National Football League: Perbedaan antara revisi
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|title = National Football League
|Formerly = American Professional Football Conference (1920)<br />American Professional Football Association (1920–1922)
|current_season = NFL musim
|logo = National Football League.
|pixels = 150 px
|sport = [[Sepak bola Amerika]]
|founded = 17 September 1920<ref>{{cite web|title=Sept. 17, 1920 – The Founding of the NFL|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/history/release.aspx?release_id=98|publisher=[[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]|accessdate=July 9, 2012|archive-date=2012-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709235237/http://www.profootballhof.com/history/release.aspx?release_id=98|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br />[[Canton]], [[Ohio]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
|ceo = [[Roger Goodell]]
|fame =
Baris 14:
|teams = 32
|country = {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
|champion = [[
|most_champs = [[Green Bay Packers]]<br />(13 gelar)
|website = [http://www.nfl.com/ NFL.com]
|TV = [[CBS]]<br />[[FOX]]<br />[[NBC]]<br />[[ESPN]]<br />NFL Network
|MVP=Nick Foles}}
'''National Football League''' ({{trans|"Liga Sepakbola Nasional"}}) merupakan kompetisi liga [[sepak bola Amerika]] di [[Amerika Serikat]]. Liga ini diikuti oleh 32 tim dari dua konferensi yang berbeda, yaitu [[American Football Conference]] (AFC) dan [[National Football Conference]] (NFC). Konferensi ini masing-masing terbagi menjadi empat divisi menurut wilayah, yaitu Utara, Barat, Selatan, dan Timur. NFL adalah salah satu dari empat liga olahraga profesional utama di Amerika Utara, dan merupakan kasta tertinggi untuk sepak bola Amerika profesional. [[Musim reguler NFL]] berjalan selama tujuh belas pekan, dimulai seminggu setelah [[Hari Buruh#Amerika Serikat|Hari Buruh]] hingga sepekan setelah [[Natal]], dengan tiap tim bermain 16 kali dan mendapatkan satu pekan ''[[Bye (olahraga)|bye]]''. Setelah musim reguler berakhir, enam tim dari tiap-tiap konferensi (empat tim berperingkat tertinggi dan dua tim pemenang ''[[Wild card (NFL)|wild card]]'') akan melaju ke [[babak gugur NFL]], yang berakhir dengan [[Super Bowl]], dimainkan oleh juara AFC dan NFC.
== Sejarah ==
Baris 84:
|align=center|71,008
|{{Coord|39.278|-76.623|type:landmark|name=Baltimore Ravens}}
|{{dts|1996}}{{refn|The Baltimore Ravens were originally the [[Cleveland Browns]], and [[Cleveland Browns relocation controversy|moved to Baltimore in 1996]]. Due to an agreement with the city of [[Cleveland]] that allowed the club to move, the Browns name, colors, and team history/records were left for a new Cleveland Browns team while the team, personnel, and staff of the old Browns team were allowed to move to Baltimore.<ref name="Deal clears NFL path to Baltimore">{{cite news|last=Morgan|first=Jan|title=Deal clears NFL path to Baltimore|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/bal-modell020996,1,2346653.story?page=2|newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|date=February 9, 1996|accessdate=February 1, 2013|archive-date=2012-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901195924/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/bal-modell020996,1,2346653.story?page=2|dead-url=yes}}</ref> As such, the Ravens are considered to have begun play in [[1996 Baltimore Ravens season|1996]] while the current Cleveland Browns are considered to have been founded in [[1950 NFL season|1950]], became inactive from 1996 to 1998,<ref name="History of NFL franchises, 1920–present" /> and resumed play as new team in 1999.<ref name="Rival Pittsburgh gives Cleveland a brutal welcome in 43-0 drubbing">{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/brownshistory/plaindealer/index.ssf?/browns/more/history/19990912BROWNS.html|title=Rival Pittsburgh gives Cleveland a brutal welcome in 43-0 drubbing|last=Gossi|first=Tony|date=September 12, 1999|newspaper=[[The Plain Dealer]]|accessdate=February 1, 2013|archive-date=2013-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513014517/http://www.cleveland.com/brownshistory/plaindealer/index.ssf?%2Fbrowns%2Fmore%2Fhistory%2F19990912BROWNS.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha|name=c}}
