Pengguna:Stephanus Victor/bak pasir: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 1:
==== Mendaki Gunung Erebus ====
[[File:Mount Erebus Aerial 2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Gunung Erebus]]]]
After ''Nimrod''{{'}}s departure, the sea ice broke up, cutting off the party's route to the Barrier and thus making preparatory [[sledding|sledging]] and depot-laying impossible. Shackleton decided to give the expedition impetus by ordering an immediate attempt to ascend [[Mount Erebus]].{{sfn|Riffenburgh|pp=171–177}} This mountain, {{convert|12450|ft|m|}} high, had never been climbed. A party from ''Discovery'' (which had included Wild and Joyce) had explored the foothills in 1904 but had not ascended higher than {{convert|3000|ft|m|}}. Neither Wild nor Joyce was in the ''Nimrod'' Expedition's main Erebus party, which consisted of David, Mawson and Mackay. With Marshall, Adams and Brocklehurst forming a support group, the ascent began on 5 March.{{sfn|Riffenburgh|pp=171–177}}
 
On 7 March the two groups combined at around {{convert|5500|ft|m|}} and all advanced towards the summit. On the following day a [[blizzard]] held them up, but early on 9 March the climb resumed; later that day the summit of the lower, main crater, was achieved.{{sfn|Riffenburgh|pp=171–177}} By this time Brocklehurst's feet were too [[frostbite|frostbitten]] for him to continue, so he was left in camp while the others advanced to the active crater, which they reached after four hours. Several meteorological experiments were carried out and many rock samples were taken. Thereafter a rapid descent was made, mainly by sliding down successive snow-slopes. The party reached the Cape Royds hut "nearly dead", according to Eric Marshall, on 11 March.{{sfn|Riffenburgh|pp=171–177}}<!--
 
==== Musim dingin tahun 1908 ====
The expedition's hut, a prefabricated structure measuring 33 x 19&nbsp;feet (10m x 5.8m), was ready for occupation by the end of February. It was divided into a series of mainly two-person cubicles, with a kitchen area, a darkroom, storage and laboratory space. The ponies were housed in stalls built on the most sheltered side of the hut, while the dog kennels were placed close to the porch.{{sfn|Shackleton|pp=81–91}} Shackleton's inclusive leadership style, in contrast to that of Scott, meant no demarcation between upper and lower decks—all lived, worked and ate together. Morale was high; as Brocklehurst recorded, Shackleton "had a faculty for treating each member of the expedition as though he were valuable to it".{{sfn|Riffenburgh|p=185}}
 
In the ensuing months of winter darkness Joyce and Wild printed around 30&nbsp;copies of the expedition's book, [[Aurora Australis (book)|''Aurora Australis'']], which were sewn and bound using packaging materials.{{sfn|Mills|p=65}} The most important winter's work, however, was preparing for the following season's major journeys, which were to include attempts on both the South Pole and the South Magnetic Pole. By making his base in McMurdo Sound, Shackleton had been able to reinstate the Magnetic Pole as an expedition objective. Shackleton himself would be leading the South Pole journey, which had suffered a serious setback during the winter when four of the remaining ponies died, mainly from eating volcanic sand for its salt content.{{sfn|Riffenburgh|pp=171–177}}<!--
 
{{anchor|Southern journey}}