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Baris 1:
{{Kegunaan lain|Los Angeles (disambiguasi)}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Los Angeles
|official_name = City of Los Angeles
|settlement_type = Kota
|nickname = L.A., the City of Angels,<ref>{{cite news|title=Atlanta works on its sales pitch: Convention bureau's chief sticks to basics in marketin the city|last=Stafford|first=Leon|work=The Atlanta Journal – lConstitution|date=January 7, 2010|page=1|url=http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=574&topicId=100020422&docId=l:1103602102&start=4|accessdate=October 1, 2011|archive-date=2011-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126202604/http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=574&topicId=100020422&docId=l%3A1103602102&start=4|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Angeltown,<ref>{{cite news|title=A Teflon Metropolis Where No Nicknames Stick|last=Smith|first=Jack|work=Los Angeles Times|date=October 12, 1989|page=1|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-10-12/news/vw-168_1_los-angeles|accessdate=October 1, 2011}}</ref> La-La Land<ref>{{cite news|url = http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/03/la-la-land-now-the-dictionary-definition-of-los-angeles.html|title = 'La-La Land,' now the dictionary definition of Los Angeles|publisher = Los Angeles Times|date = March 25, 2011|accessdate =September 29, 2011}}</ref>
|website = [http://www.lacity.org/ lacity.org]
| image_skyline = New LA Infobox Pic= Montage{{multiple 5.jpgimage
|imagesize border = 250pxinfobox
| total_width = 290
|image_caption = [[Downtown Los Angeles]], [[Venice, Los Angeles|Venice]], [[Griffith Observatory]], [[Hollywood Sign]]
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Los Angeles with Mount Baldy.jpg
| caption1 = Skyline of [[Downtown Los Angeles]]
| image2 = Hollywood Sign (Zuschnitt).jpg
| caption2 = [[Hollywood Sign]]
| image3 = Echo Park Lake.jpg
| caption3 = [[:en:Echo Park|Echo Park]]
| image4 = Olvera st los angeles (cropped2).jpg
| caption4 = [[:en:Calle Olvera|Calle Olvera]]
| image5 = Los Angeles City Hall 2013 (cropped).jpg
| caption5 = [[Los Angeles City Hall]]
| image6 = Griffith observatory 2006.jpg
| caption6 = [[:en:Griffith Observatory|Griffith Observatory]]
| image7 = Venice Beach, Los Angeles, CA 01 (cropped2).jpg
| caption7 = [[:en:Venice, Los Angeles#Venice Beach|Pantai Venice]]
}}
|image_flag = Flag of Los Angeles, California.svg
|image_seal = Seal of Los Angeles.svg
Baris 21 ⟶ 40:
|subdivision_type = Negara
|subdivision_name = Amerika Serikat
|subdivision_type1 = [[Pembagian politik Amerika Serikat|Negara bagian]]
Negara bagian
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Daftar county di California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[County Los Angeles|Los Angeles]]
Baris 47 ⟶ 67:
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_note = [[Sensus Amerika Serikat 2010]]
|population_total = 37926213.898.747
|population_rank = ([[Daftar kota di Amerika Serikat menurut jumlah penduduk|ke-2 di AS]], [[Daftar batas kota menurut jumlah penduduk|ke-48 di dunia]])<!--Do ''not'' change this to the 4.0&nbsp;million that the CA Dept of Finance has. For more info, see the talk page archives on the English Wikipedia-->
|population_urban =
|population_metro = 1213.828200.837998
|population_blank1_title = [[Wilayah statistik gabungan|CSA]]
|population_blank1 = 17786419
Baris 73 ⟶ 93:
|footnotes =
}}
