Qatar: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Qatar''', (dalamresminya [[bahasabernama Arab]]:'''Negara Qatar''' ({{lang-ar|دولة قطر}}, ''Daulah QatarQaṭar''), adalah sebuah negara -[[emiratkeamiran]] di [[Timur Tengah]], yang terletak di sebuah semenanjung kecil di [[Jazirah Arab]] di [[Asia Barat]]. Satu-satunya batas darat merekadaratnya adalah [[Arab Saudi]] di selatan dan sisanya berbatasan dengan [[Teluk Persia]]. Teluk ini juga yang memisahkan Qatar dari negara pulau [[Bahrain]]. Qatar terkenal sebagai salah satu negara maju dengan PDB per kapita tertinggi di dunia.

Setelah berada di bawah kekuasaan [[Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah|Utsmaniyah]], Qatar menjadi [[protektorat Inggris]] pada awal abad ke-20 hingga merdeka pada tahun 1971. Qatar dipimpin oleh [[Keluarga Thani]] sejak awal abad ke-19. [[Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani|Syekh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani]] adalah pendiri Qatar. Qatar merupakan negara monarki dan kepala negaranya saat ini adalah Emir [[Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani]]. Qatar dapat disebut sebagai negara [[monarki konstitusional]]<ref name=BBC9Sep05>BBC News, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3784765.stm ''How democratic is the Middle East?''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211002901/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3784765.stm |date=2021-02-11 }}, 9 September 2005.</ref><ref name=USState2011>United States Department of State [http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/186656.pdf Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011: Qatar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520205158/https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/186656.pdf |date=2017-05-20 }}, 2011.</ref> maupun [[monarki absolut]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/160077.pdf|title=US State Dept's Country Political Profile - Qatar|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2017-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502085511/https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/160077.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=ftManage>{{cite news|last=Gardener |first=David |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2e141faa-dd82-11e2-a756-00144feab7de|title=Qatar shows how to manage a modern monarchy|publisher=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2021-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224183440/https://www.ft.com/content/2e141faa-dd82-11e2-a756-00144feab7de|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=ciaw>{{cite news|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html#qa|title=The World Factbook|publisher=[[CIA Factbook]]|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2012-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207225832/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html#qa|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=cangov>{{cite news|url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/qatar/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/index.aspx?lang=eng&pedisable=true|title=Canada – Qatar Bilateral Relations|publisher=[[Government of Canada]]|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225094525/https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/qatar/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/index.aspx?lang=eng&pedisable=true|dead-url=no}}</ref> tergantung opini. Pada tahun 2003, konstitusi baru disetujui oleh 98% penduduk.<ref name="electionguide.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.electionguide.org/results.php?ID=341|title=IFES Election Guide - Elections: Qatar Referendum Apr 29 2003|website=www.electionguide.org|accessdate=5 June 2017|archive-date=2020-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513193632/http://www.electionguide.org/results.php?ID=341|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="princeton.edu">{{cite web|url=https://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/qatar2003.html|title=Qatar 2003|website=www.princeton.edu|accessdate=5 June 2017|archive-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010092106/https://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/qatar2003.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Awal tahun 2017, total populasi Qatar mencapai 2,6 juta jiwa: 313.000 warga negara Qatar dan 2.3 juta [[ekspatriat]].<ref name=pop>{{cite web |url=http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/ |title=Population of Qatar by nationality - 2017 report |accessdate=7 February 2017 |archive-date=2018-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122162153/http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Qatar adalah negara dengan [[pendapatan ekonomi tinggi]], ditopang oleh [[Daftar negara menurut cadangan gas alam terbukti|cadangan gas alam]] dan minyaknya yang terbesar ketiga sedunia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112042847/http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/|archivedate=12 January 2013 |title=Indices & Data &#124; Human Development Reports |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=14 March 2013 |accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> Negara ini masuk dalam negara ber[[pendapatan per kapita]] [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB) per kapita|tertinggi]] sedunia. Qatar digolongkan sebagai negara yang memiliki indeks pembangunan manusia sangat tinggi dan paling baik di antara negara Arab lainnya.