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{{about|perusahaan teknik asal Jerman|bekas kerja sama Fujitsu-Siemens|Fujitsu Siemens Computers|kegunaan lain||}}
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{{Tone|date=April 2020}}
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{{short description|Konglomerat multinasional asal Jerman}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Siemens AG
| logo = Siemens AG logo.svg
| image = Siemens München Martinstr.jpg
| image_caption = Kantor pusat di Munich, Jerman
| type = [[Perusahaan publik|Publik]]
| traded_as = {{FWB|SIE}}<br />Komponen [[DAX]]
| predecessors = [[A. Reyrolle & Company]]<br />[[Siemens-Schuckert]]<br />[[Siemens-Reiniger-Werke]]
| founder = [[Werner von Siemens]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1847|10|01}}<br />[[Berlin]], [[Kerajaan Prusia]]
| location = [[Munich]], Jerman<ref>[https://new.siemens.com/global/en/general/legal.html "Corporate Information"], ''Siemens Aktiengesellschaft''.</ref>
| area_served = Seluruh dunia
| key_people = [[Jim Hagemann Snabe]]<br>{{small|(Chairman)}}<br>[[Roland Busch]]<br>{{small|(CEO)}}
| industry = [[Konglomerat (perusahaan)|Konglomerat]]
| products = Teknologi [[pembangkitan listrik]], [[otomasi]] industri dan bangunan, [[teknologi medis]], [[Kereta api|kendaraan rel]], sistem [[pengolahan air]], [[alarm kebakaran]], [[Siemens PLM Software|perangkat lunak PLM]]
| services = [[Sektor tersier|Layanan bisnis]], [[pembiayaan]], serta [[konstruksi]] dan [[rekayasa proyek]]
| revenue = {{Decrease}} €57,139 milyar (2020)<ref name="FY2020">{{cite web |title=Earnings Release FY20|url=https://press.siemens.com/global/en/pressrelease/earnings-release-and-financial-results-q4-fy-2020 |access-date=7 March 2021 |publisher=Siemens}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{Decrease}} €5,672 milyar (2020)<ref name="FY2020" />
| net_income = {{Decrease}} €4,2 milyar (2020)<ref name="FY2020" />
| assets = {{Decrease}} €123,897 milyar (2020)<ref name="FY2020" />
| equity = {{Decrease}} €39,823 milyar (2020)<ref name="FY2020" />
| num_employees = 293.000(2020)<ref name="FY2020" />
| divisions = {{hlist|Infrastuktur Cerdas|Listrik dan Gas|Industri Digital|[[Siemens Healthineers|Healthineers]]|[[Siemens Mobility]]|[[Siemens Gamesa]]|Layanan [[IoT]]|Next 47|[[Siemens Financial Services]]
}}
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.siemens.com/}}
}}
'''Siemens AG''' ({{IPA-de|ˈziːməns}}<ref>{{cite book |author1=Dudenredaktion |last2=Kleiner |first2=Stefan |last3=Knöbl |first3=Ralf |year=2015|orig-year=First published 1962 |title=Das Aussprachewörterbuch|trans-title=The Pronunciation Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6vWCgAAQBAJ |language=de |edition=7th |location=Berlin |publisher=Dudenverlag |isbn=978-3-411-04067-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Krech |first1=Eva-Maria |last2=Stock |first2=Eberhard |last3=Hirschfeld |first3=Ursula |last4=Anders |first4=Lutz Christian |title=Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch|trans-title=German Pronunciation Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E-1tr_oVkW4C&q=deutsches+ausspracheworterbuch |language=de |year=2009 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-11-018202-6}}</ref><ref name="LPD">{{cite book |last=Wells |first=John C. |year=2008 |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXFAngEACAAJ&q=longman+pronunciation+dictionary |edition=3rd |publisher=Longman |isbn=9781405881180}}</ref> {{small|atau}} {{IPA-de|-mɛns|}}<ref name="LPD"/>) adalah sebuah [[Konglomerat (perusahaan)|konglomerat]] [[Perusahaan multinasional|multinasional]] yang berkantor pusat di [[Munich]], Jerman, dan merupakan perusahaan manufaktur industri terbesar di Eropa,<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-07/siemens-expects-2020-decline-in-some-businesses-amid-car-slump |title=Siemens Quarterly Profit Surge Comes With Cautious Outlook |last=Sachgau |first=Oliver |website=Bloomberg|access-date=7 November 2019}}</ref> dengan kantor cabangnya tersebar di seluruh dunia.
