Revolusi Mesir 2011: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox Civil Conflict
|title = '''Revolusi Mesir 2011'''
|partof = [[Kebangkitan dunia Arab]]
|image = [[Berkas:Tahrir Square during 8 February 2011.jpg|300px]]
|caption = Demonstrasi di [[Tahrir Square]], Kairo pada 8 Februari 2011
|date={{Start date|df=yes|2011|01|25}} – 11 February 2011<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=01|day1=25|year1=2011|month2=02|day2=11|year2=2011}})
|place = {{flag|Mesir}}
|coordinates = {{coord|30|2|N|31|13|E|region:BH_type:country|display=title,inline}}
|causes = <nowiki></nowiki>
*[[Kekejaman aparat]]<ref name="AFP-egyptbraces">{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20110125-egypt-braces-nationwide-protests|title=Egypt braces for nationwide protests|author=AFP|publisher=France24|date=25 January 2011|accessdate=29 January 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201013309/http://www.france24.com/en/20110125-egypt-braces-nationwide-protests|archivedate=2011-02-01|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*[[Hukum darurat di Mesir|Hukum darurat]]<ref name="AFP-egyptbraces" />
*[[Kecurangan pemilu]]
*Sensor politik<ref name="alarabiya-plans" />
*Korupsi<ref name="alarabiya-plans">{{Cite news|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/01/27/135207.html|title=Egypt activists plan biggest protest yet on Friday|work=[[Al Arabiya]]|date=27 January 2011|accessdate=29 January 2011}}</ref>
*[[Pengangguran|Tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi]]<ref name="tna">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenewage.co.za/8894-1007-53-Egypt_protests_a_ticking_time_bomb_Analysts|title=Egypt protests a ticking time bomb: Analysts|author=AFP|publisher=The New Age|date=27 January 2011|accessdate=29 January 2011}}</ref>
*[[inflasi|Inflasi harga bahan pokok]]<ref name="tna" />
*[[Gaji minimum]] rendah<ref name="AFP-egyptbraces" /><ref name="tna" />
*[[:en:Cliodynamics|Kliodinamika]]<ref>[[Andrey Korotayev|Korotayev A.]], Zinkina J. [http://cliodynamics.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=276&Itemid=70 Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis. ''Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar'' 13 (2011): 139–169.]</ref>
|status = Berakhir
|goals =
|concessions = <nowiki></nowiki>
*Digulingkannya [[Hosni Mubarak|Presiden Mubarak]] dan Perdana Menteri [[Ahmed Nazif|Nazif]] dan [[Ahmed Shafik|Shafik]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forexyard.com/en/news/Egypts-prime-minsiter-quits-new-govt-soon-army-2011-03-03T093300Z|title=Egypt's prime minsiter quits, new govt soon-army|publisher=Forexyard.com|accessdate=5 March 2011|archive-date=2016-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722012543/http://www.forexyard.com/en/news/Egypts-prime-minsiter-quits-new-govt-soon-army-2011-03-03T093300Z|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
*Pengambilalihan kekuasaan sementara oleh [[:en:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces|Angkatan Bersenjata]];<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110211-713327.html Egypt's Mubarak Steps Down; Military Takes Over] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215082342/http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110211-713327.html |date=2011-02-15 }}, The Wall Street Journal, 11 February 2011.</ref>
*[[Konstitusi Mesir|Konstitusi]] dibatalkan, [[Parlemen Mesir|Parlemen]] dibubarkan;<ref>{{cite news|author=Reuters|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/egypt-s-military-moves-to-dissolve-parliament-suspend-constitution-1.343140|title=Egypt's military moves to dissolve parliament, suspend constitution|newspaper=Haaretz|date=29 November 2010|accessdate=24 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215000033/http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/egypt-s-military-moves-to-dissolve-parliament-suspend-constitution-1.343140|archivedate=2011-02-15|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*[[:en:State Security Investigations Service|Badan Investigasi Keamanan Negara]] dibubarkan;<ref>{{cite news|title=Egyptian state security disbanded|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/03/20113151885983516.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=15 Mar 2011|accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref>
