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{{Infobox anatomy
| Name = Saraf
| Latin = nervus
| Image = Nerves of the left upper extremity.gif
| Caption = Saraf (kuning) di lengan
}}
'''Saraf''' adalah [[serat]]-serat yang menghubungkan [[organ|organ-organ]] tubuh dengan [[sistem saraf pusat]] (yakni [[otak]] dan [[sumsum]] [[tulang belakang]]) dan antar bagian sistem saraf dengan lainnya. Saraf membawa [[impuls]] dari dan ke otak atau pusat saraf.
[[Neuron]] kadang disebut sebagai ''[[sel|sel-sel]] saraf'', meski istilah ini sebenarnya kurang tepat karena banyak sekali [[neuron]] yang tidak membentuk saraf.
Saraf adalah bagian dari [[sistem saraf periferal]]. [[Saraf aferen]] membawa [[sinyal sensorik]] ke sistem saraf pusat, sedangkan [[saraf eferen]] membawa sinyal dari sistem saraf pusat ke [[otot|otot-otot]] dan [[kelenjar|kelenjar-kelanjar]]. [[Sinyal]] tersebut sering kali disebut [[impuls saraf]], atau disebut [[potensial akson]].
Sistem saraf terdiri dari dua tipe umum, pertama itu difus dan kedua terpusat. Dalam sistem tipe difus, ditemukan pada invertebrata yang lebih rendah dan didistribusikan ke seluruh organisme dalam pola mirip jaring. Dalam sistem terpusat dari invertebrata dan vertebrata yang lebih tinggi, sebagian dari sistem saraf memiliki peran dominan dalam mengoordinasikan informasi dan mengarahkan respons. [[Sentralisasi]] ini mencapai puncaknya pada [[vertebrata]], yang memiliki otak dan sumsum tulang belakang yang berkembang dengan baik. Impuls dibawa ke dan dari otak dan sumsum tulang belakang oleh serabut saraf yang membentuk sistem saraf tepi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=nervous system {{!}} Definition, Function, Structure, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/nervous-system|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2021-04-26|archive-date=2015-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024640/https://www.britannica.com/science/nervous-system|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Sistem saraf]]
* [[Sindrom lorong karpal]]
* [[Ganglion]]
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}{{Empty section}}
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Nervous_system Nervous system] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507230450/http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Nervous_system |date=2023-05-07 }} William E. Skaggs, [[Scholarpedia]]
* {{cite book
| last = Bear | first = M. F.
|author2=B. W. Connors |author3=M. A. Paradiso
| title = Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
| location = Philadelphia | publisher = Lippincott
| date = 2006
| edition = 3rd
| isbn = 0-7817-6003-8
}}
* {{cite book
| editor = Binder, Marc D.
| editor2 = Hirokawa, Nobutaka
| editor3 = Windhorst, Uwe
| title = Encyclopedia of Neuroscience
| publisher = Springer
| date = 2009
| isbn = 978-3-540-23735-8
| url = http://www.springer.com/biomed/neuroscience/book/978-3-540-23735-8
| access-date = 2023-05-21
| archive-date = 2015-02-17
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150217064243/http://www.springer.com/biomed/neuroscience/book/978-3-540-23735-8
| dead-url = no
}}
* {{cite book
| authorlink = Eric R. Kandel | last = Kandel | first = ER
|author2=Schwartz JH |author3=Jessell TM
| title = [[Principles of Neural Science]]
| edition = 5th
| publisher = McGraw-Hill | location = New York
| date = 2012
| isbn = 0-8385-7701-6
}}
* Squire, L. ''et al.'' (2012). ''Fundamental Neuroscience, 4th edition''. [[Academic Press]]; ISBN 0-12-660303-0
* {{cite book
| last =Andreasen
| first =Nancy C.
| authorlink =Nancy_C._Andreasen
| title =Brave New Brain: Conquering Mental Illness in the Era of the Genome
| publisher =Oxford University Press
| date =March 4, 2004
| url =http://www.oup.com/uk/catalogue/?ci=9780195145090
| isbn =978-0-19-514509-0
| access-date =2016-09-03
| archive-date =2007-02-24
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070224204400/http://www.oup.com/uk/catalogue/?ci=9780195145090
| dead-url =yes
}}
* Damasio, A. R. (1994). ''Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. '' New York, [[Avon (publishers)|Avon Books]]. ISBN 0-399-13894-3 (Hardcover) ISBN 0-380-72647-5 (Paperback)
* Gardner, H. (1976). ''The Shattered Mind: The Person After Brain Damage. '' New York, [[Random House|Vintage Books]], 1976 ISBN 0-394-71946-8
* Goldstein, K. (2000). ''The Organism. '' New York, Zone Books. ISBN 0-942299-96-5 (Hardcover) ISBN 0-942299-97-3 (Paperback)
* {{cite book
| last =Lauwereyns
| first =Jan
| authorlink =Jan_Lauwereyns
| title =The Anatomy of Bias: How Neural Circuits Weigh the Options
| publisher =The MIT Press
| date =February 2010
| location =Cambridge, Massachusetts
| url =https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262123105
| isbn =0-262-12310-X
| access-date =2023-05-21
| archive-date =2020-03-10
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200310000741/https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262123105
| dead-url =no
}}
{{Refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Nerves}}
{{Library resources box
|by=no
|onlinebooks=no
|others=no
|about=yes
|label=Saraf}}
* [http://www.aanem.org/practiceissues/recPolicy/listofNerves.cfm Daftar saraf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707093632/http://www.aanem.org/practiceissues/recPolicy/listofNerves.cfm |date=2010-07-07 }}
* {{Wikibooks-inline|Human Physiology|The Nervous System}} (manusia)
* {{Wikibooks-inline|Anatomy and Physiology of Animals|Nervous System}} (bukan-manusia)
* [http://www.thehumanbrainproject.org The Human Brain Project Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708165531/http://thehumanbrainproject.org/ |date=2017-07-08 }}
{{sistem saraf}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Sistem saraf]]
[[Kategori:Anatomi]]
[[Kategori:Fisiologi manusia]]
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