Revolusi Mesir 2011: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Civil Conflict
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*[[Kekejaman aparat]]<ref name="AFP-egyptbraces">{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20110125-egypt-braces-nationwide-protests|title=Egypt braces for nationwide protests|author=AFP|publisher=France24|date=25 January 2011|accessdate=29 January 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201013309/http://www.france24.com/en/20110125-egypt-braces-nationwide-protests|archivedate=2011-02-01|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*[[Hukum darurat di Mesir|Hukum darurat]]<ref name="AFP-egyptbraces" />
*[[Kecurangan pemilu]]
*Sensor politik<ref name="alarabiya-plans" />
*Korupsi<ref name="alarabiya-plans">{{Cite news|
*[[Pengangguran|Tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi]]<ref name="tna">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenewage.co.za/8894-1007-53-Egypt_protests_a_ticking_time_bomb_Analysts|title=Egypt protests a ticking time bomb: Analysts|author=AFP|publisher=The New Age|date=27 January 2011|accessdate=29 January 2011}}</ref>
*[[inflasi|Inflasi harga bahan pokok]]<ref name="tna" />
*[[Gaji minimum]] rendah<ref name="AFP-egyptbraces" /><ref name="tna" />
*[[:en:Cliodynamics|Kliodinamika]]<ref>[[Andrey Korotayev|Korotayev A.]], Zinkina J. [http://cliodynamics.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=276&Itemid=70 Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis. ''Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar'' 13 (2011): 139–169.]</ref>
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*Digulingkannya [[Hosni Mubarak|Presiden Mubarak]] dan Perdana Menteri [[Ahmed Nazif|Nazif]]
*Pengambilalihan kekuasaan sementara oleh [[:en:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces|Angkatan Bersenjata]];<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110211-713327.html Egypt's Mubarak Steps Down; Military Takes Over] {{
*[[Konstitusi Mesir|Konstitusi]] dibatalkan, [[Parlemen Mesir|Parlemen]] dibubarkan;<ref>{{cite news|author=Reuters|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/egypt-s-military-moves-to-dissolve-parliament-suspend-constitution-1.343140|title=Egypt's military moves to dissolve parliament, suspend constitution|newspaper=Haaretz|date=29 November 2010|accessdate=24 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215000033/http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/egypt-s-military-moves-to-dissolve-parliament-suspend-constitution-1.343140|archivedate=2011-02-15|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*[[:en:State Security Investigations Service|Badan Investigasi Keamanan Negara]] dibubarkan;<ref>{{cite news
*[[Partai Nasional Demokratik (Mesir)|NDP]], bekas partai penguasa Mesir dibubarkan, dan asetnya disita negara.<ref>Egypt dissolves former ruling party http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/04/2011416125051889315.html</ref>
*Mubarak dan keluarganya beserta para menterinya diadili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1036/eg31.htm
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*[[Pembangkangan sipil]]
*[[Pemberontakan sipil]]
*[[Demonstrasi]]
Baris 35 ⟶ 34:
*[[:en:Self-immolation|Aksi bakar diri]]
*[[Aktivisme internet]]
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*[[Mohamed ElBaradei]]
*[[Asmaa Mahfouz]] founder of [[6 April Youth Movement]]
*[[Alaa Al Aswany]]
*[[Wael Ghonim]] -->
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*Wakil Presiden[[Omar Suleiman]]
*Perdana Menteri [[Ahmed Shafik]]
*Menteri Dalam Negeri [[Habib el-Adly]] -->
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<tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Protesters<p class="white space fix" style="color:transparent">Characteristics</p></th><td>2 juta di [[Lapangan Tahrir]], [[Kairo]]<ref name="Cnewsworld.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnewsworld.com/world-news/middle-east-world-news/estimated-2-million-people-protest-in-_-around-tahrir-square-in-cairo-egypt-mp4/
750,000 di [[Alexandria]]<!--{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}--><br />
1 juta di [[Mansoura, Egypt|Mansoura]]<!--{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}--><br /><small>''dan lainnya''</small></td></tr></table>
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</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Terluka</th><td>6,467 orang<ref name="casualty figures">{{cite web
<tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Ditangkap</th><td>12,000<ref>http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/egypts-army-fails-to-grasp-the-post-mubarak-realities</ref><!--we don't know the actual number, some escaped and some died and no updated ref--></td></tr></table>
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}}'''Revolusi Mesir 2011''', juga dikenal sebagai '''revolusi''' '''25 January''' ({{lang-ar|ثورة ٢٥ يناير}}; {{transliteration|ar|''Thawrat khamsa wa-ʿišrūn yanāyir''}}),<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/01/28/egypt.press.club/index.html?eref=edition_africa Egyptian-American leaders call for U.S. support of 'Lotus Revolution' – CNN.com]. Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-06.</ref> bermula sejak 25 Januari 2011 dan meluas di penjuru [[Mesir]]. Berbagai kelompok pemuda turun ke jalan pada tanggal tersebut yang merupakan Hari Polisi sebagai pernyataan menentang [[kebrutalan polisi]] yang semakin meningkat selama beberapa tahun terakhir kepresidenan Hosni Mubarak. Aksi protes meliputi demonstrasi, aksi damai, pendudukan alun-alun, perlawanan sipil non-kekerasan, tindakan pembangkangan sipil, dan mogok. Jutaan pengunjuk rasa dari berbagai latar belakang sosial-ekonomi dan agama menuntut penggulingan Presiden Hosni Mubarak. Bentrokan kekerasan antara aparat keamanan dan pengunjuk rasa mengakibatkan banyak korban, dengan setidaknya 846 orang tewas dan lebih dari 6.000 orang terluka.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=2012-01-24|title=Was the Egyptian revolution really non-violent?|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/was-egyptian-revolution-really-non-violent|access-date=2013-03-25|newspaper=Egypt Independent}}</ref> Pengunjuk rasa membakar lebih dari 90 kantor polisi sebagai aksi balasan.<ref name=":0" />
