Pengepungan Konstantinopel (717–718): Perbedaan antara revisi

 

==Kajian sejarah dan pengaruh==

Pengepungan Konstantinopel yang kedua lebh berbahaya bagi Bizantium daripada yang pertama, karena serangan tersebut langsung dan terencana terhadap ibukota. Pada [[717]]–[[718]], pihak Arab memutus hubungan kota sepenuhnya, daripada membatasi diri untuk blokade longgar seperti pada pengepungan [[674]]–[[678]].<ref name="Lilie132">{{harvnb|Lilie|1976|p=132}}.</ref> <!--It represented an effort by the Caliphate to "cut off the head" of the Byzantine Empire, after which the remaining provinces, especially in Asia Minor, would be easy to capture.<ref>{{harvnb|Lilie|1976|pp=140–141}}.</ref> The Arab failure was chiefly logistical, as they were operating too far from their Syrian bases. The superiority of the Byzantine navy and of Greek fire, the strength of Constantinople's fortifications, and the skill of Leo III in deception and negotiations also played important roles.<ref>{{harvnb|Blankinship|1994|p=105}}; {{harvnb|Kaegi|2008|p=385}}; {{harvnb|Lilie|1976|p=141}}; {{harvnb|Treadgold|1997|p=349}}.</ref>