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[[Berkas:Alpha Stirling.gif|216px|thumbjmpl|Mesin Stirling tipe Alpha dengan warna merah untuk menunjukkan suhu tinggi dan warna biru untuk suhu rendah]]
'''Motor bakar stirling''' atau biasa juga disebut '''Mesin stirling''' (ditemukan oleh [[Robert Stirling]]) adalah salah satu [[mesin kalor]] dan didefinisikan sebagai mesin regenerasi [[udara]] panas siklus tertutup. Dalam konteks ini, siklus tertutup berarti bahwa [[fluida kerja]]nya secara permanen terkurung di dalam sistem, di mana mesin siklus terbuka seperti [[mesin pembakaran internal]] dan beberapa [[mesin uap]], menukarkan fluida kerjanya dengan lingkungan sekitar sebagai bagiaan dari [[siklus kerja]]. [[Regenerasi]] berarti bahwa adanya penggunaan [[alat penukar panas]] internal, yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi [[mesin]]. Banyak sekali kemungkinan dari penggunaan mesin stirling ini, dengan mayoritas masuk ke kategori mesin dengan [[piston]] tolak balik. Mesin stirling secara tradisional diklasifikasikan ke dalam [[mesin pembakaran eksternal]], meskipun panas bisa didapatkan dari sumber selain pembakaran seperti [[tenaga matahari]] maupun [[tenaga nuklir|nuklir]]. Mesin stirling beroperasi melalui penggunaan sumber panas eksternal dan [[heat sink]] eksternal, masing-masing dijaga agar memiliki perbedaan [[Suhu|temperatur]] yang cukup besar.
 
== Latar belakang ==
Baris 12:
Karakteristik mesin Stirling yang berguna lainnya adalah jika yang disuplai energi mekanik maka ia dapat beroperasi sebagai [[heat pump]].
 
== [[Sejarah]] ==
Mesin Stirling ditemukan pertamakali oleh [[Dr Robert Stirling]] dan dipatenkan oleh dia pada tahun [[1816]].
 
==Referensi Jenis ==
===Stirling alfa ===
Berisi kekuatan dua piston dalam silinder yang terpisah, satu berada di bagian dingin dan satunya berada di bagian panas. Silinder panas terletak di dalam suhu tinggi penghantar panas (silinder yang dibakar) dan silinder dingin terletak di dalam displacer suhu rendah. Jenis mesin ini memiliki rasio power-to-volume tinggi, namun memiliki masalah teknis karena apabila suhu piston tinggi biasanya panas akan merambat ke pipa pemisah silinder. Dalam praktiknya, piston ini biasanya membawa isolasi yang cukup besar untuk bergerak jauh dari zona panas dengan mengorbankan beberapa ruang mati tambahan.
 
=== Stirling beta ===
Memiliki piston daya tunggal yang diatur dalam silinder yang sama pada poros yang sama sebagai displacer piston. Silinder piston displacer yang cukup longgar hanya berfungsi untuk antar jemput gas panas dari silinder panas ke silinder dingin. Ketika silinder dipanaskan, gas mendorong dan memberikan piston kekuatan. Ketika piston terdorong ke dingin (titik bawah) silinder mendapat momentum dari mesin, dan ditingkatkan dengan [[roda gila]]. Tidak seperti jenis alfa, jenis beta tidak akan menyebabkan [[Insulator listrik|isolator]] (pipa pemisah jika dalam bentuk alfa) menjadi panas.
 