Divisi utama dari perusahaan ini adalah ''Industri'', ''Energi'', ''Perawatan Kesehatan'' ([[Siemens Healthineers]]), dan ''Infrastruktur & Kota''.<ref>AuntMinnie.com. [http://www.auntminnie.com/index.aspx?sec=ser&sub=def&pag=dis&ItemID=114123 "Siemens Healthcare now known as Siemens Healthineers"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604034850/http://www.auntminnie.com/index.aspx?sec=ser&sub=def&pag=dis&ItemID=114123 |date=4 June 2016 }}, AuntMinnie.com, 4 May 2016. Retrieved on 12 May 2016.</ref><ref>Reuters. [https://www.reuters.com/article/siemens-healthcare-rebrand-idUSL5N1817LM "Siemens healthcare rebrands as 'Healthineers'"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507112040/https://www.reuters.com/article/siemens-healthcare-rebrand-idUSL5N1817LM |date=7 May 2016 }}, ''Reuters'', 4 May 2016. Retrieved on 12 May 2016.</ref><ref>Siemens Corporate Website. [http://www.healthcare.siemens.com/news/siemens-healthineers-name-change.html "Siemens Healthcare Becomes Siemens Healthineers"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508132139/http://www.healthcare.siemens.com/news/siemens-healthineers-name-change.html |date=8 May 2016 }}, ''Siemens'', 4 May 2016. Retrieved on 12 May 2016.</ref> Perusahaan ini merupakan produsen peralatan diagnostik medis terkemuka, dan divisi perawatan kesehatannya, yang menyumbang sekitar 12% dari total penjualannya, merupakan unit bisnis dengan laba terbesar kedua, setelah divisi otomasi industri. Perusahaan ini merupakan salah satu komponen dari [[indeks pasar saham]] [[Euro Stoxx 50]].<ref>[http://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/en/equities/indices/euro+stoxx+50+EU0009658145/constituents Frankfurt Stock Exchange] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119171222/http://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/en/equities/indices/euro%2Bstoxx%2B50%2BEU0009658145/constituents |date=19 November 2015 }}</ref> Siemens dan anak usahanya mempekerjakan sekitar 385.000 orang di seluruh dunia dan mencatatkan pendapatan sekitar €87 milyar pada tahun 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/266153/revenue-of-siemens-ag/|title=Siemens AG - revenue through 2019|website=Statista|language=en|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref>
==Sejarah==
===1847 - 1901===
[[File:Wvs 1885.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|[[Werner von Siemens]], salah satu pendiri [[Siemens & Halske]].]]
[[Siemens & Halske]] didirikan oleh [[Werner von Siemens]] dan [[Johann Georg Halske]] pada tanggal 1 Oktober 1847. Didasarkan pada [[telegraf]], ciptaan mereka menggunakan jarum untuk menunjuk urutan huruf, bukan mengunakan [[kode Morse]]. Perusahaan yang kemudian diberi nama ''Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske'' tersebut lalu membuka workshop pertamanya pada tanggal 12 Oktober 1847.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/the-year-is-1847.html |title=The year is 1847 – How it all began", Siemens Historical Institute |publisher=Siemens AG |access-date=27 October 2019 |archive-date=2020-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211154421/https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/the-year-is-1847.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Pada tahun 1848, Siemens & Halske membangun jalur telegraf jarak jauh pertama di Eropa, yakni sepanjang 500 km dari Berlin ke [[Frankfurt am Main]]. Pada tahun 1850, adik Werner von Siemens, Carl Wilhelm Siemens, kemudian [[Carl Wilhelm Siemens|Sir William Siemens]], mulai mewakili Siemens & Halske di London. [[Siemens Brothers|Agen di London]] kemudian menjadi kantor cabang pada tahun 1858. Pada dekade 1850-an, Siemens & Halske terlibat dalam pembangunan jaringan telegraf jarak jauh di Rusia. Pada tahun 1855, Siemens & Halske membuka kantor cabang di [[St Petersburg]], Rusia, dengan dipimpin oleh adik Werner von Siemens yang lain, yakni [[Carl Heinrich von Siemens]]. Pada tahun 1867, Siemens menyelesaikan pembangunan jalur [[telegraf Indo-Eropa]] sepanjang lebih dari 11.000 km dari [[London]] ke [[Kolkata|Calcutta]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news.html |title=Halfway around the world in 28 minutes – Indo-European Telegraph Line |website=Siemens Historical Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120233553/http://w4.siemens.de/archiv/en/laender/asien/indien.html |archive-date=20 January 2008|url-status=dead |access-date=12 January 2008}}</ref>
[[File:First electric locomotive, built in 1879 by Werner von Siemens.jpg|thumb|upright=1.05|[[Lokomotif listrik]] pertama, dibuat pada tahun 1879 oleh Werner von Siemens.]]