|[[John Harbaugh]]
|-
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|'''[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]'''
|[[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], [[Florida|FL]]
|[[EverBank Field]]{{refn|The Jaguars began playing one home game each season at [[Wembley Stadium]] in London, England in 2013, and will continue to do so through 2020.<ref name="Jacksonville Jaguars to play four NFL 'home' games at Wembley">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/aug/21/jacksonville-jaguars-nfl-wembley|title=Jacksonville Jaguars to play four NFL 'home' games at Wembley|last=Pengelly|first=Martin|date=August 21, 2012|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=February 1, 2013|location=London}}</ref><ref name="Jacksonville Jaguars to host regular-season game in United Kingdom in each of next four years">{{cite news|title=Jacksonville Jaguars to host regular-season game in United Kingdom in each of next four years|url=http://www.jaguars.com/news/article-JaguarsNews/Jacksonville-Jaguars-to-host-regular-season-game-in--United-Kingdom-in-each-of-next-four-years/999e3874-69c5-4ae6-933e-b1ea28fb4559|publisher=Jacksonville Jaguars|website=Jaguars.com|date=August 21, 2012|accessdate=January 14, 2015|archive-date=2015-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919151830/http://www.jaguars.com/news/article-JaguarsNews/Jacksonville-Jaguars-to-host-regular-season-game-in--United-Kingdom-in-each-of-next-four-years/999e3874-69c5-4ae6-933e-b1ea28fb4559|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="Jaguars at Wembley through 2020">{{cite press release|title=NFL, Jaguars extend agreement to play at Wembley through 2020|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000562946/article/nfl-jaguars-extend-agreement-to-play-at-wembley-through-2020|publisher=NFL Enterprises|website=NFL.com|date=October 22, 2015|access-date=November 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124161410/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000562946/article/nfl-jaguars-extend-agreement-to-play-at-wembley-through-2020|archive-date=November 24, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha|name=d}}
|align=center|67,246
|{{Coord|30.324|-81.638|type:landmark|name=Jacksonville Jaguars}}
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|{{Coord|39.049|-94.484|type:landmark|name=Kansas City Chiefs}}
|{{dts|1960}} ([[American Football League|AFL]]), 1970 (NFL)
|[[Andy Reid (pelatih sepak bola Amerika)|Andy Reid]]
|-
|'''[[Oakland Raiders]]'''<sup>*</sup>
Baris 289:
|'''[[Los Angeles Rams]]'''<sup>*</sup>
|[[Los Angeles]], [[California|CA]]
|[[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]]{{refn|The Rams will play at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum from 2016–2018 until the [[City of Champions Stadium|Los Angeles Entertainment Center]] in [[Inglewood, California]], has finished construction for the 2019 NFL season.<ref name="Rams to relocate to Los Angeles; Chargers option to join">{{cite web|last=Hanzus|first=Dan|title=Rams to relocate to L.A.; Chargers first option to join|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000621645/article/rams-to-relocate-to-la-chargers-first-option-to-join|publisher=National Football League|website=NFL.com|date=January 12, 2016|accessdate=January 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=General FAQs|url=http://welcomehomerams.com/|publisher=Los Angeles Rams|quote=Where will the Rams play? For the first three seasons we'll play at the L.A. Coliseum. In 2019, we'll move into the most advanced, world-class stadium ever built located in Inglewood, CA.|date=January 18, 2016|accessdate=January 18, 2016|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117173845/http://welcomehomerams.com/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kurzweil|first=Anthony|title=Los Angeles Rams to Take Season Ticket Deposits Beginning Monday|url=http://ktla.com/2016/01/18/los-angeles-rams-to-take-season-ticket-deposits-beginning-monday/|publisher=[[KTLA]]|website=KTLA.com|date=January 18, 2016|accessdate=January 18, 2016}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha|name=f}}
