Rencana Marshall: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[GambarBerkas:George Catlett Marshall, general of the US army.jpg|thumbjmpl|220px|[[George Marshall]], Sekretaris Negara Amerika Serikat.]]

'''Rencana Marshall''' atau '''''Marshall Plan''''' adalah program ekonomi skala besar pada tahun 1947 - 1951<ref>The Marshall Plan was replaced by the [[Mutual Security Act|Mutual Security Plan]] at the end of 1951. <br />{{cite book |last= Mills |first= Nicolaus|title= Winning the peace: the Marshall Plan and America's coming of age as a superpower|url= https://archive.org/details/winningpeacemars00mill|year=2008|publisher= Wiley|isbn=978-0-470-09755-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/winningpeacemars00mill/page/195 195]}}</ref> oleh [[Amerika Serikat]] yang bertujuan membangun kembali kekuatan ekonomi negara - negara di Eropa setelah Perang Dunia II usai. Inisiatif penamaan diambil dari [[Sekretaris Negara Amerika Serikat|sekretaris negara]] [[George Marshall]].<ref>The name was due to President [[Harry S. Truman]]'s suspicion that the [[History of the Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] would oppose anything proposed by himself, a [[History of the Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], and his administration [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20071025031206/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/02/interviews/clifford/ ''I said, "Mr. President, this is one of the great decisions of your administration, and it may be the first time in the history of the world one of the great wealthy nations had reached out and helped a number of others that needed help at the time, with no hope of aggrandizement, no hope of additional territory, doing it as a humane act." [He] said, "I agree to all that." So I said, "I'd hope your name would be connected with this plan." He said, "No. No, Clark. If this goes up as a Truman product, it'll lie up there for a day or two and then turn belly up and die." He said, "The Republicans are not going to pass anything that's called the Truman something." ''</ref>. Pembagian bantuan Rencana Marshall ini tidak hanya untuk negara - negara Eropa namun juga negara Asia yang terkena imbas dari Perang Dunia II.

* Behrman, Greg, ''The Most Noble Adventure: The Marshall Plan and the Time When America Helped Save Europe'' (2007) ISBN 07432826390-7432-8263-9

* Röpke, Wilhelm, Humane Economist,{{Cite web|url=http://www.mises.org/about/3241|title=Biography of Wilhelm Röpke (1899-1966): Humane Economist|publisher=Mises.org|accessdate=2009-08-18}}

* Wallich, Henry Christopher. ''Mainsprings of the German Revival'' (1955)

* [http://www.marshallfoundation.org George C. Marshall Foundation]

* [http://www.gmfus.org The German Marshall Fund of the United States]

* [http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=261 The Marshal Plan documents collection at MCE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209071753/http://www.ena.lu/?lang=2&doc=261 |date=2010-02-09 }}

* [http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/marshall_plan/index.html Marshall Plan from the National Archives]

* [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmarshallP.htm Excerpts from book by Allen W. Dulles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309011023/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmarshallP.htm |date=2009-03-09 }}

* [http://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga4-460906.htm United States Secretary of State [[James F. Byrnes]] famous Stuttgart speech, September 6, 1946] The speech marked the turning point away from the [[Morgenthau Plan]] philosophy of economic dismantlement of Germany and towards a policy of economic reconstruction.

* [http://www.foreignaffairs.org/1928/3.html Marshall Plan Commemorative Section: Lessons of the Plan: Looking Forward to the Next Century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060727123239/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/1928/3.html |date=2006-07-27 }}

* [http://www.ndu.edu/library/ic1/L46-070.pdf U.S. Economic Policy Towards defeated countries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011071808/http://www.ndu.edu/library/ic1/L46-070.pdf |date=2006-10-11 }} April, 1946.

* [http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,887417,00.html "Pas de Pagaille!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012050343/http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,887417,00.html |date=2008-10-12 }}, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine July 28, 1947

* [http://news.enquirer.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061210/EDIT02/612100471/-1/back01 Marshall Plan Still Working, 60 Years Later]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Cincinnati Enquirer December 10, 2006

* [http://www.gmu.edu/centers/publicchoice/faculty%20pages/Tyler/Marshall_Plan.pdf Economist Tyler Cowen questions the conventional wisdom surrounding the Plan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122232515/http://www.gmu.edu/centers/publicchoice/faculty%20pages/Tyler/Marshall_Plan.pdf |date=2011-01-22 }}

* [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329072721/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php |date=2019-03-29 }}

* "The Marshall Plan as Tragedy", comment on Michael Cox and Caroline Kennedy-Pipe, "The Tragedy of American Diplomacy? Rethinking the Marshall Plan", both published in the Journal of Cold War Studies, vol. 7, no. 1 (Winter 2005) ([http://www.polisci.ucla.edu/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/jcws(marshall%20plan).pdf text of comment on pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615143545/http://www.polisci.ucla.edu/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/jcws(marshall%20plan).pdf |date=2007-06-15 }}) ([http://www.polisci.ucla.edu/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/jcws(marshall%20orig).pdf text of original article on pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615143545/http://www.polisci.ucla.edu/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/jcws(marshall%20orig).pdf |date=2007-06-15 }})