'''Los Angeles''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-los-angeles.ogg|l|ɒ|s|_|ˈ|æ|n|dʒ|ə|l|ə|s}} {{respell|loss|AN|jə-ləs}}; {{IPA-es|los ˈaŋxeles|lang}}, ditulis ''Los Ángeles''; pengucapan Britania {{IPAc-en|l|ɒ|s|_|ˈ|æ|n|dʒ|ə|l|iː|z}} {{respell|loss|AN|jə-leez}}) dengan jumlah penduduk sebanyak 3.792898.621747 jiwa sesuai [[Sensus Amerika Serikat 20102020]], adalah [[Daftar kota di California (menurut jumlah penduduk)|kota terpadat]] di [[negara bagian AS|negara bagian]] [[California]], dan [[Daftar kota di Amerika Serikat menurut jumlah penduduk|kota terpadat kedua]] di [[Amerika Serikat]], setelah [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn124.html | title = U.S. Census Bureau Releases Data on Population Distribution and Change in the U.S. Based on Analysis of 2010 Census Results | date = March 24, 2010 | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | accessdate = September 28, 2011 | archive-date = 2011-10-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111016002430/http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn124.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Luasnya mencapai {{convert|468.67|sqmi|km2|1}}, dan terletak di [[California Selatan]]. Terkenal dengan inisial '''[[LosLenteng AngelesAgung, CaliforniaJagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan|L.A.]]'''-nya, kota ini merupakan titik utama [[wilayah metropolitan Los Angeles|
wilayah statistik metropolitan Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana]] dan region [[Wilayah Los Angeles Raya]], yang dihuni 12.828.837 dan hampir 18 juta jiwa pada tahun 2010, menjadikannya salah satu [[Daftar wilayah metropolitan menurut jumlah penduduk|wilayah metropolitan terpadat]] di dunia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/citypops.htm |title=City Populations – World City Population, Biggest Largest Cities in the World |publisher=Worldatlas.com |accessdate=September 28, 2011}}</ref> dan yang terbesar kedua di Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_NSRD_GCTPL2.US24PR&prodType=table| title = Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 – United States – Metropolitan Statistical Area | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | accessdate =September 28, 2011}}</ref> Los Angeles juga merupakan [[ibu kota county|ibu kota]] [[County Los Angeles, California|County Los Angeles]], salah satu [[county (Amerika Serikat)|county]] terpadat dan paling beragam etnisnya<ref>{{cite news|author=Les Christie|url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/08/08/real_estate/most_diverse_counties/index.htm|title=The most ethnically diverse counties in the United States|publisher=CNN |date=August 9, 2007|accessdate=September 28, 2011}}</ref> di Amerika Serikat, sementara seluruh wilayah Los Angeles sendiri diakui sebagai kota besar yang paling beragam di negara ini.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/43066296/The_Top_10_Most_Diverse_Cities_in_America?slide=11 |title=The Top 10 Most Diverse Cities in America |publisher=cnbc.com |accessdate=September 28, 2011 |archive-date=2014-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627175521/http://www.cnbc.com/id/43066296/The_Top_10_Most_Diverse_Cities_in_America?slide=11 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Penduduk kota Los Angeles disebut "[[Angelenos]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Angeleno |title=Angeleno |publisher=The Free Dictionary |accessdate=September 28, 2011}}</ref>
 
