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{{Taxobox
| name = ''Cupressus sempervirens''<br>
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| image =
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[
| divisio = [[Pinophyta]]
| classis = [[Pinophyta|Pinopsida]]
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| binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Cupressus sempervirens''''' atau '''
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''C. sempervirens'' merupakan pohon [[konifer]] dari [[ordo]] [[Pinales]] berukuran sedang dan [[evergreen|selalu hijau]]. Tingginya mencapai 35 m (115 kaki), dengan pucuk kerucut, dahan-dahan yang merata dan cabang-cabang kecil yang menggantung lepas.<ref>See also [[#Uses|Uses]] section for the differing cultivated variants</ref> Usianya sangat panjang, sejumlah pohon dikabarkan berusia lebih dari 1000 tahun.
The foliage grows in dense sprays, dark green in colour. The leaves are scale-like, 2–5 mm long, and produced on rounded (not flattened) shoots. The seed [[conifer cone|cones]] are ovoid or oblong, 25–40 mm long, with 10-14 scales, green at first, maturing brown about 20–24 months after pollination. The male cones are 3–5 mm long, and release pollen in late winter. It is moderately susceptible to cypress [[canker]], caused by the fungus ''[[Seiridium]] cardinale'', and can suffer extensive [[Forest dieback|dieback]] where this disease is common. The species name ''sempervirens'' comes from the Latin for 'evergreen'.▼
▲<!--The foliage grows in dense sprays, dark green in colour. The leaves are scale-like, 2–5 mm long, and produced on rounded (not flattened) shoots. The seed [[conifer cone|cones]] are ovoid or oblong, 25–40 mm long, with 10-14 scales, green at first, maturing brown about 20–24 months after pollination. The male cones are 3–5 mm long, and release pollen in late winter. It is moderately susceptible to cypress [[canker]], caused by the fungus ''[[Seiridium]] cardinale'', and can suffer extensive [[Forest dieback|dieback]] where this disease is common. The species name ''sempervirens'' comes from the Latin for 'evergreen'.
==Penggunaan==
Mediterranean Cypress has been widely cultivated as an ornamental tree for millennia away from its native range, mainly throughout the whole Mediterranean region, and in other areas with similar hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters, including California, southwest South Africa and southern Australia. It can also be grown successfully in areas with cooler, moister summers, such as the British Isles, New Zealand and the Pacific Northwest (coastal Oregon, Washington and British Columbia). It is also planted in south Florida as an [[ornamental tree]]. In some areas, particularly the United States, it is known inaccurately as "Italian" or "Tuscan cypress".
[[Image:Cypress of Abarqu.JPG|thumb|left|upright|4000-year-old [[Cypress of Abarqu]], Iran]]▼
The vast majority of the trees in cultivation are selected [[cultivar]]s with a [[Wiktionary:fastigiate|fastigiate]] crown, with erect branches forming a narrow to very narrow crown often less than a tenth as wide as the tree is tall. The dark green "exclamation mark" shape of these trees is a highly characteristic signature of Mediterranean town and village landscapes. Formerly, the species was sometimes separated into two [[variety (biology)|varieties]], the wild ''C. sempervirens'' var. ''sempervirens'' (syn. var. ''horizontalis''), and the fastigiate ''C. s.'' var. ''pyramidalis'' (syn. var. ''fastigiata'', var. ''stricta''), but the latter is now only distinguished as a [[Cultivar Group]], with no botanical significance.