Pada tahun 1867, Werner von Siemens menciptakan sebuah [[dinamo]] tanpa magnet permanen.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/dynamo-machine.html |title=Electrification of the world – Werner von Siemens and the dynamoelectric principle |website=Siemens Historical Institute |language=en |access-date=5 June 2019 |archive-date=2020-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920023548/https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/dynamo-machine.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sistem serupa juga diciptakan oleh [[Ányos Jedlik]] dan [[Charles Wheatstone]], namun Siemens menjadi perusahaan pertama yang memproduksi peralatan seperti itu. Pada tahun 1881, sebuah [[alternator]] [[arus bolak-balik|AC]] buatan Siemens yang ditenagai oleh sebuah [[kincir air]], digunakan untuk menyalakan lampu listrik jalanan pertama di dunia, di [[Godalming]], Britania Raya. Perusahaan ini pun terus tumbuh dan berekspansi ke [[lokomotif listrik|kereta rel listrik]] dan [[lampu]]. Pada tahun 1887, perusahaan ini membuka kantor pertamanya di Jepang.<ref>Siemens website [http://www.siemens.com/history/en/news/1125_japan.htm 1 August 2012 – 125 Years Siemens in Japan (1887–2012)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305014307/http://www.siemens.com/history/en/news/1125_japan.htm |date=5 March 2016 }} Retrieved on 12 August 2013</ref> Pada tahun 1890, Werner von Siemens pensiun dan operasional perusahaan inipun diserahkan ke saudaranya, Carl serta anaknya, Arnold dan Wilhelm.
===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1985-0607-500, Ernst Udet in Flugzeug "Flamingo".jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.05|Perusahaan ini juga membuat pesawat terbang selama [[Perang Dunia I]], salah satunya pesawat terbang ini pada tahun 1926.]]
Siemens & Halske (S & H) didirikan pada tahun 1897, dan kemudian menggabungkan sejumlah bisnisnya dengan Schuckert & Co., Nuremberg pada tahun 1903 untuk membentuk [[Siemens-Schuckert]]. Pada tahun 1907, Siemens ([[Siemens & Halske]] dan [[Siemens-Schuckert]]) mempekerjakan 34.324 orang, sehingga menjadi perusahaan dengan jumlah pekerja terbanyak ketujuh di Kekaisaran Jerman.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fiedler |first=Martin |year=1999 |title=Die 100 größten Unternehmen in Deutschland – nach der Zahl ihrer Beschäftigten – 1907, 1938, 1973 und 1995 |journal=Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte |publisher=Verlag C.H. Beck |location=[[Munich]] |volume=1 |pages=32–66 |doi=10.1515/zug-1999-0104 |s2cid=165110552 |language=de}}</ref> (lihat [[Daftar perusahaan di Jerman berdasarkan pekerja pada tahun 1907]])
Pada tahun 1919, S & H bersama dua perusahaan lain membentuk sebuah produsen [[lampu]] bernama [[Osram]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/siemens-and-osram.html |title=Shining bright – The interlinked history of Siemens and OSRAM |website=Siemens Historical Institute |language=en |access-date=5 June 2019 |archive-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930061207/https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/siemens-and-osram.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:OldSiemensposter.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Iklan Siemens pada dekade 1920-an.]]