*[[Partai Nasional Demokratik (Mesir)|NDP]], bekas partai penguasa Mesir dibubarkan, dan asetnya disita negara.<ref>Egypt dissolves former ruling party http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/04/2011416125051889315.html</ref>
*Mubarak dan keluarganya beserta para menterinya diadili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1036/eg31.htm|title=Al-Ahram Weekly | Egypt | How the mighty have fallen|publisher=Weekly.ahram.org.eg|date=2 February 2011|accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="Detention">{{cite news|url= http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/14/world/middleeast/14egypt.html?_r=1|title= Prosecutors Order Mubarak and Sons Held|work=The New York Times|date=13 March 2011|accessdate=13 April 2011|first1=David D.|last1=Kirkpatrick|first2=Liam|last2=Stack}}</ref><ref name="reutersmurdercharges">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/24/us-egypt-mubarak-idUSTRE74N3LG20110524|title=Mubarak to be tried for murder of protesters|agency=Reuters|date=24 May 2011|accessdate=24 May 2011|archive-date=2011-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531105100/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/24/us-egypt-mubarak-idUSTRE74N3LG20110524|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|methods = <nowiki></nowiki>
*[[Pembangkangan sipil]]
*[[Pemberontakan sipil]]
*[[Demonstrasi]]
*[[Huru-hara]]
*Aksi mogok
*[[:en:Self-immolation|Aksi bakar diri]]
*[[Aktivisme internet]]
|side1 = <!-- [[:en:6 April Youth Movement]], [[Persaudaraan Muslim]], [[Kefaya]] -->
|side2 = <!-- [[Partai Nasional Demokratik (Mesir)|Partai Nasional Demokratik]], [[Central Security Forces]] police, [[State Security Intelligence]] -->
|side3 =
|leadfigures1 = <!-- Non-centralized leadership
*[[Mohamed ElBaradei]]
*[[Asmaa Mahfouz]] founder of [[6 April Youth Movement]]
*[[Alaa Al Aswany]]
*[[Wael Ghonim]] -->
|leadfigures2 = <!-- [[File:Presidential_Standard_of_Egypt.svg|22px]] Presiden [[Hosni Mubarak|Mubarak]]
*Wakil Presiden[[Omar Suleiman]]
*Perdana Menteri [[Ahmed Shafik]]
*Menteri Dalam Negeri [[Habib el-Adly]] -->
|leadfigures3 =
|howmany1 =
|howmany2 =
|howmany3 = <table class="infobox" style="width:100%; margin:0; padding:0; border:0">
<tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Protesters<p class="white space fix" style="color:transparent">Characteristics</p></th><td>2 juta di [[Lapangan Tahrir]], [[Kairo]]<ref name="Cnewsworld.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnewsworld.com/world-news/middle-east-world-news/estimated-2-million-people-protest-in-_-around-tahrir-square-in-cairo-egypt-mp4/|title=Estimated 2 Million People Protest In _ Around Tahrir Square In Cairo Egypt.mp4 | Current News World Web Source for News and Information|publisher=Cnewsworld.com|accessdate=20 February 2011|archive-date=2011-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218084113/http://www.cnewsworld.com/world-news/middle-east-world-news/estimated-2-million-people-protest-in-_-around-tahrir-square-in-cairo-egypt-mp4/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br />
750,000 di [[Alexandria]]<!--{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}--><br />
1 juta di [[Mansoura, Egypt|Mansoura]]<!--{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}--><br /><small>''dan lainnya''</small></td></tr></table>
|casualties1 =
|casualties2 =
|casualties3 = <table class="infobox" style="width:100%; margin:0; padding:0; border:0"><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Korban tewas<p class="white space fix" style="color:transparent"></p></th><td>846<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/government-fact-finding-mission-shows-846-killed-in-egypt-uprising-1.356885|title=846 killed in Egypt uprising|date=20 April 2011|accessdate=20 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420102838/http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/government-fact-finding-mission-shows-846-killed-in-egypt-uprising-1.356885|archivedate=2011-04-20|dead-url=no}}</ref> (termasuk paling sedikit 135 pemrotes, 12 polisi,<ref name="reuterslive">{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704740204576273071880564288.html?mod=fox_australian|title=Unrest in Egypt|accessdate=20 April 2011|date=20 April 2011|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref name="BBC News">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11777943|title=Egypt: