Perang Salib: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

Tanah daratan [[negara-negara Tentara Salib|negara-negara bentukan Laskar Salib]] dari ''[[outremer]]'' tersebut lenyap dengan jatuhnya [[Kejatuhan Tripoli (1289)|Tripoli]] pada tahun 1289 dan [[Pengepungan Akko (1291)|Akko]] pada tahun 1291.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lock|2006|p=122}}</ref> Kebanyakan kaum Kristen Latin yang tersisa pergi ke berbagai tempat tujuan dalam ''[[Frankokratia]]'' ("pemerintahan Franka"), dibunuh, atau diperbudak.<ref>{{Harvnb|Tyerman |2006|pp=820–822}}</ref> Upaya-upaya praktik perang salib kecil masih ada pada abad ke-14; [[Pierre I dari Siprus]] merebut dan menjarah [[Aleksandria]] pada tahun 1365 dalam peristiwa yang dikenal sebagai [[Perang Salib Aleksandria]], namun motivasinya lebih kepada kepentingan ekonomi daripada religius.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lock|2006|pp=195–196}}</ref> [[Louis II dari Bourbon|Louis II]] memimpin [[Perang Salib Berber|Perang Salib Mahdiya]] untuk melawan [[perompakan|bajak laut]] Muslim di Afrika Utara; setelah pengepungan selama 10 minggu, Laskar Salib menyepakati gencatan senjata selama 10 tahun.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lock|2006|p=199}}</ref>

 

=== Abad ke-14 dan ke-15 ===

* [[Milkhemet Mitzvah]]

* [[Perang agama]]

 

== Referensi ==

* {{cite book|last= Baldwin|first= Philip B.|title='Pope Gregory X and the crusades'|year=2014|publisher= Boydell & Brewer Ltd|isbn= 9781843839163|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Barber|first=Malcolm|authorlink=Malcolm Barber|title=The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050–1320|url=https://archive.org/details/twocitiesmedieva0000barb_u4c2|publisher=Routledge|year=1992|isbn=0-415-09682-0|ref=harv}}

* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Bull|first=Marcus |title=Origins |encyclopedia= The Oxford History of the Crusades |editor= Riley-Smith, Jonathan |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-19-280312-3|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|first=Robert|last=Chazan|title=European Jewry and the First Crusade|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sndVK_foqI4C&pg=PA60|year=1996|publisher=U. of California Press|page=60|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|title = The Arabs in Antiquity: Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads|last = Retso|first = Jan|year=2003|publisher = [[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-7007-1679-1|ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal | last = Raedts | first = P | title = The Children's Crusade of 1213 | journal = Journal of Medieval History | volume = 3 | year = 1977|doi=10.1016/0304-4181(77)90026-4 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Riley-Smith|first=Johnathan|title=The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades|date=1995|publisher=Oxford Press|isbn= 978-0192854285|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Riley-Smith|first=Jonathan|author-link=Jonathan Riley-Smith|title=The Crusades: A Short History|url=https://archive.org/details/00book837650140|edition=Second|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2005|isbn=0-300-10128-7|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Strayer|first=Joseph Reese|year=1992|title=The Albigensian Crusades|url=https://archive.org/details/albigensiancrusa00stra|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=0-472-06476-2|ref=harv}}

* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Strayer|first=Joseph R. |editor=Wolff, R. L. and Hazard, H. W. |encyclopedia=The Later Crusades, 1189–1311 |year=1969 |url =http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=article&did=HISTORY.CRUSTWO.I0023&isize=M |title=The Crusades of Louis IX |pages=487–521|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last1= Tolan|first1=John|last2=Veinstein|first2= Gilles|last3=Henry|first3=Laurens|year=2013|title=Europe and the Islamic World: A History.|url= https://archive.org/details/europeislamicwor0000tola|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-14705-5|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Tuchman|first=Barbara W.|title=A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|year=2011|isbn=9780307793690|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last= Vasilev|first=Aleksandr Aleksandrovich|title=History of the Byzantine Empire: 324–1453|year=1952|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |last=Villegas-Aristizabal|first= L|year=2009 |title=Anglo-Norman involvement in the conquest of Tortosa and Settlement of Tortosa, 1148–1180 |journal=Crusades |issue=8 |pages=63–129|ref=harv}}

* {{cite encyclopedia |last= Zacour|first=Norman P. |title=The Children's Crusade |editor=Wolff, R. L. and Hazard, H. W. |encyclopedia=The Later Crusades, 1189–1311 |year=1969 |pages=325–342|url =http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=article&did=HISTORY.CRUSTWO.I0023&isize=M|ref=harv }}

{{refend}}

;Pengantar

* {{cite encyclopedia |author= Andrea, Alfred J. |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Crusades |year= 2003|isbn= 0-313-31659-7|oclc= 52030565}}

* Cobb, Paul M. ''The Race for Paradise: An Islamic History of the Crusades'' (Oxford University Press, 2014)

* Hillenbrand, Carole. ''The Crusades, Islamic Perspectives''. (2000)

* Holt, P.M. ''The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517''. (2nd ed. 2014)