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://dohanews.co/un-ranks-qatar-highest-among-arab-states-human-development/|title = Qatar human development|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |archive-date = 2017-02-01|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170201220302/https://dohanews.co/un-ranks-qatar-highest-among-arab-states-human-development/|dead-url = no}}</ref> Qatar memiliki pengaruh cukup kuat di Jazirah Arab, mendukung beberapa kelompok pemberontak selama [[Musim Semi Arab]] baik secara finansial dan melalui grup media global mereka [[Jaringan Media Al Jazeera]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Dagher |first=Sam |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204002304576627000922764650 |title=Tiny Kingdom's Huge Role in Libya Draws Concern |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=17 October 2011 |accessdate=30 December 2013 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027213238/http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204002304576627000922764650 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://politicsandpolicy.org/article/qatar-rise-underdog |title=Qatar: Rise of an Underdog |publisher=Politicsandpolicy.org |date= |accessdate=30 December 2013 |archive-date=2017-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610115944/http://politicsandpolicy.org/article/qatar-rise-underdog |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Ian Black in Tripoli |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/26/qatar-troops-libya-rebels-support |title=Qatar admits sending hundreds of troops to support Libya rebels |publisher=Theguardian.com |date= |accessdate=30 December 2013 |archive-date=2019-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115131603/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/26/qatar-troops-libya-rebels-support |dead-url=no }}</ref> Untuk ukurannya, Qatar memegang pengaruh yang cukup penting di dunia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publicdiplomacymagazine.com/middle-powers-squeezed-out-or-adaptive/|title=Middle Powers: Squeezed out or Adaptive?|publisher=Public Diplomacy Magazine|last=Cooper|first=Andrew F.|accessdate=12 March 2015|archive-date=2015-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317144416/http://publicdiplomacymagazine.com/middle-powers-squeezed-out-or-adaptive/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www18.georgetown.edu/data/people/mk556/publication-61175.pdf|title=Mediation and Qatari Foreign Policy|last=Kamrava|first=Mehran|accessdate=12 March 2015|archive-date=2013-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007183501/http://www18.georgetown.edu/data/people/mk556/publication-61175.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Qatar akan menjadi tuan rumah [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2022]], menjadi negara Arab pertama yang mendapatkannya.<ref>{{cite web |author=Paul Rhys in Doha |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/sport/2010/04/2010424184010305993.html |title=Blatter reaches out to Arabia |publisher=Aljazeera.com |date= |accessdate=30 December 2013 |archive-date=2020-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919080334/https://www.aljazeera.com/sport/2010/04/2010424184010305993.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Qatar dapat dianggap sebagai negara [[monarki konstitusional]]<ref name=BBC9Sep05/><ref name=USState2011/> maupun [[monarki absolut]]<ref name=ftManage/><ref name=cangov/> yang dipimpin oleh [[keluarga Al Thani]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3784765.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Middle East - How democratic is the Middle East?|website=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=5 June 2017|archive-date=2021-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211002901/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3784765.stm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/186656.pdf |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2017-06-07 |archive-date=2017-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520205158/https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/186656.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> Dinasti Al Thani telah memimpin Qatar sejak 1825.<ref name="CIA"/> Tahun 2003, Qatar mengadopsi [[Konstitusi Qatar|konstitusi]] yang memilih langsung 30 dari 45 anggota Dewan Legislatif.<ref name="CIA"/><ref name="Lambert2011a">{{cite journal|first = Jennifer|last = Lambert|year = 2011|title = Political Reform in Qatar: Participation, Legitimacy and Security|url = http://mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/political-reform-qatar-participation-legitimacy-and-security?print|publisher = Middle East Policy Council|volume = 19|issue = 1|access-date = 2017-06-07|archive-date = 2013-01-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130116235840/http://mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/political-reform-qatar-participation-legitimacy-and-security?print|dead-url = no}}</ref><ref name="Reut20111101">{{cite news | title = Qatar to hold advisory council elections in 2013 | url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/11/01/uk-qatar-election-idUKTRE7A01US20111101 | date = 1 November 2011 | publisher = Reuters | work = Reuters (UK edition) | accessdate = 4 March 2012 | archive-date = 2015-11-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151120233112/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/11/01/uk-qatar-election-idUKTRE7A01US20111101 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Konstitusi ini disetujui mutlak dalam referendum dengan angka 98%.<ref name="electionguide.org"/><ref name="princeton.edu"/>