Mubarak Sacks Cabinet and Defends Security Role|work=BBC News |date=29 January 2011|accessdate=29 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="guardianlive">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2011/jan/26/egypt-protests#block-11|title=Protests in Egypt – As It Happened (Live Blog)|date=26 January 2011|accessdate=26 January 2011|work=The Guardian|location=UK|first1=Haroon|last1=Siddique|first2=Paul|last2=Owen|first3=Jonathan|last3=Haynes|first4=Adam|last4=Gabbatt}}</ref> 189 tahanan,<ref>{{cite news|title=Amnesty: Egypt far from justice over unrest that killed more than 800|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/05/19/egypt.revolution.report/index.html?hpt=T2|accessdate=19 May 2011|19 May 2011|publisher=CNN|date=11 May 2011}}</ref> dan satu kepala penjara)<ref>{{cite news|last=News Service|first=Indo-Asian|title=10 killed as protesters storm Cairo building|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/10-killed-as-protesters-storm-Cairo-building/Article1-656402.aspx|accessdate=30 January 2011|work=Hindustan Times|location=India|date=30 January 2011|archive-date=2011-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209101828/http://www.hindustantimes.com/10-killed-as-protesters-storm-Cairo-building/Article1-656402.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|author=Davies, Wyre|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12331520|title=Egypt Unrest: Protesters Hold Huge Cairo Demonstration|work=BBC News |accessdate=1 February 2011|date=1 February 2011}}</ref>''
</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Terluka</th><td>6,467 orang<ref name="casualty figures">{{cite web|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/326562|title=Egypt’s revolution death toll rises to 384|publisher=Al Masry Al Youm|date=22 February 2011|accessdate=22 February 2011}}</ref></td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Ditangkap</th><td>12,000<ref>http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/egypts-army-fails-to-grasp-the-post-mubarak-realities</ref><!--we don't know the actual number, some escaped and some died and no updated ref--></td></tr></table>
|casualties_label =
|notes =
}}'''Revolusi Mesir 2011''', juga dikenal sebagai '''revolusi''' '''25 January''' ({{lang-ar|ثورة ٢٥ يناير}}; {{transliteration|ar|''Thawrat khamsa wa-ʿišrūn yanāyir''}}),<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/01/28/egypt.press.club/index.html?eref=edition_africa Egyptian-American leaders call for U.S. support of 'Lotus Revolution' – CNN.com]. Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-06.</ref> bermula sejak 25 Januari 2011 dan meluas di penjuru [[Mesir]]. Berbagai kelompok pemuda turun ke jalan pada tanggal tersebut yang merupakan Hari Polisi sebagai pernyataan menentang [[kebrutalan polisi]] yang semakin meningkat selama beberapa tahun terakhir kepresidenan Hosni Mubarak. Aksi protes meliputi demonstrasi, aksi damai, pendudukan alun-alun, perlawanan sipil non-kekerasan, tindakan pembangkangan sipil, dan mogok. Jutaan pengunjuk rasa dari berbagai latar belakang sosial-ekonomi dan agama menuntut penggulingan Presiden Hosni Mubarak. Bentrokan kekerasan antara aparat keamanan dan pengunjuk rasa mengakibatkan banyak korban, dengan setidaknya 846 orang tewas dan lebih dari 6.000 orang terluka.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=2012-01-24|title=Was the Egyptian revolution really non-violent?|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/was-egyptian-revolution-really-non-violent|access-date=2013-03-25|newspaper=Egypt Independent}}</ref> Pengunjuk rasa membakar lebih dari 90 kantor polisi sebagai aksi balasan.<ref name=":0" />
Keluhan para pengunjuk rasa Mesir berfokus pada masalah hukum dan politik,<ref>{{cite web|date=27 January 2011|title=Q&A: What's Behind the Unrest?|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2011/01/27/qa-whats-behind-unrest|publisher=SBS|access-date=29 January 2011}}</ref> termasuk kebrutalan polisi, [[Keadaan darurat|hukum keadaan darurat]], kurangnya [[kebebasan politik]], kebebasan sipil, [[kebebasan berbicara]], korupsi,<ref name="alarabiya-plans" /> tingginya pengangguran,<ref name="AFP-egyptbraces" /> inflasi bahan makanan,<ref name="tna" /> dan upah rendah.