Perang Israel−Hamas 2023: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 5 November 2023 04.30 sunting Fazoffic (bicara \| kontrib) Pengecualian blokir IP, Peninjau, Pengembali revisi, Pengurus 20.475 suntingan Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: halaman dengan galat kutipan Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi per 3 April 2024 16.53 sunting balikkan Hanamanteo (bicara \| kontrib) 45.295 suntingan k Hanamanteo memindahkan halaman Perang Israel−Hamas ke Perang Israel−Hamas 2023 dengan menimpa pengalihan lama Revisi selanjutnya →
(40 revisi perantara oleh 22 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: {{Terkini}} ~~{{Terkini}}{{Update\|date=November 2023}}~~{{expand language\|langcode=en\|otherarticle=2023 Israel–Hamas war\|date=November 2023~~}}{{Redirect\|Perang Gaza−Israel 2023\|\|Konflik Gaza−Israel~~}} {{Redirect\|Perang Gaza−Israel 2023\|\|Konflik Gaza−Israel}} {{Infobox military conflict \| conflict = Perang Israel−Hamas ~~2023~~ \| partof = [[Konflik ~~Arab-Israel~~Israel–Palestina]] \| image = October 2023 Gaza−Israel conflict.svg \| caption = {{leftlegend\|#F08080\|[[Jalur Gaza]] di bawah kendali Palestina}}{{leftlegend\|#4169E1\|~~Wilayah~~Tingkat ~~Gaza~~invasi diIsrael ~~bawah~~ke ~~kendali~~Gaza ~~[[Israel]]~~saat ini}}{{leftlegend\|#FFFF00\|~~Area~~Daerah-daerah yang dievakuasi di dalam Israel}}{{left\|1={{legend-line\|red dashed 2px\|~~Garis maju~~Tingkat maksimum ~~militan~~invasi ~~Palestina~~Gaza ke Israel}}}}{{left\|1={{legend-line\|blue dashed 2px\|~~Daerah di Jalur~~Wilayah Gaza yang ~~diperintahkan~~terkena ~~untuk dievakuasi~~perintah ~~oleh~~evakuasi Israel}}}}<br />Lihat [[:en:Template:Israeli-Palestinian conflict detailed map\|di sini]] untuk peta yang lebih ~~komprehensif~~rinci. \| date = {{start and end date\|2023\|10\|7\|sekarang\|df=yes}}{{br}}({{Age in years, months, weeks and days\|year=2023\|month=10\|day=7\|sc=y}}) \| place = [[Israel]], [[wilayah Palestina]], ~~selatan~~dan [[konflik perbatasan Israel–Lebanon tahun 2023\|Lebanon]], ~~dan~~(pertempuran lanjutan dalam [[keterlibatan Houthi dalam perang Israel–Hamas\|Laut Merah]], [[serangan tahun 2023 terhadap pangkalan AS di Irak dan Suriah\|Suriah dan Irak]]) \| result = \| combatant1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of Hamas.svg}} '''[[Hamas]]'''<br>{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg}} [[Jihad Islam Palestina]]<br>{{flagicon image\|~~PFLP~~Red ~~Infobox Flag~~flag.svg}} [[Front Rakyat untuk Pembebasan Palestina]]<ref>{{cite web\|title=صادر عن كتائب الشهيد أبو علي مصطفى الجناح العسكري للجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين\|url=https://pflp.ps/post/23726/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-\|date=7 October 2023\|author=PFLP\|access-date=2023-10-07\|archive-date=2023-10-08\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008000112/https://pflp.ps/post/23726/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-\|dead-url=no}}</ref><br>{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg}} [[Front Demokratik untuk Pembebasan Palestina]]<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://alhourriah.org/article/125212 \|title=الحرية – بيان عسكري صادر عن كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) استشهاد ثلاثة من مقاتلينا داخل اراضينا المحتلة عام 48 \|access-date=7 October 2023 \|archive-date=7 October 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007111235/https://alhourriah.org/article/125212 \|url-status=live }}</ref><br>~~[[File:شعار عرين الاسود.png\|23px]]~~ [[Arin al-Usud\|Sarang Singa]]<ref name="roya">{{Cite news \|title=Qassam Brigades announces control of 'Erez Crossing' \|url=https://en.royanews.tv/news/44975/2023-10-07 \|work=Roya News \|date=7 October 2023 \|access-date=7 October 2023 \|archive-date=7 October 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007102147/https://en.royanews.tv/news/44975/2023-10-07 \|url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{Flagicon image\|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hizbullah (Lebanon)\|Hizbullah]]<ref name="auto3">{{cite news \|title=Israel Army Fires Artillery at Lebanon as Hezbollah Claims Attack\|url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/4591836-israel-army-fires-artillery-lebanon-hezbollah-claims-attack \|access-date=8 October 2023 \|work=[[Asharq Al-Awsat]] \|language=en \|archive-date=8 October 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008055038/https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/4591836-israel-army-fires-artillery-lebanon-hezbollah-claims-attack \|url-status=live}}</ref><br>{{flagicon\|Palestina}} [[Brigade Martir al-Aqsa]]{{br}}{{flagicon image\|Houthis Logo.png}} [[~~File:Ansarullah~~Hutsi\|Houthi]]{{br}}{{flagicon image\|Flag ~~Vector~~of the Amal Movement.svg~~\|22px]]~~}} [[~~Hutsi~~Gerakan Amal\|Amal]] \| combatant2 = '''{{flag\|Israel}}''' \| commander1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Ismail Haniyah]]<br>{{flagicon image\|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Yahya Sinwar]]<br>{{flagicon image\|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Mohammed Deif\|Mohammed Al-Daif]]<br/>{{flagicon image\|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Abu Obaida (Hamas)\|Abu Obaida]]<br/>{{flagicon image\|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Murad Abu Murad]]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg}} [[Ziyad al-Nakhalah]]<br>{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg}} [[Abu Hamzah (Jihad Islam Palestina)\|Abu Hamzah]]<br>{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg}} [[Nayef Hawatmeh]]<br>{{Flagicon image\|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hassan Nasrallah]] \| commander2 = {{flagdeco\|Israel}} [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br/>{{flagdeco\|Israel}} [[Isaac Herzog]]<br/>{{flagdeco\|Israel}} [[Yoav ~~Gallant~~Galant]]<br/>{{flagdeco\|Israel}} [[Herzi Halevi]]<br/>{{flagdeco\|Israel}} [[Kobi Shabtai]]{{br}}{{flagdeco\|Israel}} [[Ronen Bar]] \| strength1 =[[Brigade Izzuddin al-Qassam\|Brigade al-Qassam]]: 40.000<ref>{{Cite news \|date=13 October 2023 \|title=How Hamas secretly built a 'mini-army' to fight Israel \|work=[[Reuters]] \|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/how-hamas-secretly-built-mini-army-fight-israel-2023-10-13/ \|access-date=13 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-13 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013214141/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/how-hamas-secretly-built-mini-army-fight-israel-2023-10-13/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref><br />2.500 menyusup ke Israel{{efn\|Per Israel<ref name="strength1">{{Cite news \|date=13 October 2023 \|script-title=he:ההערכה: 2,500 מחבלי חמאס חדרו בשבת לישראל \|language=Hebrew \|trans-title=The estimate: 2,500 Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel on Saturday \|work=News 1 \|url=https://www.news1.co.il/Archive/001-D-475427-00.html \|access-date=13 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-13 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013183111/https://www.news1.co.il/Archive/001-D-475427-00.html \|dead-url=no }}</ref>}} \| strength2 =529.500 total kekuatan IDF{{efn\|Including 169,500 active personnel<ref>{{Cite book \|last=International Institute for Strategic Studies \|url=https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2021 \|title=The Military Balance 2021 \|date=25 February 2021 \|publisher=[[Routledge]] \|isbn=978-1-032-01227-8 \|location=[[London]] \|page=344 \|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies \|access-date=13 October 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121114152/https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2021 \|archive-date=21 January 2022 \|url-status=live}}</ref> and 360,000 reservists<ref>{{Cite news \|title=Israel's massive mobilization of 360,000 reservists upends lives \|work=[[The Washington Post]] \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/10/israel-military-draft-reservists/ \|access-date=13 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-30 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030031425/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/10/israel-military-draft-reservists/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref>}} \| casualties1 = '''Di Jalur Gaza :''':{{efn\|Per [[Hamas]]-run [[Gaza Health Ministry]]}} * 731.~~000+~~112 terbunuh{{efn\|Termasuk 15.524 anak-anak dan 13.000 perempuan<ref name="cas1">{{cite news \|title=محرقة غزة .. 3785 شهيدًا والاحتلال ينفذ إبادة جماعية اقرأ المزيد عبر المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام \|url=https://palinfo.com/news/2023/10/19/855534/ \|access-date=19 October 2023 \|publisher=The Palestinian Information Center \|date=19 October 2023 \|language=Arabic \|archive-date=2023-10-27 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027132237/https://palinfo.com/news/2023/10/19/855534/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref>}}<ref name="cas1tmp">{{cite news \|title=Gaza death toll surges to 3,859, over 13,500 injured \|url=https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/138452 \|access-date=19 October 2023 \|publisher=Palestine News & Info Agency \|date=19 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-26 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026224901/https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/138452 \|dead-url=no }}</ref> * 1354.~~500~~000+ terluka{{efn\|Termasuk 3.983 anak-anak dan 3.300 perempuan<ref name="cas1"/>}}<ref name="cas1tmp" /> * 8.000 hilang '''Di dalam Israel ~~(klaim Israel)~~:''':<!-- This is being highlighted and not placed in a note since it is claimed by the opposing side. --> * 1.000+ militan terbunuh<!-- Do not change this to 1,500. This was revised down to 1,000 by the IDF on 12 October. --><ref name="casclaim1">{{Cite news \|date=11 October 2023 \|title=Israel killed at least 1,000 Gaza infiltrators, reinforcing nationwide, military says \|work=[[Reuters]] \|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-killed-least-1000-gaza-infiltrators-reinforcing-nationwide-military-2023-10-11/ \|access-date=14 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-13 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013064421/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-killed-least-1000-gaza-infiltrators-reinforcing-nationwide-military-2023-10-11/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref> '''Tepi Barat :''':{{efn\|Per [[Ministry of Health, Palestine\|Palestinian Health Ministry]]}} * 81225 terbunuh<ref name="caswb">{{Cite news \|date=19 October 2023 \|title=12 شهيدا بمواجهات مع الاحتلال في طولكرم وجرحى بصفوف العدو اقرأ المزيد عبر المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام: \|language=Arabic \|publisher=The Palestinian Information Center \|url=https://palinfo.com/news/2023/10/19/855625/ \|access-date=19 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-25 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025135323/https://palinfo.com/news/2023/10/19/855625/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref> * ~~300~~2.469 terluka<ref name="caswb2">{{Cite news \|date=13 October 2023 \|title=51 shhydan mundh alsabt .. 14 shahidan birasas alaihtilal fi aldifat walqudsaqra almazid eabr almarkaz alfilastinii lil'iielam \|script-title=ar:51 شهيدًا منذ السبت .. 14 شهيدا برصاص الاحتلال في الضفة والقدساقرأ المزيد عبر المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام \|language=ar \|trans-title=51 martyrs since Saturday... 14 martyrs shot by the occupation in the West Bank and Jerusalem. Read more via the Palestinian Information Center \|page=Arabic \|work=Palestine News & Info Agency \|url=https://palinfo.com/news/2023/10/13/854160/ \|access-date=13 October 2023}}</ref> '''Lebanon :''':{{efn\|Per Hezbollah, Israel and Lebanon}} * ~~27–29~~146 terbunuh{{efn\|Including: * 11–13 pasukan Hezbollah ~~fighters~~<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Bassam \|first=Laila \|last2=Gebeily \|first2=Maya \|last3=Azhari \|first3=Timour \|date=9 October 2023 \|title=Israel kills three Lebanon militants; Israeli officer killed in raid \|work=[[Reuters]] \|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-its-troops-killed-gunmen-who-infiltrated-lebanon-2023-10-09/ \|access-date=2023-10-20 \|archive-date=2023-10-09 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009135215/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-its-troops-killed-gunmen-who-infiltrated-lebanon-2023-10-09/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=14 October 2023 \|title=Lebanon's Hezbollah Says Fighter Killed By Israel Fire \|work=Barron's \|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/lebanon-s-hezbollah-says-fighter-killed-by-israel-fire-5f4c060b \|access-date=14 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-15 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015200254/https://www.barrons.com/news/lebanon-s-hezbollah-says-fighter-killed-by-israel-fire-5f4c060b \|dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=17 October 2023 \|title=Lebanon-Israel border clashes escalate, 5 Hezbollah fighters killed \|work=[[Reuters]] \|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-killed-four-people-who-tried-infiltrate-lebanon-plant-2023-10-17/ \|access-date=17 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017164644/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-killed-four-people-who-tried-infiltrate-lebanon-plant-2023-10-17/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Fabian \|first=Emanuel \|date=18 October 2023 \|title=Hezbollah announces deaths of 2 more members apparently killed in IDF counter-strikes \|publisher=The Times of Israel \|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hezbollah-announces-deaths-of-2-more-members-apparently-killed-in-idf-counter-strikes/ \|access-date=18 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-19 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019152621/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hezbollah-announces-deaths-of-2-more-members-apparently-killed-in-idf-counter-strikes/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref> * 4 