=== Stirling gamma ===
Mesin stirling gamma hanyalah sebuah mesin stirling beta, di mana piston tenaga sudah terpasang di dalam silinder terpisah samping silinder piston displacer, tapi masih terhubung ke roda gila sama. Gas dalam dua silinder dapat mengalir bebas karena mereka berada dalam satu tubuh. Konfigurasi ini menghasilkan rasio kompresi lebih rendah, tetapi mekanis ini cukup sederhana dan sering digunakan didalam mesin stirling multisilinder.
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{cite web | author = S. Backhaus; G. Swift | title = Acoustic Stirling Heat Engine: More Efficient than Other No-Moving-Parts Heat Engines | url = http://www.lanl.gov/mst/engine/ | publisher = Los Alamos National Laboratory | year = 2003 | accessdate = 2009-01-19 | archiveurl = httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20080801212651/http://www.lanl.gov/mst/engine/ <!--| Botarchivedate retrieved archive= 2008-08->01 |archivedate dead-url = 2008-08-01no }}
* {{Cite news |author = BBC News |title = Power from the people |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/working_lunch/3231549.stm |accessdate = 2009-01-19 |date=2003-10-31}}
* W.T. Beale (1971). "Stirling Cycle Type Thermal Device", ''[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US3552120 US patent 3552120]''. Granted to Research Corp, 5 January 1971.
* G.M. Benson (1977). "Thermal Oscillators", ''[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US4044558 US patent 4044558]''. Granted to New Process Ind, 30 August 1977 .
* {{Cite conference | author = G.M. Benson | title = Thermal Oscillators | year = 1973 | booktitle = Proceedings of the 8th IECEC | location = Philadelphia | publisher = American Society of Mechanical Engineers | pages= 182–189 | id =}}
* {{Cite conference | author = H.W. Brandhorst; J.A. Rodiek | title = A 25 kW Solar Stirling Concept for Lunar Surface Exploration | url = http://pdf.aiaa.org/preview/CDReadyMIAF05_1429/PVIAC-05-C3.P.05.pdf | format = PDF | year = 2005 | booktitle = Proceedings of the 56th International Astronautical Congress | editor = International Astronautics Federation | id = IAC-05-C3.P.05 | accessdate = 2012-03-18 | archive-date = 2012-01-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120107063716/http://pdf.aiaa.org/preview/CDReadyMIAF05_1429/PVIAC-05-C3.P.05.pdf | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = [[Carbon Trust]] | title = Micro-CHP Accelerator&nbsp;— Interim Report&nbsp;— Executive summary | url = http://www.carbontrust.com/resources/reports/technology/micro-chp-accelerator | year = 2007 | accessdate = March 19, 2012 | archive-date = 2014-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140328214914/http://www.carbontrust.com/resources/reports/technology/micro-chp-accelerator | dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite conference | author = E.H. Cooke-Yarborough; E. Franklin; J. Geisow; R. Howlett; C.D. West | title = Harwell Thermo-Mechanical Generator | year = 1974 | booktitle = Proceedings of the 9th IECEC | location = San Francisco | publisher = American Society of Mechanical Engineers | pages= 1132–1136 |bibcode=1974iece.conf.1132C}}
* E.H. Cooke-Yarborough (1970). "Heat Engines", ''[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US3548589 US patent 3548589]''. Granted to Atomic Energy Authority UK, 22 December 1970.
Baris 34 ⟶ 44:
* {{cite web | author = [[Hartford Steam Boiler]] | title = Hartford Steam Boiler: Steam Power and the Industrial Revolution | url = http://www.hsb.com/about.asp?id=50 | accessdate = 2009-01-18}}
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* {{cite web | author = Z. Herzog | title = Schmidt Analysis | url = http://mac6.ma.psu.edu/stirling/simulations/isothermal/schmidt.html | year = 2008 | accessdate = 2009-01-18 | archive-date = 2009-04-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090426000947/http://mac6.ma.psu.edu/stirling/simulations/isothermal/schmidt.html | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = K. Hirata | title = Design and manufacturing of a prototype engine | url = http://www.nmri.go.jp/eng/khirata/stirling/docpaper/sekkeie.html | publisher = National Maritime Research Institute | year = 1998 | accessdate = 2009-01-18 | archive-date = 2008-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081224083546/http://www.nmri.go.jp/eng/khirata/stirling/docpaper/sekkeie.html | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = K. Hirata | title = Schmidt Theory For Stirling Engines | url = http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/academic/schmidt/schmidt.htm | year = 1997 | accessdate = 2009-01-18}}
* {{cite web | author = K. Hirata | title = Palm Top Stirling Engine | url = http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/academic/kiriki/models/plm_top.html | accessdate = 2009-01-18}}