<ref name="AFP-egyptbraces" /><ref name="tna" /> Tuntutan utama para pengunjuk rasa adalah berakhirnya rezim Mubarak. Serikat buruh juga melakukan mogok untuk menekan pemerintah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trade unions: the revolutionary social network at play in Egypt and Tunisia|url=http://www.defenddemocracy.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11792083&Itemid=347|publisher=Defenddemocracy.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213094954/http://www.defenddemocracy.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11792083&Itemid=347|archive-date=13 February 2011|access-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Selama revolusi, situasi di ibu kota, [[Kairo]] digambarkan sebagai "kawasan perang",<ref>{{cite news|last1=Siddique|first1=Haroon|last2=Owen|first2=Paul|last3=Gabbatt|first3=Adam|date=25 January 2011|title=Protests in Egypt and unrest in Middle East – as it happened|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/blog/2011/jan/25/middleeast-tunisia#block-32|work=The Guardian|location=UK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126050109/http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/blog/2011/jan/25/middleeast-tunisia|archive-date=26 January 2011|access-date=26 January 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> dan kota pelabuhan [[Suez]] menjadi tempat seringnya bentrokan kekerasan. Para pengunjuk rasa menolak jam malam yang diberlakukan pemerintah dan aparat keamanan tidak berdaya menegakkan aturan tersebut. Pasukan Keamanan Pusat Mesir yang setia kepada Mubarak digantikan secara bertahap oleh pasukan militer. Dalam kondisi kekacauan, terjadi aksi penjarahan oleh perusuh yang dihasut (menurut sumber oposisi) oleh petugas polisi berpakaian preman.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fleishman|first=Jeffrey and Edmund Sanders (Los Angeles Times)|date=29 January 2011|title=Unease in Egypt as police replaced by army, neighbors band against looters|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2014078461_egypt30.html|newspaper=The Seattle Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201071852/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2014078461_egypt30.html|archive-date=1 February 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 January 2011|title=Looting spreads in Egyptian cities|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/01/2011129175926266521.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131072424/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/01/2011129175926266521.html|archive-date=31 January 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hauslohner|first=Abigail|date=29 January 2011|title=The Army's OK with the Protesters, for now|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2045124,00.html#ixzz1CfroWYuj|newspaper=Time|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131222033/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2045124,00.html|archive-date=31 January 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=31 January 2011|title=Mubarak plays last card, the army; Police vanish|url=http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2011/me_egypt0078_01_31.asp|newspaper=World Tribune (online)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201231440/http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2011/me_egypt0078_01_31.asp|archive-date=1 February 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Stirewalt|first=Chris|date=31 January 2011|title=Egypt: From Police State to Military Rule|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/01/31/egypt-police-state-military-rule/|publisher=Fox News Channel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201053106/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/01/31/egypt-police-state-military-rule/|archive-date=1 February 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Lihat juga ==
Baris 9 ⟶ 73:
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Egypt-Protests-Against-Mubarak-Regime-Likely-In-Test-Of-Domino-Effect-Theory-After-Tunisia-Uprising/Article/201101415909748?lpos=World_News_Top_Stories_Header_3&lid=ARTICLE_15909748_Egypt%3A_Protests_Against_Mubarak_Regime_Likely_In_Test_Of_Domino_Effect_Theory_After_Tunisia_Uprising Egypt: Protest Against 'Repressive' Mubarak]
{{Mesir-stub}}
[[Kategori:Mesir dalam tahun 2011]]
[[Kategori:Revolusi]]
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