militan tak dikenal<ref>{{Cite news \|date=17 October 2023 \|title=Israeli army says killed four people trying to infiltrate from Lebanon \|work=Reuters \|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-killed-four-people-who-tried-infiltrate-lebanon-plant-2023-10-17/ \|access-date=17 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017164644/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-killed-four-people-who-tried-infiltrate-lebanon-plant-2023-10-17/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref> * 3 militan Hamas<ref>{{Cite news \|title=Hamas says 3 members who infiltrated Israel from Lebanon were killed in IAF strike \|work=[[Times of Israel]] \|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hamas-says-3-members-who-infiltrated-israel-from-lebanon-were-killed-in-iaf-strike/ \|access-date=2023-10-20 \|archive-date=2023-10-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014234939/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hamas-says-3-members-who-infiltrated-israel-from-lebanon-were-killed-in-iaf-strike/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref> * 2 militan Jihad Islam Palestina<ref>{{Cite news \|date=11 October 2023 \|title=Israeli soldiers and militants killed in confrontation on Lebanon frontier \|work=[[BBC News]] \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67065338 \|access-date=14 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014235954/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67065338 \|dead-url=no }}</ref> * 7 warga sipil<ref>{{Cite news \|date=14 October 2023 \|title=Two Civilians Killed In Israel Shelling Of Lebanon: Mayor \|work=Barron's \|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/two-civilians-killed-in-israel-shelling-of-lebanon-mayor-d8985f85 \|access-date=14 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014201335/https://www.barrons.com/news/two-civilians-killed-in-israel-shelling-of-lebanon-mayor-d8985f85 \|dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=14 October 2023 \|title=Reuters journalist killed in Lebanon in missile fire from direction of Israel \|work=[[Reuters]] \|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/reuters-videographer-killed-southern-lebanon-2023-10-13/ \|access-date=14 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017205418/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/reuters-videographer-killed-southern-lebanon-2023-10-13/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=17 October 2023 \|title=At least four killed in Lebanon near Israel border, Red Cross says \|work=EFE \|url=https://efe.com/en/latest-news/2023-10-17/at-least-four-killed-in-lebanon-near-israel-border-red-cross-says/ \|access-date=17 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018003609/https://efe.com/en/latest-news/2023-10-17/at-least-four-killed-in-lebanon-near-israel-border-red-cross-says/ \|dead-url=no }}</ref>}}{{br}} 29.000 orang mengungsi '''Suriah :''' 52 terbunuh{{br}} '''Mesir :''' 7 penjaga perbatasan terluka 6 warga sipil terluka \| casualties2 = {{pb}}<!-- This {{pb}} is placed to avoid long dashes, do not remove it. --> '''Israel :''': * 1.~~412+~~441 terbunuh{{efn\|Including: * setidaknya 854 warga sipil,<ref>{{cite news\|title=IDF: 361 out of 854 bodies of civilians brought to rabbinate are identified, along with 222 soldiers\|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-361-out-of-854-bodies-of-civilians-brought-to-rabbinate-are-identified-along-with-222-soldiers/\|access-date=12 October 2023\|work=[[The Times of Israel]]\|date=12 October 2023\|archive-date=2023-10-12\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012175750/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-361-out-of-854-bodies-of-civilians-brought-to-rabbinate-are-identified-along-with-222-soldiers/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> 306 IDF soldiers, 58 police officers and 10 Shin Bet members,<ref name="shinbet" /> among them 208 foreign or dual-nationals (for a full list [[2023 Israel–Hamas war#Foreign and dual-national casualties\|see here]])}}<ref name="cas2">{{Cite news \|date=15 October 2023 \|title=Over 1,400 Killed In Hamas Attacks On Israel: PM Office \|work=Barron's \|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/over-1-400-killed-in-hamas-attacks-on-israel-pm-office-787d2b0f?refsec=topics_afp-news \|access-date=15 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-16 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016025314/https://www.barrons.com/news/over-1-400-killed-in-hamas-attacks-on-israel-pm-office-787d2b0f?refsec=topics_afp-news \|dead-url=no }}</ref> * (884 Warga Sipil, 557 Tentara) * 48.~~629~~787 terluka<ref name="cas2,2">{{Cite news \|date=19 October 2023 \|title=משרד הבריאות: 309 פצועים מאושפזים בבתי החולים, בהם 80 במצב קשה \|language=Hebrew \|publisher=Ynet \|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/syeuws0116 \|access-date=19 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-26 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026105732/https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/syeuws0116 \|dead-url=no }}</ref> * ~~203~~239 ditangkap atau diculik{{efn\|Including at least 120 civilians,<ref>{{Cite news \|date=14 October 2023 \|title=Bodies of several Israelis retrieved in Gaza raids - IDF \|work=[[The Guardian]] \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/oct/14/israel-hamas-war-live-un-says-tens-of-thousands-have-fled-south-in-gaza-israel-strikes-hezbollah-target-in-lebanon-says-idf?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-652a18b18f081db094840ef0#block-652a18b18f081db094840ef0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 October 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014123101/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/oct/14/israel-hamas-war-live-un-says-tens-of-thousands-have-fled-south-in-gaza-israel-strikes-hezbollah-target-in-lebanon-says-idf?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-652a0cdb8f080e3e7b6d755c \|archive-date=14 October 2023 \|quote=Israel's military said earlier this morning that it has confirmed that more than 120 civilians are being held hostage in Gaza by Hamas.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=14 October 2023 \|title=A Week Into War, Gazans Flee Homes As Israeli Ground Offensive Looms \|work=Barron's \|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] \|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/one-week-into-war-thousands-on-the-run-in-gaza-fearing-israel-ground-offensive-1dd6953c?refsec=topics_afp-news \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 October 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014122741/https://www.barrons.com/news/one-week-into-war-thousands-on-the-run-in-gaza-fearing-israel-ground-offensive-1dd6953c?refsec=topics_afp-news \|archive-date=14 October 2023 \|quote=Israel's army has confirmed contacting the families of 120 civilian hostages so far.