Emir kedelapan Qatar adalah [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani]], ayahnya adalah [[Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani]] yang menyerahkan kekuasaan padanya 25 Juni 2013.<ref name="New Emir BBC">{{cite news|title=Qatari emir Sheikh Hamad hands power to son Tamim|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-23026870|accessdate=25 June 2013|newspaper=BBC|date=25 June 2013|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224191628/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-23026870|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kanselir tertinggi memiliki kekuasaan eksklusif untuk memilih dan mencopot perdana menteri dan menteri kabinet yang semuanya membentuk Dewan Menteri. Dewan Menteri adalah otoritas eksekutif tertinggi di negara ini.<ref name="embassycouncil">{{cite web|title=Council of Ministers |url=http://www.qatarembassy.net/council.asp |publisher=Embassy of the State of Qatar in Washington DC |accessdate=4 March 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612090451/http://qatarembassy.net/council.asp |archivedate=12 June 2010 }}</ref> Dewan Menteri juga memulai legislasi. Hukum dan dekrit yang diusulkan Dewan Menteri akan dirujuk ke Dewan Penasihat (Majilis Al Shura) untuk didiskusikan kemudian diberikan ke Emir untuk diratifikasi.<ref name="embassycouncil"/> [[Majelis Konsultatif Qatar|Majelis Konsultatif]] memiliki otoritas legislatif terbatas untuk menyusun dan menyetujui hukum, tapi Emir yang menentukan semuanya di akhir.<ref name="CIA"/> Anggota dewan saat ini terdiri dari anggota yang ditunjuk oleh Emir,<ref name="CIA"/> karena tidak ada pemilihan legislatif sejak 1970.<ref name="CIA"/> Pemilihan legislatif ditunda sampai paling tidak tahun 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dohanews.co/legislative-elections-in-qatar-postponed-until-at-least-2019/|title=Legislative elections in Qatar postponed until at least 2019|date=2016-06-17|work=Doha News|access-date=2017-05-26|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929231332/https://dohanews.co/legislative-elections-in-qatar-postponed-until-at-least-2019/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Menurut konstitusi Qatar, [[hukum Syariat]] adalah sumber semua kebijakan Qatar.<ref name="con">{{cite web|title=The Permanent Constitution of the State of Qatar|url=http://www.almeezan.qa/LawArticles.aspx?LawArticleID=25754&LawId=2284&language=en|publisher=Government of Qatar|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075128/http://www.almeezan.qa/LawArticles.aspx?LawArticleID=25754&LawId=2284&language=en|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=qat1>{{cite web|title=Constitution of Qatar|url=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=9626|quote=Menurut Article 1: Qatar adalah negara Arab independen. Islam adalah agamanya dan hukum Syariat adalah sumber hukumnya.|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006153437/http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=9626|dead-url=no}}</ref> Dalam praktiknya, sistem hukum Qatar merupakan campuran antara [[hukum sipil (sistem hukum)|hukum sipil]] dan hukum Syariat.<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|publisher=U.S. Central Intelligence Agency|url=http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/qa.html|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2013-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123052127/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/qa.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/171743.pdf|title=Qatar|publisher=[[US Department of State]]|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120336/http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/171743.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hukum Syariat diberlakukan ke [[hukum keluarga]], [[keturunan]], dan beberapa [[hukum kriminal|tindakan kriminal]] (termasuk zina, perampokan, dan pembunuhan). Dalam beberapa kasus, sidang pengadilan keluarga memperlakukan testimoni wanita berharga setengah dari testimoni pria.<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar Gender Equality Profile|url=http://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Qatar-Gender-Eqaulity-Profile-2011.pdf|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629121154/http://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Qatar-Gender-Eqaulity-Profile-2011.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Poligini dalam Islam|Poligini Islam]] diperbolehkan.<ref name=nobs/>

''[[Judicial corporal punishment]]'' adalah sesuatu yang umum di Qatar akibat [[Hanbali|interpretasi Hanbali]] hukum Syariat. [[Cambukan]] diberlakukan sebagai hukuman untuk pengonsumsi alkohol atau hubungan seksual terlarang.<ref name="amne" /> Kitab Pidana Qatar Artikel 88 menuliskan bahwa hukuman bagi pelaku zina adalah 100 cambukan,<ref name="flog" /> dan pada tahun 2006, seorang wanita Filipina mendapat hukuman ini.<ref name="flog">{{cite web|title=Filipino woman gets 100 lashes for giving birth in Qatar|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/9758/news/nation/filipino-woman-gets-100-lashes-for-giving-birth-in-qatar|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073504/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/9758/news/nation/filipino-woman-gets-100-lashes-for-giving-birth-in-qatar|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada tahun 2010, paling tidak 18 orang (sebagian besar warga asing) dihukum antara 40-100 cambuk akibat hubungan seksual terlarang atau konsumsi alkohol.<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/qatar/report-2010|publisher=Amnesty International|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020022548/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/qatar/report-2010|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Tahun 2011, paling tidak 21 orang dihukum,<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/qatar/report-2011#section-117-9|publisher=Amnesty International|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2015-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103135911/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/qatar/report-2011#section-117-9|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan tahun 2012, ada 6 ekspatriat dihukum.