Los Angeles didirikan tanggal 4 September 1781 oleh gubernur Spanyol [[Felipe de Neve]].<ref name="CaliforniaCounty1899">{{cite book|last=Barrows|first=H.D.|title=Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JMg1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA151|accessdate=September 28, 2011|year=1899|page=151ff|chapter=Felepe de Neve|volume=4}}</ref> Kota ini menjadi bagian dari [[Meksiko]] pada tahun 1821 setelah [[Perang Kemerdekaan Meksiko]].<ref name="Estrada2008">{{cite book|last=Estrada|first=William D.|title=The Los Angeles Plaza: sacred and contested space|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eJu4Wau5G5UC&pg=PA43|accessdate=September 28, 2011|date=April 15, 2008|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-71755-8|page=43}}</ref> Tahun 1848, pada akhir [[Perang Meksiko-Amerika Serikat]], Los Angeles dan seluruh California dibeli sebagai bagian dari [[Traktat Guadalupe Hidalgo]], sehingga menjadi bagian dari Amerika Serikat.<ref name="Spencer1866">{{cite book|last=Spencer|first=Jesse Ames|title=History of the United States: From the earliest period to the administration of James Buchanan|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4k5XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA453|accessdate=September 28, 2011|year=1866|publisher=Johnson, Fry and company|page=453}}</ref> Los Angeles [[penggabungan munisipal|disatukan]] menjadi munisipalitas pada tanggal 4 April 1850, lima bulan sebelum California mendapat status [[negara bagian Amerika Serikat|negara bagian]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://ceo.lacounty.gov/forms/09-10%20cities%20alpha.pdf | title = Cities Within the County of Los Angeles | publisher = Los Angeles County | accessdate = September 28, 2011 | archive-date = 2014-06-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140628033840/http://ceo.lacounty.gov/forms/09-10%20cities%20alpha.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
 
Dijuluki ''City of Angels'', Los Angeles adalah [[kota global|pusat dunia]] bisnis, perdagangan internasional, hiburan, budaya, media, mode, ilmu pengetahuan, olahraga, teknologi, dan pendidikan terdepan, serta merupakan kota terkaya ketiga di dunia dan kota paling kuat dan berpengaruh kelima di dunia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/BUSINESS/04/10/cities.dominate.world/index.html?thisSpeed=30000|title=Revealed: Cities that rule the world|publisher=CNN |date=April 10, 2010|accessdate=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401 |title=The Global Cities Index 2010 |publisher=Foreign Policy |year=2010 |accessdate=October 20, 2011 |archive-date=2012-02-02 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659S16ErP?url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Kota ini adalah tempat berdirinya berbagai institusi yang mencakup berbagai bidang profesional dan budaya dan merupakan salah satu mesin ekonomi terpenting di Amerika Serikat. [[Wilayah statistik gabungan]] (CSA) Los Angeles memiliki [[produk metropolitan bruto]] (PMB) senilai $831&nbsp;miliar (tahun 2008), menjadikannya [[Daftar kota menurut PDB|pusat ekonomi terbesar ketiga di dunia]], setelah wilayah metropolitan [[Tokyo Raya]] dan [[wilayah metropolitan New York|New York]].<ref name="citymayors.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html |publisher=citymayors.com|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|date= March 11, 2007|accessdate=October 20, 2011}} The list fails to include Taipei.</ref> Sebagai basis [[Hollywood]], kota ini dijuluki "Ibu Kota Hiburan Dunia", yang memimpin pembuatan produksi televisi, permainan video, dan musik rekaman kelas dunia. Bisnis hiburan di kota ini mendorong banyak selebriti menetap di Los Angeles dan pinggiran kotanya. Selain itu, Los Angeles pernah menyelenggarakan [[Olimpiade Musim Panas]] tahun [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1932|1932]] dan [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1984|1984]].