|align=center|93,607
|{{Coord|34.014|-118.288|type:landmark|name=Los Angeles Rams}}
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|colspan="8" style="font-size:8pt"|<sup>*</sup> klub yang sudah pernah berpindah kota<br /><sup>†</sup> klub pendiri NFL
|}
== Piala dan Penghargaan ==
=== Piala Tim ===
[[Liga Sepak Bola Nasional Ceko|Liga Sepak Bola Nasional]] (NFL) menggunakan tiga piala yang berbeda untuk menghormati juaranya sepanjang sejarahnya. Piala pertama, yang disebut Piala Brunswick-Balke Collender, disumbangkan kepada NFL (pada saat itu masih bernama APFA) pada tahun [[1920]] oleh Perusahaan Brunswick-Balke Collender. Piala ini memiliki penampilan yang hanya diketahui melalui deskripsi sebagai "piala cinta perak" dan dimaksudkan sebagai piala keliling. Piala ini tidak menjadi permanen hingga suatu tim memenangkan setidaknya tiga gelar. Liga memberikannya kepada Akron Pros, juara musim [[1920]]. Namun, piala ini kemudian dihentikan dan keberadaannya saat ini tidak diketahui.<ref name="Local history: Searching for lost trophy">{{cite web|url=http://www.ohio.com/news/searching-for-lost-trophy-1.204246|title=Local history: Searching for lost trophy|last=Price|first=Mark J.|date=25 April 2011|work=[[Akron Beacon Journal]]|access-date=5 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702061827/http://www.ohio.com/news/searching-for-lost-trophy-1.204246|archive-date=2 July 2011|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
Piala kedua, yang dikenal sebagai Piala Memorial Ed Thorp, diberikan oleh NFL dari tahun [[1934]] hingga [[1967]]. Piala ini dinamai setelah Ed Thorp, seorang wasit dalam liga dan seorang teman dari banyak pemilik tim awal. Setelah Thorp meninggal pada tahun [[1934]], liga menciptakan piala ini untuk menghormatinya. Selain piala utama yang berada di penguasaan juara liga saat ini, liga juga mengeluarkan piala replika yang lebih kecil kepada setiap juara, yang akan mempertahankan kendali permanen atasnya. Saat ini, Piala Memorial Ed Thorp, yang sebelumnya diyakini hilang, diyakini berada di Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite news|last=Christi|first=Cliff|title=The mystery of the Ed Thorp Memorial Trophy|url=http://www.packers.com/news-and-events/article-cliffs-notes/article-1/The-mystery-of-the-Ed-Thorp-Memorial-Trophy/69ec5eb4-a138-453f-84db-ec0ee40f1cb0|publisher=Green Bay Packers|website=Packers.com|date=28 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128174924/https://www.packers.com/news-and-events/article-cliffs-notes/article-1/The-mystery-of-the-Ed-Thorp-Memorial-Trophy/69ec5eb4-a138-453f-84db-ec0ee40f1cb0|archive-date=28 January 2017|access-date=31 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Piala NFL saat ini adalah Piala Vince Lombardi. Piala ini merupakan piala resmi dari Super Bowl dan nama resminya diubah menjadi Piala Vince Lombardi pada tahun [[1970]], sebagai penghormatan kepada Vince Lombardi yang memimpin Green Bay Packers menjadi juara dalam dua Super Bowl pertama. Berbeda dengan piala sebelumnya, Piala Vince Lombardi diberikan kepada juara setiap tahunnya dan tim tersebut mempertahankan kendali permanen atasnya. Piala ini dibuat oleh Tiffany & Co. dari perak sterling dan memiliki nilai antara US$25.000 hingga US$300.000.