}}</ref> 17 Nepalis,<ref name="nepal">{{Cite news \|date=7 October 2023 \|title=At least 7 Nepali injured, 17 held captive by Hamas in Israel \|work=[[India Today]] \|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/international/story/at-least-7-nepali-injured-17-held-captive-by-hamas-in-israel-690676-2023-10-07 \|url-status=live \|access-date=7 October 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007122157/https://www.indiatodayne.in/international/story/at-least-7-nepali-injured-17-held-captive-by-hamas-in-israel-690676-2023-10-07 \|archive-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> 11 Thais<ref name="bkpost">{{Cite news \|title=2 Thais killed, 8 injured, 11 kidnapped in Hamas attack on Israel \|language=en \|work=Bangkok Post \|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2659873 \|url-status=live \|access-date=8 October 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009001424/https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2659873 \|archive-date=9 October 2023}}</ref> and 2 Mexicans<ref>{{Cite news \|title=Two Mexican citizens believed to be held captive in Gaza \|work=[[The Times of Israel]] \|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/two-mexican-citizens-believed-to-be-held-captive-in-gaza/ \|url-status=live \|access-date=8 October 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009001618/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/two-mexican-citizens-believed-to-be-held-captive-in-gaza/ \|archive-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>}}<ref name="cas2,3">{{Cite news \|date=19 October 2023 \|title=דובר צה"ל מעדכן: ידוע על 203 חטופים בעזה \|language=Hebrew \|publisher=Ynet \|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/r1sgtirbp \|access-date=19 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-29 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029002423/https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/r1sgtirbp \|dead-url=no }}</ref> * ~~100–200~~28 hilang<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-19/ty-article/.premium/israel-believes-some-of-those-missing-after-hamas-attack-will-not-be-found/0000018b-4942-d5d2-afef-cdff5b7f0000\|title=Israel Believes Some of Those Missing After Hamas' Attack Will Not Be Found\|work=Haaretz\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-20\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020001636/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-19/ty-article/.premium/israel-believes-some-of-those-missing-after-hamas-attack-will-not-be-found/0000018b-4942-d5d2-afef-cdff5b7f0000\|dead-url=no}}</ref> \| casualties3 =1.000.000 warga Palestina mengungsi di Gaza{{efn\|Per the UN<ref name="displaced1">{{Cite news \|date=15 October 2023 \|title=Gaza's desperate civilians flee or huddle in hopes of safety, as warnings of Israeli offensive mount \|work=[[AP News]] \|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-war-785e0eb833715354cade4694e8ccbf67 \|access-date=15 October 2023 \|quote=...Juliette Touma, a spokesperson for the U.N. agency for Palestinian refugees. An estimated 1 million people have been displaced in Gaza in one week, she said. \|archive-date=2023-10-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014235855/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-war-785e0eb833715354cade4694e8ccbf67 \|dead-url=no }}</ref>}}<br>▼ * 1.000 Kendaraan Militer Hancur ▲\| casualties3 =1.~~000~~700.000 warga Palestina mengungsi di Gaza{{efn\|Per the UN<ref name="displaced1">{{Cite news \|date=15 October 2023 \|title=Gaza's desperate civilians flee or huddle in hopes of safety, as warnings of Israeli offensive mount \|work=[[AP News]] \|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-war-785e0eb833715354cade4694e8ccbf67 \|access-date=15 October 2023 \|quote=...Juliette Touma, a spokesperson for the U.N. agency for Palestinian refugees. An estimated 1 million people have been displaced in Gaza in one week, she said. \|archive-date=2023-10-14 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014235855/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-war-785e0eb833715354cade4694e8ccbf67 \|dead-url=no }}</ref>}}<br> 500.000 warga Israel mengungsi<ref>{{Cite news \|date=18 October 2023 \|title=Approximately 500,000 people displaced in Israel \|publisher=i24 News \|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel-at-war/1697526771-around-half-a-million-people-displaced-in-israel \|access-date=18 October 2023 \|archive-date=2023-10-21 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021165830/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel-at-war/1697526771-around-half-a-million-people-displaced-in-israel \|dead-url=no }}</ref> \| units1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Brigade Izzuddin al-Qassam\|Brigade al-Qassam]]<ref name="roya" /><br/>{{flagicon image\|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Nukhba (Hamas)\|Nukhba]]<br>{{flagicon image\|Flag_of_the_Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestine.svg}} [[Brigade al-Quds]]<br/>{{flagicon image\|PFLP_Infobox_Flag.svg}} [[Brigade Abu Ali Mustafa]]<br/>{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg}} Brigade Perlawanan Nasional<br>{{Flagicon image\|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Kekuatan bersenjata Hizbullah\|Sayap paramiliter Hizbullah]] \| units2 = {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg}} [[Pasukan Pertahanan Israel]]<br/>{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Israel Police.svg}} [[Polisi Israel\|Kepolisian Israel]]<br>{{flagicon\|Israel}} [[Shin Bet]]<br>{{flagicon\|Israel}} ~~Partisan Israel~~[[Mossad]] \| status = Sedang berlangsung {{bulletedlist\|Militan Palestina menerobos [[Penghalang Gaza-Israel\|perbatasan Gaza-Israel]] dan menyerang Israel selatan pada 7 Oktober\|Israel membalas dengan serangan udara dan memulai blokade total terhadap Gaza pada tanggal 9 Oktober\|Israel memerintahkan warga Palestina untuk mengungsi dari Gaza utara, termasuk [[Gaza\|Kota Gaza]], pada 13 Oktober\|Israel melancarkan invasi darat ke Gaza utara pada 27 Oktober\|Israel mulai mengepung Kota Gaza\|Israel dan Hamas menerapkan [[gencatan senjata Israel–Hamas 2023\|perjanjian gencatan senjata empat hari]] (kemudian diperpanjang menjadi tujuh hari) pada tanggal 24–30 November}} ~~\| status = ''Sedang berlangsung''~~ * Militan Palestina menerobos tembok [[penghalang Gaza-Israel]] dan menyerang [[Distrik Selatan, Israel\|Distrik Selatan]] Israel * 200+ warga Israel dan asing [[Penculikan selama perang Israel-Hamas 2023\|disandera]] oleh militan Palestina * Militer Israel melancarkan serangan udara di [[Jalur Gaza]] dan memberlakukan [[Blokade Israel di Jalur Gaza Oktober 2023\|blokade total]] * Israel memerintahkan [[Evakuasi Jalur Gaza bagian utara\|evakuasi Gaza utara]] termasuk [[Gaza\|Kota Gaza]] \| campaignbox = {{kotak kampanye konflik Gaza–Israel}} }} Pada tanggal 7 Oktober 2023, [[Kekerasan politik Palestina\|kelompok militan Palestina]] yang dipimpin oleh [[Hamas]] melancarkan [[invasi]] dan serangan besar-besaran terhadap [[Israel]] dari [[Jalur Gaza]], menerobos [[Penghalang Gaza-Israel\|tembok pembatas Gaza-Israel]] dan memaksa masuk melalui penyeberangan perbatasan Gaza, ke pemukiman terdekat dan [[Pangkalan militer\|instalasi militer]] Israel. Hamas menamainya sebagai '''Operasi Banjir Al-Aqsa''' ([[bahasa Inggris]]: ''Operation Al-Aqsa Flood''). Ini adalah konflik langsung pertama di wilayah Israel sejak [[Perang Arab-Israel 1948\|Perang Arab-Israel tahun 1948]].