 
== Sejarah ==
Baris 101 ⟶ 122:
Pada tahun 1910, tidak cuma Los Angeles menganeksasi Hollywood, tetapi di kota ini sudah ada 10 perusahaan film yang beroperasi. Pada tahun 1921, lebih dari 80 persen industri film dunia terkonsentrasi di L.A.<ref name="Buntin2010">{{cite book|last=Buntin|first=John|title=L.A. Noir: The Struggle for the Soul of America's Most Seductive City|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=y6ZlIkYXjiMC&pg=PA18|accessdate=September 30, 2011|date=April 6, 2010|publisher=Random House Digital, Inc.|isbn=978-0-307-35208-8|page=18}}</ref> Uang yang dihasilkan industri ini melindungi kota dari guncangan ekonomi yang menyebar di seluruh Amerika Serikat selama [[Depresi Besar di Amerika Serikat|Depresi Besar]].<ref name="YoungYoung2007">{{cite book|last1=Young|first1=William H.|last2=Young|first2=Nancy K.|title=The Great Depression in America: a cultural encyclopedia|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QYYMqXUyjnUC&pg=PA21|accessdate=September 30, 2011|date=March 2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33521-1|page=21}}</ref>
<!-- i'm leaving out the bit about the aviation industry arriving in the 1920s pending further research, as the part about the movies turned out to be somewhat inaccurate; and it was all unsourced anyway.-->
Pada tahun 1930, populasinya melewati angka satu juta jiwa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/population/documentation/twps0027/tab16.txt |title=Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places: 1930 |accessdate=October 1, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205005417/http://www.census.gov/population/documentation/twps0027/tab16.txt |archivedate=2008-02-05 |publisher=U.S. Census |unused_data=publisher U.S. Census |dead-url=no }}</ref> Pada tahun 1932, kota ini mengadakan [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1932]] setelah terpilih dan ditetapkan sebagai tuan rumah pada tahun 1923.<ref>{{Cite book|Olimpiadelast=Gold, MusimJ. Panas]]R., dan Gold, M. M.|date=Januari 2012|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321269789_Chapter_2_-_From_A_to_B_The_Summer_Olympics_1896-2008_Chapter_taken_from_Olympic_Cities_ISBN_978-0-203-84074-0|title=Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games Volume 1 Nomor 36|isbn=978-0-203-84074-0|pages=20|chapter=From A to B: The Summer Olympics, 1896–2008: Chapter taken from Olympic Cities|doi=10.4324/9780203840740_chapter_2|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Olympic Torch Tower of the Los Angeles Coliseum.jpg|jmpl|250px|[[Los Angeles Coliseum]] menjadi tempat penyelenggaraan Olimpiade Musim Panas 1932 dan 1984.]]
Setelah akhir [[Perang Dunia II]], Los Angeles tumbuh dengan sangat cepat, [[persebaran kota|menyebar]] hingga [[San Fernando Valley]].<ref name="Bruegmann2006">{{cite book|last=Bruegmann|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Bruegmann|title=Sprawl: A Compact History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HFjLm2BauZ8C|accessdate=October 1, 2011|date=November 1, 2006|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-07691-1|page=133}}</ref> Pada tahun 1969, Los Angeles menjadi salah satu tempat kelahiran Internet, karena transmisi [[ARPANET]] pertama dikirimkan dari [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA) ke [[SRI International|SRI]] di [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]].<ref name="HafnerLyon1999">{{cite book|last1=Hafner|first1=Katie|authorlink1=Katie Hafner|last2=Lyon|first2=Matthew|title=Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RLKxSvCBQZcC|accessdate=October 1, 2011|date=August 1, 1999|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-684-87216-2|page=153}}</ref>
Baris 397 ⟶ 418:
[[Port of Los Angeles]] dan [[Port of Long Beach]] bersama membentuk ''Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor''.<ref>[http://www.portoflosangeles.org/facilities/pilot_station.asp Facilities] – The Port of Los Angeles site</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mxsocal.org/pdffiles/108th%20HSC%20Mtg%20Apr%205%202006.pdf |title=Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor Safety Committee |format=PDF |accessdate=March 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.harboremployers.com/web/ |title=Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor Employers Association |publisher=Harboremployers.com |accessdate=March 16, 2011}}</ref> Kedua pelabuhan tersebut membentuk pelabuhan [[kontainer (kargo)|kontainer]] tersibuk kelima di dunia, dengan volume perdagangan senilai lebih dari 14,22&nbsp;juta [[satuan ekuivalen dua puluh kaki|TEU]] pada tahun 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/WORLD%20PORT%20RANKINGS%2020081.pdf |title=AAPA World Port Rankings 2008 |format=PDF |accessdate=March 16, 2011}}</ref> Port of Los Angeles sendiri adalah pelabuhan kontainer tersibuk di Amerika Serikat dan puast kapal pesiar terbesar di [[Pesisir Barat Amerika Serikat]] – The Port of Los Angeles' World Cruise Center melayani sekitar 800.000 penumpang pada tahun 2009.<ref>[http://www.portoflosangeles.org/about/faqs.asp#9 About the Port] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613000526/http://portoflosangeles.org/about/faqs.asp#9 |date=2010-06-13 }} – The Port of Los Angeles site</ref>
 
Ada pula pelabuhan-pelabuhan non-industri yang lebih kecil di sepanjang pesisir Los Angeles. Penjaga pantai berpengalaman dari Los Angeles City hanya ada di pantai-pantai yang dimiliki pemerintah kota.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lacitylifeguards.pyroinnovations.com/ |title=Los Angeles City Lifeguards |publisher=Lacitylifeguards.pyroinnovations.com |accessdate=April 13, 2010 |archive-date=2009-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406041022/http://lacitylifeguards.pyroinnovations.com/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
Pelabuhan ini memiliki empat jembatan, yaitu [[Vincent Thomas Bridge]], [[Henry Ford Bridge]], [[Gerald Desmond Bridge]], dan [[Commodore Schuyler F. Heim Bridge]].