It is also known for its very durable, scented [[wood]], used most famously for the doors of [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in the [[Vatican City]], Rome. Cypress used to be used in distilleries as [[Barrel|staves]] to hold [[Mashing|mash]] ferments to make alcohol before the invention of stainless steel.<ref>[http://www.makersmark.com/Tour.aspx Makers Mark
In cosmetics it is used as [[astringent]], firming, [[anti-seborrheic]], anti-dandruff, anti-aging and as fragance.<ref name = Carrasco>{{cite book | title = Diccionario de Ingredientes\ 4ª Ed | author = Carrasco, F. | publisher = www.imagenpersonal.net | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-84-613-4979-1 | page = 267 | chapter = Ingredientes Cosméticos}}</ref>
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[[Berkas:Med Cypress.jpg|kiri|jmpl|200px|Daun dan bunga saru mediterania]]
{{Clear}}
== Pohon perau kuno di Iran ==
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[[Image:Vincent Van Gogh 0016.jpg|thumb|upright|''Cypresses'' (1889) by [[Vincent van Gogh]], [[Saint-Rémy-de-Provence]]]]▼
[[Image:Cupressus sempervirens Stricta.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Fastigiate Mediterranean cypress ''Cupressus sempervirens'' 'Stricta', planted in [[Hawaii]]]]▼
== Simbolisme ==
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Dalam karya klasik kuno, pohon perau merupakan lambang "kedukaan" dan pada zaman modern tetap menjadi pohon utama di [[kuburan]] baik di dunia [[Muslim]] dan [[Eropa]]. Dalam tradisi klasik, pohon saru dikaitkan dengan kematian dan [[Greek underworld|dunia bawah]] dalam [[mitologi Yunani]], karena pohon ini gagal untuk tumbuh kembali bila dipotong terlalu banyak. Rumah-rumah di [[Atena]] yang sedang berkabung dihiasi dengan cabang berdaun pohon saru.<ref>[[Servius]], catatan atas tulisan [[Vergil]] ''[[Aeneid]]'' 3.680.</ref> Perau digunakan untuk membersihkan udara pada saat [[kremasi]].<ref>[[Isidore of Seville]], ''Etymologiae'' 17.7.34.</ref> Merupakan tumbuhan yang cocok untuk membuat rangkaian bunga melingkar (''wreath'') untuk menghiasi patung-patung dewa Pluto, penguasa dunia bawah dalam mitologi.<ref>[[Natalis Comes]], ''Mythologiae'' 2.9.</ref>
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The poet [[Ovid]], who wrote during the reign of [[Augustus]], records the best-known myth that explains the association of the cypress with grief. The handsome boy [[Cyparissus]], a favorite of [[Apollo]], accidentally killed a beloved tame stag. His grief and remorse were so inconsolable that he asked to weep forever. He was transformed into ''cupressus sempervirens'', with the tree's sap as his tears.<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' 10.106ff.</ref> In another version of the story, it was the woodland god [[Silvanus (mythology)|Silvanus]] who was the divine companion of Cyparissus and who accidentally killed the stag. When the boy was consumed by grief, Silvanus turned him into a tree, and thereafter carried a branch of cypress as a symbol of mourning.<ref>Servius, note to Vergil's ''[[Georgics]]'' 1.20.</ref>
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Cypresses are mentioned extensively in the [[Shahnameh]], the great Iranian [[epic poem]] by [[Ferdowsi]].
In popular culture Italian Cypress is often stereotypically associated with vacation destinations to the Mediterranean region; Italy in particular. Often seen in travel posters for decades.<ref>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Italian_Lakes,_travel_poster_for_ENIT,_ca._1930.jpg</ref>
==Curiosity==
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In July 2012, a forest fire devastated for five days, 20,000 hectares of forest in the Valencian village of [[Andilla]]. However, amid the charred landscape, a group of 946 cypress trees about 22 years old was virtually unharmed, and only burned 12 cypress. Andilla cypresses were planted by the CypFire European project studying various aspects of the cypresses, including fire resistance.<ref>http://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2012/08/12/actualidad/1344804535_438591.html</ref>
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== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
== Pustaka ==
{{Portal|Trees}}
{{commons|Cupressus sempervirens}}
* Farjon, A. 2013 Cupressus sempervirens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2
* Farjon, A. (2005). ''Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4.
* {{cite book|title=Conifers Around the World|year=2012|publisher=DendroPress|isbn=9632190610|pages=1089|url=http://conifersaroundtheworld.com|author=Zsolt Debreczy, Istvan Racz|edition=1st|editor=Kathy Musial}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q147513}}
[[Kategori:Cupressus|sempervirens]]
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[[Kategori:Flora Yordania]]
[[Kategori:Trees of Mediterranean climate]]
[[Kategori:Tanaman hias]]
[[Kategori:Garden plants of Europe]]
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[[Kategori:Drought-tolerant trees]]
[[Kategori:Least concern plants]]
[[Kategori:Tumbuhan di Alkitab]]
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