<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Beauchamp\|first=Zack\|date=2023-10-07\|title=Why did Hamas invade Israel?\|url=https://www.vox.com/2023/10/7/23907323/israel-war-hamas-attack-explained-southern-israel-gaza\|website=Vox\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-10\|archive-date=2023-10-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007185123/https://www.vox.com/2023/10/7/23907323/israel-war-hamas-attack-explained-southern-israel-gaza\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Erlanger\|first=Steven\|date=2023-10-07\|title=An Attack From Gaza and an Israeli Declaration of War. Now What?\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/07/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-war-hamas-palestinians.html\|newspaper=The New York Times\|language=en-US\|issn=0362-4331\|access-date=2023-10-10\|archive-date=2023-10-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007195542/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/07/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-war-hamas-palestinians.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Permusuhan dimulai pada pagi hari dengan [[Serangan roket Palestina ke Israel\|serangan roket terhadap Israel]] dan masuknya kendaraan ke wilayah Israel, dengan beberapa serangan terhadap warga sipil Israel di sekitar dan pangkalan militer Israel.{{Butuh rujukan}} Beberapa pengamat menyebut peristiwa ini sebagai awal '''[[Intifadah]] Palestina yang ketiga.'''.{{Butuh rujukan}} Untuk pertama kalinya sejak [[Perang Yom Kippur]] tahun 1973, yang terjadi hampir tepat lima puluh tahun sebelum serangan tahun 2023, Israel secara resmi mendeklarasikan perang.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-08\|title=Israel declares war, bombards Gaza and battles to dislodge Hamas fighters after surprise attack\|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71\|website=AP News\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-10\|archive-date=2023-10-08\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008051308/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Operasi yang diluncurkan Israel sebagai aksi balasan dinamai sebagai '''Operasi Pedang Besi''' ([[bahasa Inggris]]: ''Operation Swords of Iron'') oleh [[Pasukan Pertahanan Israel\|IDF]].<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-07\|title=IDF strikes Hamas as operation 'Iron Swords' commences\|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-762075\|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2023-10-10\|archive-date=2023-10-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007220630/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-762075\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Baris 59 ⟶ 66: Israel membalas invasi tersebut dengan membombardir bangunan-bangunan strategis dan sasaran militer, dengan 20 laporan kasus penembakan terhadap infrastruktur sipil, termasuk bangunan tempat tinggal, masjid, rumah sakit, dan bank. [[Kementerian Kesehatan Palestina]] yang dipimpin oleh Hamas di Gaza melaporkan bahwa Israel telah membunuh sedikitnya 500 warga Palestina dalam baku tembak dan serangan udara di Gaza dan Israel, termasuk warga sipil, 78 anak-anak, dan 41 wanita; sementara Pasukan Pertahanan Israel (IDF) menyatakan pihaknya membunuh "lebih dari 400 teroris".<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Kingsley\|first=Patrick\|last2=Kershner\|first2=Isabel\|date=2023-10-07\|title=Israel-Gaza Conflict: Air-Raid Sirens in Israel Warn of Continued Strikes on Sunday\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/10/07/world/israel-gaza-attack\|newspaper=The New York Times\|language=en-US\|issn=0362-4331\|access-date=2023-10-10\|archive-date=2023-10-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007075901/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/10/07/world/israel-gaza-attack\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-08\|title=Hamas launches surprise land, air and sea attack on Israel\|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/israel-says-palestinian-militants-are-infiltrating-gaza-rcna119315\|website=NBC News\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-10\|archive-date=2023-10-08\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008035129/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/israel-says-palestinian-militants-are-infiltrating-gaza-rcna119315\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Bureau\|first=The Hindu\|date=2023-10-08\|title=Israel-Palestine conflict October 8 updates {{!}} Israel declares war and approves ‘significant’ steps to retaliate for surprise attack by Hamas\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/israel-palestine-hamas-gaza-conflict-october-8-2023-live-updates/article67395219.ece\|newspaper=The Hindu\|language=en-IN\|issn=0971-751X\|access-date=2023-10-10\|archive-date=2023-10-08\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008085932/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/israel-palestine-hamas-gaza-conflict-october-8-2023-live-updates/article67395219.ece\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=Israel-Palestine war: 'We are fighting human animals', Israeli defence minister says\|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-war-fighting-human-animals-defence-minister\|website=Middle East Eye\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-10\|archive-date=2023-10-09\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009170222/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-war-fighting-human-animals-defence-minister\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Oct 7\|first=Lauren Edmonds\|last2=2023\|title=Doctors Without Borders criticizes Israeli forces for hospital attack\|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/doctors-without-borders-hospitals-ambulances-targets-israel-hamas-gaza-2023-10\|website=Business Insider\|language=en-US\|access-date=2023-10-10\|last3=Et\|first3=2:05 Pm\|archive-date=2023-10-08\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008044430/https://www.businessinsider.com/doctors-without-borders-hospitals-ambulances-targets-israel-hamas-gaza-2023-10\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Selama operasi darat IDF di Gaza, IDF merilis video yang menunjukkan puluhan peluncur roket di halaman masjid dan di sebuah kamp pramuka untuk anak-anak. IDF juga mengklaim bahwa ada terowongan Hamas di bawah rumah sakit, yang menurut mereka digunakan untuk mencegah Israel mengebomnya, dengan menggunakan orang-orang Palestina yang tidak bersalah sebagai perisai manusia.