Pengguna:Erik Evrest/Bak pasir/1: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Glorious Engine (bicara | kontrib)
Glorious Engine (bicara | kontrib)
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The Turk made its debut in 1770 di Istana Schönbrunn, about enam bulan setelah Pelletier's act. Kempelen addressed the court, presenting what he had built, and began the demonstration of the machine and its parts. With every showing of the Turk, Kempelen began by opening the doors and drawers of the cabinet, allowing members of the audience to inspect the machine. Following this display, Kempelen would announce that the machine was ready for a challenger.<ref>Standage, 24–17.</ref>
 
Kempelen would inform the player that the Turk would use the [[Rules of chess#Initial setup|white pieces]] dan have the first move. Between moves the Turk kept its left arm on the cushion. The Turk could nod twice if it threatened its opponent's [[ratu (catur)|ratu]], dan three times upon placing the [[raja (catur)|raja]] in check. If an opponent made an illegal move, the Turk would shake its head, move the piece back and make its own move, thus forcing a forfeit of its opponent's move.<ref>Levitt, 17.</ref> [[Louis Dutens]], aseorang travellerpenjelajah whoyang observed a showing of the Turk, attempted to trick the machine "by giving the QueenRatu the move of a Knight, but my mechanic opponent was not to be so imposed upon; he took up my Queen and replaced her in the square from which I had moved her."<ref name="Dutens">Louis Dutens, from a letter published in ''Le Mercure du France'' ([[Paris]], circa October 1770; later translated into English and reprinted in ''Gentleman's Magazine'' ([[London]]); translation taken from Levitt.</ref> Kempelen made it a point to traverse the room during the match, and invited observers to bring magnetsmagnet, irons, and [[lodestone]]s to the cabinet to test whether the machine was run by a form of magnetism or weights. TheOrang firstpertama personyang tobermain play thedengan Turk wasadalah [[Count Ludwig von Cobenzl]], an Austrianseorang [[courtierabdi dalem]] Austria di the istana. Along with other challengers that day, he was quickly defeated, with observers of the match stating that the machine played aggressively, and typically beat its opponents within thirtytiga minutesmenit.<ref>Standage, 30.</ref>[[Image:Turk-knights-tour.svg|left|thumb|[[Perjalanan kuda]] yang dituntaskan oleh Turk. The closed loop that is formed allows the tour to be completed from any starting point on the board.<ref name="Standage, 30–31">Standage, 30–31.</ref>]]
 
Another part of the machine's exhibition was the completion of the [[perjalanan kuda]], a famed chess puzzle. The puzzle requires the player to move a knight around a chessboardpapan catur, touching each square once along the way. While most experienced chesspemain playerscatur of the time still struggled with the puzzle, the Turk was capable of completing the tour without any difficulty from any starting point via a pegboard used by the director with a mapping of the puzzle laid out.<ref name="Standage, 30–31"/>
 
Turk juga had the ability to converse with spectators using a letter board. The director, whose identity during the period when Kempelen presented the machine di Istana Schönbrunn is unknown,<ref>Standage, 204–205</ref> was able to do this in Inggris, Perancis, dan Jerman. [[Carl Hindenburg|Carl Friedrich Hindenburg]], sebuah universitas matematika, kept a record of the conversations during the Turk's time di [[Leipzig]] anddan publishedmempublikasikannya itpada intahun 1789 asdengan judul ''Über den Schachspieler des Herrn von Kempelen und dessen Nachbildung'' (atau ''On the ChessplayerPemain ofCatur Mr.Tuan von Kempelen And Itsdan ReplicaReplikanya''). Topics of questions put to dan dijawab oleh Turk included its age, marital status, anddan its secret workings.<ref>Levitt, 33–34.</ref>
 
==Tur Eropa==