Keluhan para pengunjuk rasa Mesir berfokus pada masalah hukum dan politik,<ref>{{cite web|date=27 January 2011|title=Q&A: What's Behind the Unrest?|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2011/01/27/qa-whats-behind-unrest|publisher=SBS|access-date=29 January 2011}}</ref> termasuk kebrutalan polisi, [[Keadaan darurat|hukum keadaan darurat]], kurangnya [[kebebasan politik]], kebebasan sipil, [[kebebasan berbicara]], korupsi,<ref name="alarabiya-plans" /> tingginya pengangguran,<ref name="AFP-egyptbraces" /> inflasi bahan makanan,<ref name="tna" /> dan upah rendah.<ref name="AFP-egyptbraces" /><ref name="tna" /> Tuntutan utama para pengunjuk rasa adalah berakhirnya rezim Mubarak. Serikat buruh juga melakukan mogok untuk menekan pemerintah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trade unions: the revolutionary social network at play in Egypt and Tunisia|url=http://www.defenddemocracy.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11792083&Itemid=347|publisher=Defenddemocracy.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213094954/http://www.defenddemocracy.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11792083&Itemid=347|archive-date=13 February 2011|access-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Selama revolusi, situasi di ibu kota, [[Kairo]] digambarkan sebagai "kawasan perang",<ref>{{cite news|last1=Siddique|first1=Haroon|last2=Owen|first2=Paul|last3=Gabbatt|first3=Adam|date=25 January 2011|title=Protests in Egypt and unrest in Middle East – as it happened|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/blog/2011/jan/25/middleeast-tunisia#block-32|work=The Guardian|location=UK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126050109/http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/blog/2011/jan/25/middleeast-tunisia|archive-date=26 January 2011|access-date=26 January 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> dan kota pelabuhan [[Suez]] menjadi tempat seringnya bentrokan kekerasan. Para pengunjuk rasa menolak jam malam yang diberlakukan pemerintah dan aparat keamanan tidak berdaya menegakkan aturan tersebut. Pasukan Keamanan Pusat Mesir yang setia kepada Mubarak digantikan secara bertahap oleh pasukan militer. Dalam kondisi kekacauan, terjadi aksi penjarahan oleh perusuh yang dihasut (menurut sumber oposisi) oleh petugas polisi berpakaian preman.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fleishman|first=Jeffrey and Edmund Sanders (Los Angeles Times)|date=29 January 2011|title=Unease in Egypt as police replaced by army, neighbors band against looters|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2014078461_egypt30.html|newspaper=The Seattle Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201071852/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2014078461_egypt30.html|archive-date=1 February 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 January 2011|title=Looting spreads in Egyptian cities|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/01/2011129175926266521.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131072424/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/01/2011129175926266521.html|archive-date=31 January 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hauslohner|first=Abigail|date=29 January 2011|title=The Army's OK with the Protesters, for now|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2045124,00.html#ixzz1CfroWYuj|newspaper=Time|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131222033/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2045124,00.html|archive-date=31 January 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=31 January 2011|title=Mubarak plays last card, the army; Police vanish|url=http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2011/me_egypt0078_01_31.asp|newspaper=World Tribune (online)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201231440/http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2011/me_egypt0078_01_31.asp|archive-date=1 February 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Stirewalt|first=Chris|date=31 January 2011|title=Egypt: From Police State to Military Rule|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/01/31/egypt-police-state-military-rule/|publisher=Fox News Channel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201053106/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/01/31/egypt-police-state-military-rule/|archive-date=1 February 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Lihat juga ==
Baris 74 ⟶ 73:
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Egypt-Protests-Against-Mubarak-Regime-Likely-In-Test-Of-Domino-Effect-Theory-After-Tunisia-Uprising/Article/201101415909748?lpos=World_News_Top_Stories_Header_3&lid=ARTICLE_15909748_Egypt%3A_Protests_Against_Mubarak_Regime_Likely_In_Test_Of_Domino_Effect_Theory_After_Tunisia_Uprising Egypt: Protest Against 'Repressive' Mubarak]
{{Mesir-stub}}
[[Kategori:Mesir dalam tahun 2011]]
[[Kategori:Revolusi]]
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