], p. 50. International Powered Lift Conference, 1 November 2000. Retrieved 3 October 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.harrier.org.uk/technical/How_Hovers.htm "How the Harrier hovers"] {{Webarchive}}. ''harrier.org.'' Retrieved 16 November 2010.</ref> Sistem Pengangkat terdiri dari kipas pengangkat, poros penggerak, dua tiang gulung, dan sebuah "Three Bearing Swivel Module" (3BSM).<ref>[http://www.rolls-royce.com/defence/products/combat_jets/rr_liftsystem.jsp "LiftSystem"]. ''Rolls-Royce''. Retrieved 23 November 2009.</ref> 3BSM adalah [[Nozzle vektor|nosel]] [[vektor dorong]] yang memungkinkan knalpot mesin utama dibelokkan ke bawah di ujung pesawat. Kipas pengangkat berada di dekat bagian depan pesawat dan memberikan dorongan penyeimbang dengan menggunakan dua [[blisk]] kontra putaran.<ref>Zolfagharifard, Ellie. [http://www.theengineer.co.uk/in-depth/rolls-royces-liftsystem-for-the-joint-strike-fighter/1008008.article "Rolls-Royce's LiftSystem for the Joint Strike Fighter"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219050153/http://www.theengineer.co.uk/in-depth/rolls-royces-liftsystem-for-the-joint-strike-fighter/1008008.article |date=2013-12-19 }} ''[[The Engineer (UK magazine)|The Engineer]]'', 28 March 2011.</ref> Ini didukung oleh turbin mesin tekanan rendah (LP) melalui poros penggerak dan gearbox. Kendali guling selama penerbangan kecepatan rendah dicapai dengan mengalihkan udara [[Mesin turbofan|pintas]] mesin yang tidak dipanaskan melalui nosel dorong yang dipasang di sayap yang disebut Roll Post.<ref name="lift1">Kjelgaard, Chris. [http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/071221-how-f-35b-stovl-propulsion-system-works.html "From Supersonic to Hover: How the F-35 Flies"]. ''Space'', 21 December 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2010.</ref><ref>Hutchinson, John. [http://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/issues/issue20/hutchinson.pdf "Going Vertical: Developing a STOVL system"] {{Webarchive}}. ''ingenia.org.uk''. Retrieved 23 November 2009.</ref>
 
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