<ref>{{Citation \| year=2023 \| title=Dozens of Hamas rockets found inside youth center, mosque \| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107000744/https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/379831 \| access-date=6 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation \| year=2023 \| title=Israel says it exposed Hamas network beneath and next to Gaza’s hospitals \| url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/11/05/Israel-says-it-exposed-Hamas-network-beneath-and-next-to-Gaza-s-hospitals \| access-date=6 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation \| year=2023 \| title=Israel publishes ‘proof’ Hamas is hiding terror tunnels under hospital \| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106183048/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/05/israel-hamas-concealing-terror-tunnels-hospital/ \| access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation \| year=2023 \| title=Israel claims it has 'proof' of Hamas hideouts under hospitals in Gaza \| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106120041/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1831913/israel-hamas-gaza-hospitals-video \| access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation \| year=2023 \| title=Hamas Hid Rocket Launchers Aimed at Israel Inside Boy Scout Building Where Kids Play: IDF \| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107004025/https://themessenger.com/news/hamas-rocket-launchers-hidden-inside-boy-scouts-gaza-israel-children-play \| access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref> [[Berkas:Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 32.jpg\|jmpl\|225px\|Kerusakan di El-Remal, [[Gaza]] akibat serangan udara Israel pada 9 Oktober 2023]] [[Berkas:Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 39.jpg\|jmpl\|225px\|Petugas medis membawa seorang anak ~~Palestian~~Palestina yang terluka ke Al-Shifa hospital in Gaza City, menyusul serangan udara Israel pada 11 Oktober 2023.]] == Etimologi == Baris 70 ⟶ 79: === Oleh Palestina === ==== Pembantaian, penyanderaan, dan tuduhan genosida ==== {{Further information\|Pembantaian festival musik Re'im\|Pembantaian Netiv HaAsara\|Pembantaian Be'eri\|Pembantaian Kfar Aza\|Pembantaian Nahal Oz\|Pembantaian Nir Oz\|Pembantaian Holit}}Pada serangan awal mereka, militan-militan Palestina menargetkan warga sipil, menembaki mobil-mobil warga sipil saat mereka sedang berkendara,<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Kingsley\|first=Patrick\|last2=Bergman\|first2=Ronen\|date=2023-10-13\|title=The Secrets Hamas Knew About Israel’s Military\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/13/world/middleeast/hamas-israel-attack-gaza.html\|newspaper=The New York Times\|language=en-US\|issn=0362-4331\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014235033/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/13/world/middleeast/hamas-israel-attack-gaza.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan kemudian setelah mencapai target, mereka melakukan [[Daftar pembantaian selama perang Israel-Hamas tahun 2023\|pembantaian]]; di [[Pembantaian festival musik Re'im\|festival musik Re'im]] mereka membunuh lebih dari 260 warga sipil, sementara di [[Pembantaian Be'eri\|Be'eri]] dan [[Pembantaian Kfar Aza\|Kfar Aza]] mereka masing-masing membunuh sedikitnya 112 dan 73 orang. Korbannya termasuk bayi dan anak-anak, dan banyak dari mereka yang [[Eksekusi pembakaran\|dibakar]], [[Eksekusi pemotongan\|dipotong-potong]], dan [[Pemancungan\|dipenggal]]. Laporan mengenai bayi yang dipenggal kepalanya belum dapat dikonfirmasi secara independen.<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Srivastava\|first=Mehul\|last2=Clark\|first2=Dan\|last3=Williams\|first3=Justine\|last4=Joiner\|first4=Sam\|last5=Andringa\|first5=Peter\|last6=Campbell\|first6=Chris\|last7=Hemingway\|first7=Eade\|last8=Zilber\|first8=Neri\|last9=Reed\|first9=John\|date=2023-10-13\|title=Seventeen hours of terror: how Hamas invaded one Israeli community\|url=https://www.ft.com/content/209de510-e4d7-44c1-8bb1-b086af6a1f8a\|newspaper=Financial Times\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-13\|archive-url=https://archive.phtoday/20231013183640/https://www.ft.com/content/209de510-e4d7-44c1-8bb1-b086af6a1f8a\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-07\|title=עדויות תושבי העוטף ממתקפת הפתע על ישראל: "טובחים כאן בתינוקות" {{!}} ישראל היום\|url=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/local/article/14679668\|website=www.israelhayom.co.il\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-09\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009173239/https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/local/article/14679668\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-11\|title=Israel kibbutz the scene of a Hamas "massacre," first responders say: "The depravity of it is haunting" - CBS News\|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-babies-killed-hamas-terror-attack-kibbutz-kfar-aza-first-responders-say/\|website=www.cbsnews.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-11\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011133214/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-babies-killed-hamas-terror-attack-kibbutz-kfar-aza-first-responders-say/\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-12\|title=Photos of babies being burnt, decapitated confirmed\|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-767951\|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-13\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013045824/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-767951\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Video-video yang dirilis di media sosial (terutama oleh Hamas) mendokumentasikan penyiksaan, kekerasan seksual, kekerasan terhadap anak-anak, dan penganiayaan terhadap tubuh korban.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web\|last=Winer\|first=Stuart\|title=Hamas actions are war crimes, could constitute genocide – international law experts\|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-actions-are-war-crimes-could-constitute-genocide-international-law-experts/\|website=www.timesofisrael.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-15\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015112831/https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-actions-are-war-crimes-could-constitute-genocide-international-law-experts/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Berdasarkan hukum internasional, hal ini termasuk kejahatan perang dan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan;<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-12\|title=International Criminal Law Analysis of the Situation in Israel\|url=https://opiniojuris.org/2023/10/12/international-criminal-law-analysis-of-the-situation-in-israel/\|website=Opinio Juris\|language=en-US\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-22\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022010014/https://opiniojuris.org/2023/10/12/international-criminal-law-analysis-of-the-situation-in-israel/\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Sharon\|first=Jeremy\|title=Footage of Hamas assault on civilians shows likely war crimes, experts say\|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/footage-of-hamas-assault-on-civilians-shows-likely-war-crimes-experts-say/\|website=www.timesofisrael.