<ref name="amne">{{cite web|title=Amnesty International Annual Report 2012 – Qatar|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/qatar/report-2012#section-27-6|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=19 March 2014|archive-date=2014-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724102826/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/qatar/report-2012#section-27-6|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hanya Muslim yang sehat yang akan menjalani hukuman. Tidak diketahui pasti apakah hukuman benar dijalankan.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/qatar/report-2012#section-27-6 | work=Amnesty International | title=Annual Report | date=23 October 2014 | access-date=2017-06-07 | archive-date=2014-07-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724102826/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/qatar/report-2012#section-27-6 | dead-url=no }}</ref> Pada bulan April 2013, seorang ekspatriat Muslim dihukum 40 cambukan karena ketahuan mengonsumsi alkohol,<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar sentences man to 40 lashes for drinking alcohol|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/qatar-sentences-man-40-lashes-for-drinking-alcohol-498986.html|publisher=Arabian Business|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120716/http://www.arabianbusiness.com/qatar-sentences-man-40-lashes-for-drinking-alcohol-498986.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar sentences man to lashes for drinking alcohol|url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/15593|publisher=Al Akhbar|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143325/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/15593|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar court orders lashing of Muslim barber over drinking alcohol|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/04/22/Qatar-to-lash-Muslim-barber-over-drinking-alcohol-.html|publisher=Al Arabiya|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029020349/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/04/22/Qatar-to-lash-Muslim-barber-over-drinking-alcohol-.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan bulan Juni 2014, seorang ekspatriat Muslim juga dihukum 40 cambukan karena mengonsumsi alkohol dan mengendarai mobil di bawah pengaruh alkohol.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian expat sentenced to 40 lashes in Qatar for drink-driving|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/indian-expat-sentenced-40-lashes-in-qatar-for-drink-driving-552601.html|publisher=Arabian Business|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006115210/http://www.arabianbusiness.com/indian-expat-sentenced-40-lashes-in-qatar-for-drink-driving-552601.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

[[Rajam]] adalah hukuman legal di Qatar,<ref>{{cite web|title=Special report: The punishment was death by stoning. The crime? Having a mobile phone|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/special-report-the-punishment-was-death-by-stoning-the-crime-having-a-mobile-phone-8846585.html|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2020-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828204058/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/special-report-the-punishment-was-death-by-stoning-the-crime-having-a-mobile-phone-8846585.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan [[kemurtadan]] dan [[homoseksualitas]] dapat dijerat dengan [[hukuman mati]].<ref name=iheu>{{cite news|author= Jenifer Fenton|url=http://iheu.org/religious-law-prison-for-blasphemy-severe-sexual-inequalilty-qatars-human-rights-review/|title=Religious law, prison for "blasphemy", severe sexual inequalilty: Qatar's human rights review|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2015-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318210908/http://iheu.org/religious-law-prison-for-blasphemy-severe-sexual-inequalilty-qatars-human-rights-review/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What are the worst countries in the world to be gay?|url=http://unitedexplanations.org/english/2014/05/20/what-are-the-worst-countries-in-the-world-to-be-gay/|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110231905/http://unitedexplanations.org/english/2014/05/20/what-are-the-worst-countries-in-the-world-to-be-gay/|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Penistaan]] dapat berujung hingga 7 tahun penjara, sedangkan menarik orang untuk berpindah agama dapat dijatuhi 10 tahun penjara.<ref name=iheu />

[[Minuman beralkohol]] legal sebagian di Qatar; beberapa hotel bintang lima diperbolehkan menjual alkohol pada konsumen non-Muslim.<ref name=wsj20120107>{{cite news |author= Alex Delmar-Morgan |url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203686204577115923124889872.html |title=Qatar, Unveiling Tensions, Suspends Sale of Alcohol |work=Wall Street Journal |date=7 January 2012 |accessdate=17 January 2012 |archive-date=2013-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808023228/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203686204577115923124889872.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=arabist20120115>{{cite news |author= Jenifer Fenton |url=http://www.arabist.net/blog/2012/1/15/qatars-impromptu-alcohol-ban.html |title=Qatar's Impromptu Alcohol Ban |publisher=The Arabist |date=16 January 2012 |accessdate=17 January 2012 |archive-date=2012-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117011856/http://www.arabist.net/blog/2012/1/15/qatars-impromptu-alcohol-ban.