<ref name="Football's super prize reaches icon status">{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/general/2002/01/31/sb-trophy.htm|title=Football's super prize reaches icon status|last=Horovitz|first=Bruce|date=30 January 2002|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=5 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219134540/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/general/2002/01/31/sb-trophy.htm|archive-date=19 February 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Selain itu, setiap pemain dalam tim pemenang, pelatih, dan staf juga menerima [[cincin Super Bowl]] sebagai penghargaan atas kemenangan mereka. Desain cincin Super Bowl dipilih oleh tim pemenang dan memiliki variasi desain yang unik, meskipun ada spesifikasi tertentu yang harus dipatuhi, termasuk adanya logo Super Bowl pada setidaknya satu sisi cincin.<ref name="45 Years of Super Bowl Rings">{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/rings|title=45 Years of Super Bowl Rings|work=[[ESPN.com]]|access-date=5 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206165640/http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/rings|archive-date=6 February 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Meskipun demikian, tim yang kalah juga menerima cincin, meskipun nilainya tidak boleh lebih dari setengah dari nilai cincin tim pemenang. Namun, cincin untuk tim yang kalah jarang digunakan atau dipakai.
Juara konferensi menerima piala sebagai penghargaan atas prestasi mereka. Juara Konferensi Nasional (NFC) menerima [[Piala George Halas dalam Kejuaraan NFC|Piala George Halas]], yang diberi nama mengikuti pendiri Chicago Bears, George Halas, yang juga dianggap sebagai salah satu pendiri NFL. Juara Konferensi Amerika (AFC) menerima [[Piala Lamar Hunt dalam Kejuaraan AFC|Piala Lamar Hunt]], yang dinamai mengikuti Lamar Hunt, pendiri Kansas City Chiefs dan salah satu pendiri utama American Football League (AFL). Pemain dalam tim pemenang juga menerima cincin kejuaraan konferensi.<ref name="Patriots Receive AFC Championship Rings From Owner Robert Kraft">{{cite web|url=http://nesn.com/2012/06/patriots-receive-afc-championship-rings-from-owner-robert-kraft/|title=Patriots Receive AFC Championship Rings From Owner Robert Kraft|last=Pollak|first=Austin|date=14 June 2012|publisher=[[New England Sports Network]]|access-date=5 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512074706/http://nesn.com/2012/06/patriots-receive-afc-championship-rings-from-owner-robert-kraft/|archive-date=12 May 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Seahawks receive NFC championship rings">{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2474933|title=Seahawks receive NFC championship rings|date=7 June 2006|work=[[ESPN.com]]|access-date=5 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925191540/http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2474933|archive-date=25 September 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
=== Penghargaan Pemain dan Pelatih ===
NFL memberikan sejumlah penghargaan kepada pemain dan pelatihnya dalam acara tahunan yang disebut NFL Honors. Penghargaan paling bergengsi adalah penghargaan AP Most Valuable Player (MVP) dari National Football League.<ref name="MVP in NFL: Peyton Manning or Adrian Peterson, it's a two-horse race">{{cite news|url=http://www.denverpost.com/broncos/ci_22503334/mvp-nfl-two-horse-race-between-peyton-manning|title=MVP in NFL: Peyton Manning or Adrian Peterson, it's a two-horse race|last=Klis|first=Mike|work=[[The Denver Post]]|access-date=16 February 2013|date=2 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205054810/http://www.denverpost.com/broncos/ci_22503334/mvp-nfl-two-horse-race-between-peyton-manning|archive-date=5 February 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Penghargaan lainnya termasuk AP Offensive Player of the Year (Pemain Serang Terbaik), AP Defensive Player of the Year (Pemain Bertahan Terbaik), AP Comeback Player of the Year (Pemain Bangkit Tahun Ini), serta penghargaan AP Offensive and Defensive Rookie of the Year (Pemain Rookie Serang dan Bertahan Terbaik).