Penggurunan: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 |
Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 |
||
Baris 21:
[[Berkas:Cabrasnortechico.JPG|jmpl|ka|250px|Sekawanan [[kambing]] di [[Norte Chico, Cili|Norte Chico]], [[Cili]]. [[Penggembalaan hewan]] yang berlebihan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama penggurunan]]
Penyebab utama penggurunan adalah menghilangnya vegetasi yang terjadi karena berbagai hal seperti kekeringan, perubahan iklim, aktivitas pertanian, penggembalaan hewan berlebih, dan [[pengawahutanan]]. Vegetasi memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan komposisi biologis dari tanah. Sebuah kajian menunjukan bahwa di berbagai lingkungan, laju pengikisan dan aliran air permukaan berkurang secara eksponensial dengan meningkatnya luas tutupan vegetasi.<ref>{{cite book|authors=Geeson, Nichola et al|title=Mediterranean desertification: a mosaic of processes and responses|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2002|isbn=978-0-470-84448-9|page=58|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=G_0qg0f49GQC&pg=PA58}}</ref> Permukaan lahan kering yang tidak terlindungi akan tertiup oleh angin atau tersapu oleh banjir bandang, meninggalkan lapisan tanah yang tidak subur dan terpanggang oleh cahaya matahari dan tidak menjadi produktif. Namun, sebuah penelitian lain menunjukan bahwa pergerakan hewan ternak dan hewan liar menjadi faktor penentu utama dalam mempertahankan vegetasi dan kualitas tanah, dan menghilangnya hewan ternak dan hewan liar menjadi salah satu penyebab penggurunan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Savory|first=Allan|title=Allan Savory: How to green the world's deserts and reverse climate change|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpTHi7O66pI}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Savory|first=Allan|title=Holistic resource management: a conceptual framework for ecologically sound economic modelling|url=http://www.savoryinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/ISEE_economic_modeling_paper.pdf|work=Ecological Economics|publisher=Elsevier Science Publishers|accessdate=10 Maret 2013|archive-date=2013-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523200348/http://www.savoryinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/ISEE_economic_modeling_paper.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Butterfield|first=Jody|title=Holistic Management Handbook: Healthy Land, Healthy Profits, Second Edition|year=2006|publisher=Island Press|isbn=1559638850}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Savory|first=Allan|title=Response to request for information on the "science" and "methodology" underpinning Holistic Management and holistic planned grazing|url=http://www.savoryinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Science-Methodology-Holistic-Mgt_Update_March.pdf|work=Savory Institute|accessdate=10 Maret 2013|archive-date=2013-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523074713/http://www.savoryinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Science-Methodology-Holistic-Mgt_Update_March.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Mitigasi dan pencegahan ==
Baris 71:
* Lucke, Bernhard (2007): Demise of the Decapolis. Past and Present Desertification in the Context of Soil Development, Land Use, and Climate. Online at [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-3431]
* {{cite book|author=Mensah, Joseph|chapter=Desertification|editor=Leonard, Thomas M.|title=Encyclopedia of the developing world, Volume 1|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2006|isbn=978-0-415-97662-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC&pg=PA452}}
* [[Millennium Ecosystem Assessment]] (2005) [http://millenniumassessment.org//proxy/document.355.aspx ''Desertification Synthesis Report''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614063156/http://millenniumassessment.org/proxy/document.355.aspx |date=2006-06-14 }}
* [[William G. Moseley|Moseley, W.G.]] and E. Jerme 2010. “Desertification.” In: Warf, B. (ed). Encyclopedia of Geography. Sage Publications. Volume 2, pp. 715–719.
* {{cite book|editor=Oliver, John E.|chapter=Desertification|title=Encyclopedia of world climatology|publisher=Springer|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4020-3264-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-mwbAsxpRr0C&pg=PA319}}
Baris 91:
* [[United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification]] - [http://www.unccd.int/ Secretariat]
* [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/unccd/unccd.html Procedural history and related documents] on the ''United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Dersertification, Particularly in Africa'' in the [http://legal.un.org/avl/historicarchives.html Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law]
* [http://www.desertrestore.org/ A guide for desert and dryland restoration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116170155/http://www.desertrestore.org/ |date=2011-11-16 }} by David A. Bainbridge
* [http://www.csf-desertification.eu French Scientific Committee on Desertification (CSFD)]
* [http://nocamels.com/2013/01/olive-trees-may-be-the-cure-for-desertification Olive Trees May Be The Answer To Desertification ]
| |||