Mars: Perbedaan antara revisi

Air tidak dapat bertahan di permukaan Mars karena tekanan atmosfernya yang rendah. Di ketinggian terendah, air masih dapat bertahan dalam waktu yang singkat.<ref name="h">{{cite web|url=http://solarsystem.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars&Display=Facts|title=NASA, Mars: Facts & Figures|accessdate=2010-01-28|archive-date=2010-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528121225/http://solarsystem.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars&Display=Facts|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=jgr110>{{Cite journal|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|date=May 7, 2005|last=Heldmann|first=Jennifer L.|coauthors=''et al''.|title=Formation of Martian gullies by the action of liquid water flowing under current Martian environmental conditions|url=http://daleandersen.seti.org/Dale_Andersen/Science_articles_files/Heldmann%20et%20al.2005.pdf|format=PDF|volume=110|issue=E5|page=Eo5004|doi=10.1029/2004JE002261|accessdate=2008-09-17|bibcode=2005JGRE..11005004H|archive-date=2008-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001162643/http://daleandersen.seti.org/Dale_Andersen/Science_articles_files/Heldmann%20et%20al.2005.pdf|dead-url=yes}} 'conditions such as now occur on Mars, outside of the temperature-pressure stability regime of liquid water'... 'Liquid water is typically stable at the lowest elevations and at low latitudes on the planet because the atmospheric pressure is greater than the [[vapor pressure]] of water and surface temperatures in equatorial regions can reach 273 K for parts of the day [Haberle ''et al''., 2001]'</ref> Dua tudung es di Mars diduga terdiri dari air.<ref name="kostama">{{Cite journal|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=33|issue=11|page=L11201|date=June 3, 2006|author=Kostama, V.-P.; Kreslavsky, M. A.; Head, J. W.|title=Recent high-latitude icy mantle in the northern plains of Mars: Characteristics and ages of emplacement|url=http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2006/2006GL025946.shtml|doi=10.1029/2006GL025946|accessdate=2007-08-12|bibcode=2006GeoRL..3311201K}} 'Martian high-latitude zones are covered with a smooth, layered ice-rich mantle'.</ref><ref name=sci299>{{cite journal|author=Byrne, Shane; Ingersoll, Andrew P.|title=A Sublimation Model for Martian South Polar Ice Features|journal=Science|volume=299|issue=5609|pages=1051–1053|year=2003|pmid=12586939|doi=10.1126/science.1080148|bibcode = 2003Sci...299.1051B }}</ref> Jika dicairkan, volume air di tudung es kutub selatan mampu melapisi seluruh permukaan planet dengan kedalaman 11 meter.<ref name=nasa070315>{{cite web|publisher=NASA|date=March 15, 2007|title=Mars' South Pole Ice Deep and Wide|url=http://jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2007-030|accessdate=2007-03-16}}</ref> Lapisan ''[[permafrost]]'' terbentang dari kutub hingga lintang 60°.<ref name="kostama" />