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> Muslim dilarang mengonsumsi alkohol, dan yang kedapatan mengonsumsi dapat berujung hukuman [[cambuk]] atau deportasi. Ekspatriat non-Muslim dapat memperoleh izin untuk membeli alkohol untuk konsumsi pribadi. Qatar Distribution Company (anak usaha [[Qatar Airways]]) diizinkan untuk mengimpor alkohol dan bagi; perusahaan ini mengoperasikan satu-satunya toko alkohol di negara ini, juga menjual babi kepada pemegang lisensi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar Distribution Company|url=http://www.qatarloving.com/qatar-distribution-company|publisher=Qatar Loving|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2021-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224170401/https://www.qatarloving.com/qatar-distribution-company|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qatarvisitor.com/index.php?cID=414&pID=1053 |title=Purchasing Alcohol in Qatar |publisher=Qatar Visitor |date=2 June 2007 |accessdate=1 May 2011 |archive-date=2011-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501044507/http://www.qatarvisitor.com/index.php?cID=414&pID=1053 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Otoritas Qatar kelihatannya juga akan memperbolehkan alkohol di "zona fans" ketika [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2022]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Qatar would 'welcome' Israel in 2022 |first=Tamara |last=Walid |url=http://www.thenational.ae/sport/football/qatar-would-welcome-israel-in-2022 |newspaper=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=11 November 2009 |accessdate=10 August 2013 |archive-date=2013-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531214338/http://www.thenational.ae/sport/football/qatar-would-welcome-israel-in-2022 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Tahun 2014, sebuah imbauan kesopanan diluncurkan untuk mengingatkan turis mengenai gaya berpakaian di negara ini.<ref name="'Leggings Are Not Pants' Qatar's New Modesty Campaign Aimed At Westerners">{{cite news|last=Elgot|first=Jessica|title='Leggings Are Not Pants' Qatar's New Modesty Campaign Aimed At Westerners'|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/05/28/qatar-modesty-world-cup_n_5405054.html|newspaper=Huffington Post|date=28 May 2014|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006094853/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/05/28/qatar-modesty-world-cup_n_5405054.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Turis wanita disarankan untuk tidak mengenakan ''legging'', rok mini, atasan tanpa lengan, dan pakaian ketat di publik. Pria diingatkan tidak hanya mengenakan celana pendek dan singlet.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/05/29/240581035/Qatar-Bans-Tourists-from-Wearing-Leggings-in-Public |title=Qatar Bans Tourists from Wearing Leggings in Public |author=Aningtias Jatmika |date=29 May 2014 |language=id |work=[[Tempo.co]] |access-date=2017-06-07 |archive-date=2014-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073951/http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/05/29/240581035/Qatar-Bans-Tourists-from-Wearing-Leggings-in-Public |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Awalnya, [[ekonomi]] Qatar difokuskan pada [[perikanan]] dan [[mutiara]] namun industri mutiara jatuh setelah munculnya mutiara yang dibudidayakan dari [[Jepang]] pada tahun [[1920-an]] dan [[1930-an]]. Transformasi ekonomi terjadi pada tahun [[1940]], yaitu ketika ditemukan [[minyak bumi]] di [[Lapangan Dukhan]].<ref name=emboil>{{cite web |title=The Qatar Oil Discoveries |author=Rasoul Sorkhabi |journal=GEO ExPro Magazine |volume=7 |issue=1 |date=2010 |url=http://www.geoexpro.com/articles/2010/01/the-qatar-oil-discoveries |access-date=2017-06-08 |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205055046/https://www.geoexpro.com/articles/2010/01/the-qatar-oil-discoveries |dead-url=no }}</ref> Sekarang, pemasukan utama Qatar adalah dari [[ekspor]] minyak dan [[gas bumi]]. Simpanan minyak negara ini diperkirakan sebesar 15 miliar [[barel]] (2,4&nbsp;km³). Dengan tidak adanya [[pajak penghasilan]], Qatar (bersama [[Bahrain]]) adalah salah satu negara dengan tingkat pajak terendah di dunia. Tingkat pengangguran bulan Juni 2013 adalah 0,1%.<ref name=newhopenyt>{{cite news|title=New Hope for Democracy in a Dynastic Land|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/26/world/middleeast/emir-of-qatar-abdicates-handing-power-to-his-son.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|publisher=NYTimes.com|accessdate=26 June 2013|first=Rod|last=Nordland|date=25 June 2013|archive-date=2019-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502065154/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/26/world/middleeast/emir-of-qatar-abdicates-handing-power-to-his-son.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hukum korporat mewajibkan perusahaan Qatar memegang minimum 51% saham perusahaan di negara ini.<ref name=nobs/>

Per 2016, [[Produk domestik bruto|PDB]] per kapita Qatar menempati posisi nomor 4 tertinggi di dunia, menurut Dana Moneter Internasional.(IMF) <ref name="imfoct"/> Negara ini sangat mengandalkan tenaga asing untuk pertumbuhan ekonominya, sampai pada taraf [[pekerja migran]] mencapai 86% populasi penduduk dan 94% angkatan kerja.<ref>Bill Crane (20 April 2015). [https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/04/gulf-states-slave-labor-migrant-workers/ Gravediggers of the Gulf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010092113/https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/04/gulf-states-slave-labor-migrant-workers/|date=2017-10-10}}. ''[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]''. Retrieved 20 April 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar: Migrant Construction Workers Face Abuse|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/06/12/qatar-migrant-construction-workers-face-abuse|publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2017-06-08|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016072824/https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/06/12/qatar-migrant-construction-workers-face-abuse|dead-url=no}}</ref> Qatar juga sering dikritik oleh [[Konfederasi Serikat Dagang Internasional]].