Baris 471 ⟶ 492:
* {{flagicon|ISR}} Los Angeles juga memiliki kemitraan bersama [[Tel Aviv]], Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishla.org/Tel_Aviv_LA_Partnership.cfm|title=Tel Aviv/Los Angeles Partnership|year=2007|publisher=The Jewish Federation of Greater Los Angeles|accessdate=August 7, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623075353/http://www.jewishla.org/Tel_Aviv_LA_Partnership.cfm|archivedate=2008-06-23|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
Selain itu, Los Angeles memiliki "kota sahabat" berikut ini:<ref name="Manchester">{{cite web|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1128076_twinning_link_with_la|title=Twinning link with LA|publisher=Manchester Evening News|accessdate=July 28, 2009|archive-date=2011-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709224852/http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1128076_twinning_link_with_la|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sistercitiesofla.com/|title=Sister cities of Los Angeles, Inc|year=2010|accessdate=February 8, 2010}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|GBR}} [[London]], Inggris, Britania Raya
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Łódź]], Polandia
Baris 494 ⟶ 515:
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
;Umum
* {{cite book|author=[[Carey McWilliams (journalist)|Carey McWilliams]]|publisher=Peregrine Smith|title = Southern California: An Island on the Land|url=https://archive.org/details/southerncaliforn00mcwi|edition = 9th|year = 2009|isbn = 978-0-87905-007-8}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Richard White (historian)|Richard White]]|title = [[It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own]]: A New History of the American West|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year = 1991|isbn = 978-0-8061-2567-1}}
* {{cite book|author =[[David Rieff]]|title = Los Angeles: Capital of the Third World|publisher = Touchstone|year = 1992|isbn = 978-0-671-79210-7}}
Baris 505 ⟶ 526:
* {{cite book|author=[[Reyner Banham]]|title = Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies|url=https://archive.org/details/losangelesarchit0000banh|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|place = Berkeley|year = 2009|edition = 2nd|isbn = 978-0-520-26015-3}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]]|title = [[City of Quartz|City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles]]|publisher=Verso|year = 2006|isbn = 978-1-84467-568-5}}
* {{cite book|author=Robert M. Fogelson|title = The Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles 1850–1930|url=https://archive.org/details/fragmentedmetrop0000foge_l1o1|publisher=University of California Press|place = Berkeley|year = 1993|isbn = 978-0-520-08230-4}}
* {{cite book|author=Norman M. Klein|title = The History of Forgetting: Los Angeles and the Erasure of Memory|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofforgett0000klei|publisher=Verso|year = 1997|isbn = 978-1-84467-242-4}}
* {{cite book|author = Sam Hall Kaplan|title = L.A. Lost & Found: An Architectural History of Los Angeles|publisher = Hennessey and Ingalls|year = 2000|isbn = 978-0-940512-23-8}}
Baris 561 ⟶ 582:
{{Kota Penyelenggara Olimpiade Musim Panas}}
{{Kota besar di AS}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Kategori:Los Angeles, California| ]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Los_Angeles"