<ref name="NFL Honors">{{cite web|title=NFL Honors|url=http://www.nfl.com/honors|publisher=NFL Enterprises|website=NFL.com|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217020419/http://www.nfl.com/honors|archive-date=17 February 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Salah satu penghargaan yang bergengsi adalah Walter Payton Man of the Year Award, yang mengakui kontribusi pemain di luar lapangan selain penampilannya di lapangan.<ref name="Jason Witten wins Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year award">{{cite news|last=Watkins|first=Calvin|title=Jason Witten wins Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year award|url=http://espn.go.com/blog/dallas/cowboys/post/_/id/4705492/jason-witten-wins-walter-payton-nfl-man-of-the-year-award|publisher=ESPN Internet Ventures|website=ESPN.com|date=2 February 2013|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208015936/http://espn.go.com/blog/dallas/cowboys/post/_/id/4705492/jason-witten-wins-walter-payton-nfl-man-of-the-year-award|archive-date=8 February 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Penghargaan lainnya termasuk penghargaan NFL Coach of the Year (Pelatih Tahun Ini), yang merupakan penghargaan tertinggi bagi pelatih.<ref name="Bruce Arians wins 2012 Coach of the Year Award">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/blog/eye-on-football/21630819/bruce-arians-wins-2012-coach-of-the-year-award|title=Bruce Arians wins 2012 Coach of the Year Award|last=Brinson|first=Will|date=2 February 2013|work=[[CBS Sports]]|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927090211/https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/21630819/bruce-arians-wins-2012-coach-of-the-year-award|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Selain itu, NFL juga memberikan penghargaan mingguan seperti FedEx Air & Ground NFL Players of the Week (Pemain Terbaik Mingguan FedEx Air & Ground)<ref name="Peyton Manning and Adrian Peterson named 2012 FedEx Air & Ground NFL Players of the Year at '2nd Annual NFL Honors'">{{cite web|title=Peyton Manning and Adrian Peterson named 2012 FedEx Air & Ground NFL Players of the Year at '2nd Annual NFL Honors'|url=http://www.nfl.com/voting/players-air-and-ground/2012/YEAR/0|publisher=NFL Enterprises|website=NFL.com|access-date=17 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216233652/http://www.nfl.com/voting/players-air-and-ground/2012/YEAR/0|archive-date=16 February 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> dan Pepsi MAX NFL Rookie of the Week (Pemain Rookie Terbaik Pepsi MAX NFL).<ref name="Seattle Seahawks QB Russell Wilson named 2012 Pepsi MAX NFL Rookie of the Year">{{cite web|title=Seattle Seahawks QB Russell Wilson named 2012 Pepsi MAX NFL Rookie of the Year|url=http://www.nfl.com/voting/rookies/2012/YEAR/0|publisher=NFL Enterprises|website=NFL.com|access-date=17 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217033217/http://www.nfl.com/voting/rookies/2012/YEAR/0|archive-date=17 February 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
== Catatan ==
{{reflist|group=decimal}}
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* {{en}} [http://www.nflplayers.com Official Situs web pemain NFL]
* {{en}} [http://www.superbowl.com Official Situs web resmi Super Bowl]
* {{en}} [http://cbs.sportsline.com/nfl/history Sejarah NFL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405204536/http://cbs.sportsline.com/nfl/history |date=2008-04-05 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=700 Polling tim NFL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206224635/http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=700 |date=2010-02-06 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/30/06nfl_NFL-Team-Valuations_land.html NFL Nilai Waralaba tim-tim NFL]
* {{en}} [http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/index Entri NFL pada situs web ESPN]
* {{en}} [http://www.nbcsports.com Entri NFL pada situs web NBC]
* {{fr}} [http://www.newsnfl.tk/ Site français sur la Ligue nationale de football (NFL)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328234807/http://www.newsnfl.tk/ |date=2009-03-28 }}
{{NFL}}
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