<ref>Robert Tuttle (22 May 2014). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-22/world-cup-host-qatar-ranked-among-worst-places-to-work-by-unions.html World Cup Host Qatar Ranked Among Worst Places to Work by Unions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108082643/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-22/world-cup-host-qatar-ranked-among-worst-places-to-work-by-unions.html |date=2015-01-08 }}. [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]. Retrieved 29 July 2014.</ref> Pertumbuhan ekonomi Qatar hampir selalu ditopang oleh minyak bumi dan gas alam sejak ditemukan tahun 1940.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onlineqatar.com/info/tourist-info.aspx |title=Qatar tourist guide |accessdate=14 February 2012 |archive-date=2018-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616153325/https://www.onlineqatar.com/info/tourist-info.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Negara ini hampir tidak menerapkan pajak, namun otoritas negara berencana untuk menerapkannya pada makanan siap saji dan barang mewah. Pajak ini akan diimplementasikan pada barang yang membahayakan tubuh - seperti makanan siap saji, rokok, dan minuman ringan. Awal mula rencana kebijakan ini diperkirakan akibat jatuhnya harga minyak dan menyebabkan negara ini defisit tahun 2016. Selain itu, jumlah pemotongan kerja juga meningkat dari perusahaan minyak dan sektor lembaga negara lainnya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dohanews.co/taxes-on-junk-food-luxury-items-to-be-rolled-out-in-qatar-soon/|title=Taxes on junk food, luxury items to be rolled out in Qatar soon|date=16 February 2017|publisher=|accessdate=5 June 2017|archive-date=2017-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519042210/https://dohanews.co/taxes-on-junk-food-luxury-items-to-be-rolled-out-in-qatar-soon/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dohanews.co/tag/layoffs/|title=layoffs Archives - Doha News|website=Doha News|accessdate=5 June 2017|archive-date=2017-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519071058/https://dohanews.co/tag/layoffs/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

{{wide image|Wv Doha banner.jpg|1000px|Panorama [[Doha]]}}

Jumlah penduduk di Qatar berfluktuasi tergantung musim, karena negara ini sangat bergantung dari migran asing. Pada tahun 2017, total populasi Qatar mencapai 2,6 juta, di mana warga negara Qatar hanya 313.000 orang (12%) dan 2,3 juta lainnya adalah ekspatriat.<ref name="pop" /> Warga asing non-Arab menyumbang mayoritas populasi Qatar; [[Orang India di Qatar|Orang India]] merupakan yang terbesar, mencapai 650.000 orang (2017),<ref name="pop" /> diikuti 350.000 [[Orang Nepal di Qatar|orang Nepal]], 280.000 [[orang Bangladesh]], 260.000 [[orang Filipina di Qatar|orang Filipina]], 200.000 orang [[Mesir]], 145.000 orang [[Sri Lanka]] dan 125.000 [[orang Pakistan di Qatar|orang Pakistan]].<ref name="pop" /><ref>[http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/ many other nationalities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122162153/http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/ |date=2018-11-22 }}.</ref>

|source = Otoritas Statistik Qatar (1904–2004);<ref name=qsahist/> 2010 Census;<ref name=census10 /> 2013 est.<ref name=qsa-jan13>{{cite web|title=Population structure|url=http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/population_census/2013/PopulationStructure_jan.htm|publisher=Qatar Statistics Authority|date=31 January 2013|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095212/http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/population_census/2013/PopulationStructure_jan.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="balancing"/> 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.tengrinews.kz/people/Qatar-population-hits-25-million-on-worker-influx-263189/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2017-06-07 |archive-date=2018-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070536/https://en.tengrinews.kz/people/Qatar-population-hits-25-million-on-worker-influx-263189/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Sensus tahun 2010 mencatat total penduduk 1.699.435.<ref name="census10" /> Bulan Januari 2013, Otoritas Statistik Qatar memperkirakan jumlah penduduk 1.903.447, di mana 1.405.164 adalah pria dan 498.283 wanita.<ref name="qsa-jan13" /> Ketika dilakukan sensus pertama tahun 1970, jumlah penduduk adalah 111.133.<ref name=qsahist>{{cite web|title=History of Census in Qatar|url=http://www.qsa.gov.qa/QatarCensus/HistoryOfCensus.aspx|publisher=Qatar Statistics Authority|accessdate=16 June 2013|archive-date=2017-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311180211/http://www.qsa.gov.qa/QatarCensus/HistoryOfCensus.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Populasinya bertambah 3 kali lipat dalam satu dekade per tahun 2011, dari hanya 600.000 orang tahun 2001, sehingga warga negara Qatar tersisa kurang dari 15% total populasi.<ref name="balancing">{{cite news|title=Qatar's delicate balancing act|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-21029018|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=23 May 2013|date=16 January 2013|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330171029/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-21029018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Jumlah pekerja kasar pria menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan jender, dan jumlah wanita saat ini hanya seperempat jumlah populasi.