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-08\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008204916/https://www.timesofisrael.com/footage-of-hamas-assault-on-civilians-shows-likely-war-crimes-experts-say/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Konvensi Jenewa]] menggambarkan penyanderaan sebagai "pelanggaran berat". Selain itu, menurut 100 lebih pakar internasional, karena tindakan ini tampaknya dilakukan dengan "niat untuk menghancurkan, secara keseluruhan atau sebagian" sebuah kelompok nasional yang sejalan dengan tujuan eksplisit Hamas, tindakan ini "sangat mungkin" dianggap sama dengan genosida.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite news\|title=Deadly Hamas Rampage Constitutes 'International Crime of Genocide,' Hundreds of Legal Experts Say\|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-16/ty-article/hamas-deadly-rampage-constitutes-crime-of-genocide-hundreds-of-legal-experts-say/0000018b-37d1-d450-a3af-7fddda070000\|newspaper=Haaretz\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-16\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016123615/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-16/ty-article/hamas-deadly-rampage-constitutes-crime-of-genocide-hundreds-of-legal-experts-say/0000018b-37d1-d450-a3af-7fddda070000\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Ketika para militan mundur, mereka menculik sekitar 150 orang, sebagian besar warga sipil, untuk dijadikan sandera; orang-orang bersenjata kemudian terlihat mengarak setengah telanjang seorang sandera di jalan-jalan Gaza dalam gambar yang digambarkan oleh [[Amnesty International]] sebagai "adegan dari mimpi buruk".<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-09\|title=Images of the Mass Kidnapping of Israelis by Hamas\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2023/10/kidnappings-israel-hamas-photographs/675593/\|website=The Atlantic\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-10\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010012057/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2023/10/kidnappings-israel-hamas-photographs/675593/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Penyanderaan dilarang oleh hukum internasional dan merupakan kejahatan perang; [[Human Rights Watch]] menggambarkannya sebagai kejahatan keji yang tidak memiliki justifikasi.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-15\|title=Rules of war: international law and the Israel-Hamas conflict\|url=https://www.afr.com/world/middle-east/rules-of-war-international-law-and-the-israel-hamas-conflict-20231015-p5ecef\|website=Australian Financial Review\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-15\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015043121/https://www.afr.com/world/middle-east/rules-of-war-international-law-and-the-israel-hamas-conflict-20231015-p5ecef\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-12\|title=Israel: Palestinian armed groups must be held accountable for deliberate civilian killings, abductions and indiscriminate attacks\|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/israel-palestinian-armed-groups-must-be-held-accountable-for-deliberate-civilian-killings-abductions-and-indiscriminate-attacks/\|website=Amnesty International\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-22\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022010015/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/israel-palestinian-armed-groups-must-be-held-accountable-for-deliberate-civilian-killings-abductions-and-indiscriminate-attacks/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Baris 102 ⟶ 111: ==== Netralitas medis ==== Israel ~~dituduh~~ telah melanggar [[netralitas medis]], sebuah kejahatan perang berdasarkan [[Konvensi Jenewa]].<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-19\|title=Hundreds of Palestinians killed in Israeli airstrike on Gaza hospital: Day 11 of the Hamas-Israel war - L'Orient Today\|url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1353474/biden-to-visit-israel-wednesday-iran-threatens-possible-pre-emptive-action-day-11-of-the-israel-hamas-war.html\|website=web.archive.org\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-19\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019201203/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1353474/biden-to-visit-israel-wednesday-iran-threatens-possible-pre-emptive-action-day-11-of-the-israel-hamas-war.html\|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Menurut para pejabat Gaza, IDF sengaja menargetkan ambulans dan fasilitas kesehatan dengan serangan udara.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Ambulances hit during Israeli air attack in Gaza\|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2023/10/14/ambulances-hit-during-israeli-air-attack-in-gazavideo-shows-the-moment-a-co\|website=www.aljazeera.com\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014184414/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2023/10/14/ambulances-hit-during-israeli-air-attack-in-gazavideo-shows-the-moment-a-co\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Marsi\|first=Federica\|title=Gaza medics say Israel targeting ambulances, health facilities\|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities\|website=www.aljazeera.com\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-22\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022010523/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities\|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Federasi Internasional Perhimpunan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah]], [[Agensi Pekerjaan dan Pemulihan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Pengungsi Palestina di Timur Dekat\|UNRWA]], dan [[Dokter Lintas Batas\|Medecins Sans Frontieres]] melaporkan kematian personel medis mereka.<ref>{{Cite news\|date=2023-10-11\|title=Eleven workers with UN refugee agency, five IFRC members killed in Gaza\|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/nine-staffers-working-with-un-palestinian-refugee-agency-killed-air-strikes-gaza-2023-10-11/\|newspaper=Reuters\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-11\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011182301/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/nine-staffers-working-with-un-palestinian-refugee-agency-killed-air-strikes-gaza-2023-10-11/\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Marsi\|first=Federica\|title=Gaza medics say Israel targeting ambulances, health facilities\|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities\|website=www.aljazeera.com\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-22\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022010523/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/12/war-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada tanggal 14 Oktober, [[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] mengatakan pembunuhan terhadap pekerja layanan kesehatan dan penghancuran fasilitas kesehatan "menghilangkan hak asasi warga sipil atas kesehatan yang menyelamatkan nyawa" dan dilarang oleh Hukum Humaniter Internasional.