* {{cite web | author = M. Keveney | title = Two Cylinder Stirling Engine | url = http://www.animatedengines.com/vstirling.shtml | publisher = animatedengines.com | year = 2000a | accessdate = 2009-01-18 | archive-date = 2009-02-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090216145350/http://animatedengines.com/vstirling.shtml | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.animatedengines.com/stirling.shtml | title = Single Cylinder Stirling Engine | author = M. Keveney | publisher = animatedengines.com | year = 2000b | accessdate = 2009-01-18 | archive-date = 2009-02-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090216021840/http://animatedengines.com/stirling.shtml | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = Kockums | title = The Stirling Engine: An Engine for the Future | url = http://www.kockums.se/products/kockumsstirlingm.html | accessdate = 2009-01-18 | archive-date = 2008-08-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080830043719/http://www.kockums.se/products/kockumsstirlingm.html | dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite journal | author = B. Kongtragool; S. Wongwises | title = A review of solar-powered Stirling engines and low temperature differential Stirling engines | year = 2003 | journal = Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages = 131–154 | doi = 10.1016/S1364-0321(02)00053-9}}
* {{cite web | author = D. Liao | title = The Working Principles | url = http://www.logicsys.com.tw/wrkbas.htm | accessdate = 2009-01-18}}
* {{cite web | author = W.R. Martini | title = Stirling Engine Design Manual (2nd ed) | url = http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19830022057_1983022057.pdf | format = 17.9&nbsp;MB PDF | publisher = NASA | year = 1983 | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}
* {{cite web | author = [[Micro-Star International]] | title = World's First Powerless Air Cooler on a Mainboard! | url = http://global.msi.com.tw/index.php?func=newsdesc&news_no=591 | year = 2008 | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}{{dead link| archive-date =March 20122008-09-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080913215446/http://global.msi.com.tw/index.php?func=newsdesc&news_no=591 | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = A. Nesmith | title = A Long, Arduous March Toward Standardization | url = http://www.asme.org/Communities/History/Resources/Long_Arduous_March_Toward.cfm | publisher = Smithsonian Magazine | year = 1985 | accessdate = 2009-01-18}}
* {{cite web | author = A.J. Organ | title = 1818 and All That | url = http://web.me.com/allan.j.o/Communicable_Insight/1818_and_all_that.html | publisher = Communicable Insight | year = 2008a | accessdate = 2009-01-18}}
* {{cite web | author = A.J. Organ | title = Why Air? | url = http://web.me.com/allan.j.o/Communicable_Insight/Why_air.html | publisher = Communicable Insight | year = 2008b | accessdate = 2009-01-18}}
* {{Cite book|author = A.J. Organ|title = The Air Engine: Stirling Cycle Power for a Sustainable Future|publisher = Woodhead Publishing|year = 2007|isbn = 1-84569-231-4}}
* {{Cite book|author = A.J. Organ|title = The Regenerator and the Stirling Engine|url = https://archive.org/details/regeneratorstirl0000orga|publisher = Wiley|year = 1997|isbn = 1-86058-010-6}}
* {{Cite book|author = A.J. Organ|title = Thermodynamics and Gas Dynamics of the Stirling Cycle Machine|url = https://archive.org/details/thermodynamicsga0000orga|publisher = Cambridge University Press|year = 1992|isbn = 0-521-41363-X}}
* {{cite web | author = PASCO Scientific | title = Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide for the PASCO scientific Model SE-8575 | url = ftp://ftp.pasco.com/Support/Documents/English/SE/SE-8575/012-06055A.pdf | format = PDF | year = 1995 | accessdate = 2009-01-18 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* D. Postle (1873). "Producing Cold for Preserving Animal Food", ''British Patent 709'', granted 26 February 1873.
* {{cite web | author = Precer Group | title = Solid Biofuel-Powered Vehicle Technology | url = http://www.precer.com/Files/Precer_Data_Sheet_D.pdf |format=PDF | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}
Baris 57 ⟶ 67:
* {{Cite book|author = R. Sier|title = Hot Air Caloric and Stirling Engines: A History|volume = 1|edition = 1st (Revised)|publisher = L.A. Mair|year = 1999|isbn = 0-9526417-0-4}}
* {{Cite book|author = R. Sier|title = Reverend Robert Stirling D.D: A Biography of the Inventor of the Heat Economiser and Stirling Cycle Engine|publisher = L.A Mair|year = 1995|isbn = 0-9526417-0-4}}
* {{Cite journal | author = F. Starr | title = Power for the People: Stirling Engines for Domestic CHP | url = http://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/issues/issue8/Starr.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 2009-01-18 | journal = Ingenia | issue = 8 | pages = 27–32 | year = 2001 | archive-date = 2009-03-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090306045135/http://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/issues/issue8/Starr.pdf | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = WADE | title = Stirling Engines | url = http://www.localpower.org/deb_tech_se.html | accessdate = 2009-01-18 | authorlink = World Alliance for Decentralized Energy | archive-date = 2008-11-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081118195116/http://www.localpower.org/deb_tech_se.html | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = L.G. Thieme | title = High-power baseline and motoring test results for the GPU-3 Stirling engine | url = http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19810023544_1981023544.pdf | publisher = NASA | year = 1981 |osti=6321358 | format = 14.35&nbsp;MB PDF | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}
* {{Cite journal | author = Y. Timoumi; I. Tlili; S.B. Nasrallah | title = Performance Optimization of Stirling Engines | doi = 10.1016/j.renene.2007.12.012 | journal = Renewable Energy | volume = 33 | issue = 9 | pages = 2134–2144 | year = 2008}}
* G. Walker (1971). "Lecture notes for Stirling engine seminar", [[University of Bath]]. Reprinted in 1978.