Kebanyakan penduduk Qatar beragama [[Islam]]. Islam juga merupakan agama resmi negara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Report on International Religious Freedom – Qatar|url=http://m.state.gov/md14011.htm|publisher=US Department of State|quote=The official state religion follows the conservative Wahhabi tradition of the Hanbali school of Islam|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821170612/http://m.state.gov/md14011.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Selain etnik Arab, Qatar juga terdiri dari banyak ekspatriat yang bekerja di Qatar dalam industri minyak. Kebanyakan Muslim di Qatar mengikuti aliran [[Islam Sunni]], sedangkan Muslim yang mengikuti Syiah sekitar 20%.<ref name=wahh>{{cite web|title=Tiny Qatar's growing global clout|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13229852|publisher=BBC|date=30 April 2011|accessdate=12 March 2015|archive-date=2020-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201142354/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13229852|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=insom>{{cite news|title=Qatar's modern future rubs up against conservative traditions|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/27/uk-qatar-modernism-idUSLNE88Q00D20120927|publisher=Reuters|date=27 September 2012|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924170941/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/27/uk-qatar-modernism-idUSLNE88Q00D20120927|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=risingreuters>{{cite news|title=Rising power Qatar stirs unease among some Mideast neighbors|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/12/us-qatar-neighbours-idUSBRE91B0R920130212|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=13 June 2013|date=12 February 2013|archive-date=2015-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002041309/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/12/us-qatar-neighbours-idUSBRE91B0R920130212|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Report on International Religious Freedom – Qatar|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/50210591c.html|publisher=US Department of State|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2021-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126141320/https://www.refworld.org/docid/50210591c.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Penduduk Qatar 67.7% [[Muslim]], 13.8% [[Kristen]], 13.8% [[Hindu]] dan 3.1% [[Buddha]]- agama dan kepercayaan lainnya 1.6%.<ref name=pewrel>{{cite web|title=Religious Composition by Country|url=http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/globalReligion-tables.pdf|work=Global Religious Landscape|publisher=Pew Forum|accessdate=9 July 2013|archive-date=2013-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909201109/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Hukum Syariat]] adalah sumber utama legislasi Qatar menurut Konstitusi Qatar.<ref name="con" /><ref name="qat1" />

Sedangkan penganut Kristen kebanyakan berasal dari ekspatriat asal [[Eropa]] yang bekerja di Qatar. Sejak tahun 2008, penganut Kristen diperbolehkan untuk membangun gereja yang didanai pemerintah,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/christians-to-welcome-qatars-first-christian-church-31302/ |title=Christians to Welcome Qatar's First Christian Church |publisher=Christianpost.com |date=24 February 2008 |accessdate=22 January 2013 |archive-date=2020-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121015057/https://www.christianpost.com/news/christians-to-welcome-qatars-first-christian-church-31302/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> meski kegiatan misionaris asing tidak diperbolehkan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90219.htm |title=CIA The World Fact Book |publisher=State.gov |date=29 June 2006 |accessdate=28 March 2010 |archive-date=2009-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610133535/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90219.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref> Beberapa3 gerejaGereja yang aktifPembangunannya di antaranyainisiasi [[Gerejaoleh MalankaraPemerintah MarQatar Thomaadalah Suriah[[Katolik Roma|Gereja Mar ThomaKatolik]], [[Gereja''Our OrtodoksLady Suriahof Malankara]]Rosary'', [[Gereja Katolik Bunda RosarioOrtodoks (Doha)Suriah|Gereja BundaOrtodoks RosarioSuriah Malankara]] dan''Mar GerejaThoma'', dan [[Persekutuan Anglikan|Gereja Anglikan]] ''Epiphany''.<ref name="Report on Qatar">{{cite web|url=http://www.cumorah.com/index.php?target=view_country_reports&story_id=90|title=Report on Qatar|publisher=Cumorah Project|accessdate=12 March 2015|archive-date=2022-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123180431/https://www.cumorah.com/index.php?target=view_country_reports&story_id=90|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="The Anglican Centre in Qatar">{{cite web|url=http://www.epiphany-qatar.org/buildingproject.html |title=The Anglican Centre in Qatar |publisher=Epiphany-qatar.org |date= |accessdate=22 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116235828/http://www.epiphany-qatar.org/buildingproject.html |archivedate=16 January 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book|author1=David B. Barrett|author2=George Thomas Kurian|author3=Todd M. Johnson|title=World Christian encyclopedia: a comparative survey of churches and religions in the modern world|volume=1|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510318-2|page=617}}</ref>