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Administrator\|title=Evacuation orders by Israel to hospitals in northern Gaza are a death sentence for the sick and injured\|url=http://www.emro.who.int/media/news/evacuation-orders-by-israel-to-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-are-a-death-sentence-for-the-sick-and-injured.html\|website=World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean\|language=en-gb\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-11-01\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101184846/https://www.emro.who.int/media/news/evacuation-orders-by-israel-to-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-are-a-death-sentence-for-the-sick-and-injured.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-10-14\|title=Gaza: Forcing patients to flee hospitals a ‘death sentence’ warns WHO {{!}} UN News\|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/10/1142347\|website=news.un.org\|language=en\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017075513/https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/10/1142347\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada 17 Oktober, Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia menyatakan 51 fasilitas kesehatan di Gaza telah diserang oleh Israel.<ref>{{Cite news\|date=2023-10-18\|title=In Gaza's deadliest day, hospital strike kills about 500\|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/in-gazas-deadliest-day-hospital-strike-kills-about-500/articleshow/104506456.cms\|newspaper=The Economic Times\|issn=0013-0389\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-18\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018133423/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/in-gazas-deadliest-day-hospital-strike-kills-about-500/articleshow/104506456.cms\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=After Gaza hospital bombing kills hundreds, Israel and Hamas blame each other: Updates\|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2023/10/17/israel-hamas-war-live-updates/71212615007/\|website=USA TODAY\|language=en-US\|access-date=2023-10-20\|archive-date=2023-10-20\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020005136/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2023/10/17/israel-hamas-war-live-updates/71212615007/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> ==== Fosfor putih ==== Baris 175 ⟶ 184: == Perkembangan == ~~[[Berkas:Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 49.jpg\|al=Kerusakan di Gaza akibat setelah serangan udara Israel.\|jmpl\|220x220px\|Kerusakan di Gaza akibat setelah serangan udara Israel.]]~~ === Oktober 2023 === Baris 203 ⟶ 211: === November 2023 === Pada Rabu, 1 ~~September 2023~~November, militer Israel kembali melancarkan serangan udara terhadap kamp pengungsian terbesar di Gaza, Jabalia, untuk kedua kalinya dalam dua hari berturut-turut di mana pada sehari sebelumnya, pesawat jet Israel menyerang kamp tersebut dan menewaskan lebih dari 50 orang. Israel menyebut pihaknya berhasil seorang komandan Hamas dalam serangan pada Selasa tersebut. Menurut [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]], terdapat kira-kira 116.000 pengungsi yang terdaftar di kamp tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-11-1\|title=Israel targets Gaza’s Jabalia refugee camp for second time\|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2023/11/1/photos-dozens-killed-in-another-strike-on-jabalia-refugee-camp-in-gaza\|website=Al Jazeera\|language=en\|access-date=3 November 2023\|archive-date=2023-11-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102173604/https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2023/11/1/photos-dozens-killed-in-another-strike-on-jabalia-refugee-camp-in-gaza\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Menurut pemberitaan pada 2 November, pejabat Gaza menyebut 195 orang tewas dan 120 orang hilang dalam pengeboman Israel terhadap kamp pengungsian Jabalia, di mana PBB mengatakan bahwa pengeboman tersebut dapat dianggap sebagai kejahatan perang.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web\|last=Mohamed\|first=Mersiha Gadzo,Virginia Pietromarchi,Edna\|date=2023-11-2\|title=Israeli bombardment intensifies as Gaza death toll crosses 9,000\|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/2/israel-hamas-war-live-195-killed-120-missing-in-jabalia-strikes\|website=Al Jazeera\|language=en\|access-date=2 November 2023\|archive-date=2023-11-03\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103000655/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/2/israel-hamas-war-live-195-killed-120-missing-in-jabalia-strikes\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Sementara itu, Rumah Sakit Persahabatan Turki-Palestina sebagai satu-satunya fasilitas medis di Gaza yang melayani pasien kanker terpaksa ditutup karena kehabisan bahan bakar, sedangkan [[Rumah Sakit Indonesia (Gaza)\|Rumah Sakit Indonesia]] di Gaza menggunakan generator cadangan. Selain itu, sejauh ini terdapat setidaknya 9.061 warga Palestina tewas dalam serangan Israel di Gaza sejak 7 Oktober. Di sisi lain, terdapat 1.400 orang tewas di Israel.<ref name=":10" /> Baris 210 ⟶ 218: ==== Pengepungan Gaza ==== Di hari yang sama, 2 November 2023, militer Israel mengungkapkan pasukan Israel telah mengepung [[Gaza]], kota utama di [[Jalur Gaza]], dalam serangan mereka terhadap Hamas. Akan tetapi, Hamas berupaya melawan dengan melakukan serangan ''hit-and-run'' dari terowongan-terowongan bawah tanah.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news\|last=Al-Mughrabi\|first=Nidal\|last2=Williams\|first2=Dan\|last3=Al-Mughrabi\|first3=Nidal\|date=2023-11-02\|title=Israel says it has encircled Gaza City\|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-says-israels-strikes-refugee-camp-kill-more-than-195-people-2023-11-02/\|newspaper=Reuters\|language=en\|access-date=3 November 2023\|archive-date=2023-11-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102130816/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-says-israels-strikes-refugee-camp-kill-more-than-195-people-2023-11-02/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Di tengah ledakan-ledakan besar di Gaza, juru bicara militer Israel Daniel Hagari berujar pada wartawan bahwa para prajurit negaranya telah mengepung Kota Gaza yang merupakan titik penting Hamas. Sementara itu, Brigjen Iddo Mizrahi selaku kepala insinyur militer Israel mengatakan pasukannya menghadapi banyak ranjau dan jebakan. Ia menilai Hamas telah belajar dan mempersiapkan diri dengan matang.<ref name=":12" /> Di lain pihak, Abu Ubaida selaku juru bicara sayap bersenjata Hamas berujar dalam pidato di televisi bahwa jumlah korban tewas Israel di Gaza jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang telah diumumkan oleh militer Israel. "''Your soldiers will return in black bags,''" ujarnya.<ref name=":12" /> == Lihat pula == Baris 228 ⟶ 236: == Catatan kaki == {{Hamas}} [[Kategori:Israel dalam tahun 2023]] [[Kategori:Konflik Israel–Palestina]]