* C.D. West (1970). "Hydraulic Heat Engines", ''Harwell Momorandum AERE-R6522''.
* {{cite web | author = S.K. Wickham | title = Kamen's Revolt | url = http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?articleId=1b081989-f67b-458e-8e42-913c8568fb36 | publisher = Union Leader | year = 2008 | accessdate = 2009-01-19 | archive-date = 2011-05-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110522195440/http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?articleId=1b081989-f67b-458e-8e42-913c8568fb36 | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = MAKE: Magazine | title = Two Can Stirling Engine | url = http://makezine.com/images/07/stirlingengine.pdf | year = 2006 | accessdate = 2012-03-18}}
{{Refend}}
Baris 69 ⟶ 79:
* R.C. Belaire (1977). "Device for decreasing the start-up time for stirling engines", ''[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=US&NR=4057962&KC=&FT=E US patent 4057962]''. Granted to Ford Motor Company, 15 November 1977.
* {{Cite journal | author = P.H. Ceperley | title = A pistonless Stirling engine—The traveling wave heat engine | journal = Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | volume = 66 | issue = 5 | pages = 1508–1513 | year = 1979 | doi = 10.1121/1.383505|bibcode = 1979ASAJ...66.1508C }}
* {{cite web | author = P. Fette | title = About the Efficiency of the Regenerator in the Stirling Engine and the Function of the Volume Ratio V<sub>max</sub>/V<sub>min</sub> | url = http://home.germany.net/101-276996/etatherm.htm | accessdate = 2009-01-19 | archive-date = 2001-03-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010308160736/http://home.germany.net/101-276996/etatherm.htm | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = P. Fette | title = A Twice Double Acting α-Type Stirling Engine Able to Work with Compound Fluids Using Heat Energy of Low to Medium Temperatures | url = http://home.germany.net/101-276996/english.htm | accessdate = 2009-01-19 | archive-date = 2001-03-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010308161255/http://home.germany.net/101-276996/english.htm | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = D. Haywood | title = An Introduction to Stirling-Cycle Machine | url = http://www.occc.edu/gholland/Thermo/Stirling_Intro.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 2013-12-20 | archive-date = 2013-05-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130512224857/http://www.occc.edu/gholland/Thermo/Stirling_Intro.pdf | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = Z. Herzog | url = http://mac6.ma.psu.edu/stirling/ | title = Stirling Engines | publisher = Pennsylvania State University | location = Mont Alto | year = 2006 | accessdate = 2009-01-19 | archive-date = 2007-04-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070403174124/http://mac6.ma.psu.edu/stirling/ | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = F. Kyei-Manu; A. Obodoako | title = Solar Stirling-Engine Water Pump Proposal Draft | url = http://www.engin.swarthmore.edu/academics/courses/e90/2005_6/E90Proposal/FK_AO.pdf | format = PDF | year = 2005 | accessdate = 2009-01-19 | archive-date = 2009-03-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090306045136/http://www.engin.swarthmore.edu/academics/courses/e90/2005_6/E90Proposal/FK_AO.pdf | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = Lund University, Department of Energy Science: Division of Combustion Engines | title = Stirling Engine Research | url = http://www.vok.lth.se/~ce/Research/stirling/stirling_en.htm | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}{{dead link| archive-date =March 20122008-04-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080419062324/http://www.vok.lth.se/~ce/Research/stirling/stirling_en.htm | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | author = N.P. Nightingale | title = NASA Automotive Stirling Engine MOD II Design Report | url = http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19880002196_1988002196.pdf |format=PDF| publisher = NASA | year = 1986 | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}
* {{cite web | author = D. Phillips | title = Why Aviation Needs the Stirling Engine | url = http://www.airsport-corp.com/fourpartstirling.html | year = 1994 | accessdate = 2009-01-19 | archive-date = 2009-01-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090119035229/http://www.airsport-corp.com/fourpartstirling.html | dead-url = yes }}
{{Refend}}
 
Baris 82 ⟶ 92:
{{Wiktionary|Stirling engine}}
* {{dmoz|Science/Technology/Energy/Devices/External_Combustion_Engines/Stirling_Engines}}
* I. Urieli (2008). [http://www.ent.ohiou.edu/~urieli/stirling/me422.html Stirling Cycle Machine Analysis 2008 Winter Syllabus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630062833/http://www.ent.ohiou.edu/~urieli/stirling/me422.html |date=2010-06-30 }}
* [http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/academic/simple/simplee.htm Simple Performance Prediction Method for Stirling Engine]
* [http://leakystirling.Free.fr/ Explanations stirling engine and demos]
* Shockwave3D models: [http://touch3d.net/stirling_b.html Beta Stirling] and [http://touch3d.net/stirling_ltd.html LTD]
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[[Kategori:Teknik mesin]]
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[[Kategori:Mesin udara panas]]
[[Kategori:Penemuan Skotlandia]]
 
 
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