Bahasa Arab adalah bahasa resmi Qatar, dengan [[Arab Qatar]] menjadi dialek lokal. [[Bahasa Tanda Qatar]] adalah bahasa bagi kaum tunarungu. [[Bahasa Inggris]] digunakan sebagai bahasa kedua,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Baker|first1=Colin|last2=Jones|first2=Sylvia Prys|title=Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgtSqB9oqDIC|publisher=Multilingual Matters|year=1998|page=429|isbn=978-1853593628|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2023-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211035950/https://books.google.com/books?id=YgtSqB9oqDIC|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan [[lingua franca]] yang sedang populer terutama untuk komersial.<ref>{{cite news|last=Guttenplan|first=D. D.|title=Battling to Preserve Arabic From English's Onslaught|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/11/world/middleeast/11iht-educlede11.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=24 November 2013|date=11 June 2012|archive-date=2020-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120045411/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/11/world/middleeast/11iht-educlede11.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Bahasa Inggris sangat berguna untuk berkomunikasi dengan komunitas asing Qatar yang besar. Banyak bahasa lain yang juga diucapkan di sini, seperti [[bahasa Baluchi]], [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]], [[Urdu]], [[Pashto]], [[bahasa Tamil|Tamil]], [[bahasa Telugu|Telugu]], [[bahasa Nepal|Nepal]], [[bahasa Sinhala|Sinhala]], [[bahasa Bengali|Bengali]], dan [[bahasa Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar Facts|url=http://fqoc.hamad.qa/en/venue/about_qatar/about_qatar.aspx|publisher=First Qatar Orthodontic Conference|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2014-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712062300/http://fqoc.hamad.qa/en/venue/about_qatar/about_qatar.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

[[Berkas:UNESCO_Institute_for_Statistics_Literacy_Rate_Qatar_population_plus_15_1985-2015.png|jmpl|UNESCO Institute for Statistics Literacy Rate Qatar population plus 15 1985-2015]] Emir Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani telah membentuk Dewan Pendidikan Tertinggi pada tahun 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Qatar.pdf|title=World Data on Education – Qatar|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=21 July 2015|archive-date=2016-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804015605/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Qatar.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> Dewan ini mengarahkan dan mengontrol pendidikan mulai dari balita sampai universitas.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365480210390083|title=National student research fairs as evidence for progress in Qatar’s Education for a New Era|first1=Margery K.|last1=Anderson|first2=|last2=Tarfa Nasser Alnaimi|first3=|last3=Shaikha Hamad Alhajri|date=1 November 2010|publisher=|journal=Improving Schools|volume=13|issue=3|pages=235–248|accessdate=5 June 2017|via=SAGE Journals|doi=10.1177/1365480210390083}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.english.education.gov.qa |title=Education for a New Era |accessdate=25 March 2008 |publisher=Supreme Education Council |archive-date=2005-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050913005112/http://www.english.education.gov.qa/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

[[Daftar negara menurut tingkat melek huruf|Tingkat buta huruf]] di Qatar adalah 3.1% untuk pria dan 4.2% untuk wanita tahun 2012, terendah di dunia Arab namun urutan ke-86 di dunia.<ref>{{cite web|title=In the occasion of Literacy Arab Day, Qatar has the Lowest Illiteracy Rates in 2012|url=http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/News/2012/Article/72.htm|publisher=Qatar Statistics Authority|date=8 January 2013|access-date=2017-06-10|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083746/http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/News/2012/Article/72.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Warga negara diwajibkan untuk sekolah mulai dari [[taman kanak-kanak]] hingga sekolah menengah atas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.mofa.gov.qa/details.cfm?id=80 |title=Qatar constitution |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918053402/http://english.mofa.gov.qa/details.cfm?id=80 |archivedate=18 September 2013 }}</ref> [[Universitas Qatar]] yang didirikan tahun 1973 adalah lembaga pendidikan tertinggi tertua dan terbesar di negara ini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/theuniversity/history.php|title=Our history|publisher=Qatar University|accessdate=12 March 2015|archive-date=2016-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225121300/http://www.qu.edu.qa/theuniversity/history.php|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/special-reports/article/the-middle-east-university-list_672|title=SPECIAL REPORT: UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST|last=Hendengren|first=Adam|publisher=Your Middle East|date=25 June 2013|accessdate=12 June 2015|archive-date=2018-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506235206/http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/special-reports/article/the-middle-east-university-list_672|dead-url=no}}</ref>