Selama dekade 1920-an dan 1930-an, S & H mulai memproduksi [[radio]], [[perangkat televisi]], dan [[mikroskop elektron]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Rudenberg, H Gunther |author2=Rudenberg, Paul G |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-12-381017-5 |title=Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics |chapter=Chapter 6 – Origin and Background of the Invention of the Electron Microscope: Commentary and Expanded Notes on Memoir of Reinhold Rüdenberg |publisher=Elsevier |volume=160 |doi=10.1016/S1076-5670(10)60006-7}}</ref>
Pada tahun 1932, [[Reiniger, Gebbert & Schall]] (Erlangen), [[Phönix AG]] (Rudolstadt), dan [[Siemens-Reiniger-Veifa mbH]] (Berlin) bergabung untuk membentuk [[Siemens-Reiniger-Werke AG]] (SRW). Pada tahun 1966, Siemens-Reiniger-Werke, Siemens & Halske, dan Siemens-Schuckert resmi bergabung untuk membentuk Siemens AG.<ref name="historysite">{{cite web |url=https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/setting-the-course-of-the-future.html |title=Setting the Course for the Future – The Founding of Siemens AG |access-date=2021-08-11 |archive-date=2020-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025080305/https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/news/setting-the-course-of-the-future.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Pada dekade 1920-an, Siemens membangun pembangkit listrik tenaga air [[skema pembangkit listrik tenaga air Shannon|Ardnacrusha]] di [[Sungai Shannon]], di wilayah yang kemudian menjadi [[Negara Bebas Irlandia]], dan merupakan yang pertama di dunia dengan desain tersebut. Perusahaan ini pernah ingin menaikkan upah pekerjanya yang masih rendah, namun ditolak oleh pemerintahan [[Cumann na nGaedheal]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20020804/ai_n12846719 |title=Ardnacrusha – Dam hard job |date=4 August 2002 |work=[[Sunday Mirror]] |access-date=18 September 2010 |first=Andrew |last=Bushe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221060803/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20020804/ai_n12846719 |archive-date=21 February 2008}}</ref>
===1933 - 1945===
[[File:USHMM95273 -Siemens factory in KZ Bobrek.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.05|Para tahanan bekerja di pabrik Siemens di KZ Bobrek, sebuah subkamp dari [[kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz]].<ref name="iechmnnjersulame"/>]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R97782, Berlin, Wahlwerbung der NSDAP in.jpg|right|upright=1.05|thumb|Sebuah truk milik Siemens digunakan sebagai kendaraan [[Sistem PA|alamat publik]] oleh [[Nazi]] pada tahun 1932]]
Siemens (saat itu bernama [[Siemens-Schuckert]]) mempekerjakan secara paksa orang-orang yang dideportasi di [[kamp pemusnahan]]. Perusahaan ini juga memiliki sebuah pabrik di [[kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz]].<ref name="iechmnnjersulame">{{cite book |last1=Arendt |first1=Hannah |title=Eichmann in Jerusalem. Ein Bericht von der Banalität des Bösen |date=1964 |location=München |isbn=978-3-492-24822-8 |page=163}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Guilpin |first1=Anaïs |title=Le travail forcé dans les camps |url=http://www.histoire-image.org/site/oeuvre/analyse.php?i=1217 |website=L'Histoire par l'image |access-date=24 January 2015 |language=fr}}</ref>
[[File:Plan du camp de Ravensbrück.jpg|upright|left|thumb|Pabrik Siemens dan kamp konsentrasi Ravensbrück.]]
==Referensi==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Bacaan
{{Refbegin|2}}* Shaping the Future. The Siemens Entrepreneurs 1847–2018. Ed. Siemens Historical Institute, Hamburg 2018, ISBN 9-783867-746243.
* Weiher, Siegfried von /Herbert Goetzeler (1984). ''The Siemens Company, Its Historical Role in the Progress of Electrical Engineering 1847–1980'', 2nd ed. Berlin and Munich.
* Feldenkirchen, Wilfried (2000). ''Siemens, From Workshop to Global Player'', Munich.
* Feldenkirchen, Wilfried / Eberhard Posner (2005): ''The Siemens Entrepreneurs'', Continuity and Change,
* Greider, William (1997). ''One World, Ready or Not''. Penguin Press. {{ISBN|0-7139-9211-5|}}.
* Margarete Buber: 303f As prisoners of Stalin and Hitler, Frankf / Main, Berlin 1993
* See Carola Sachse: Jewish forced labor and non-Jewish women and men at Siemens from 1940 to 1945, in: International Scientific Correspondence, No. 1/1991, pp. 12–24; Karl-Heinz Roth: forced labor in the Siemens Group (1938 -1945). Facts, controversies, problems, in: Hermann Kaienburg (ed.): concentration camps and the German Economy 1939–1945 (Social studies, H. 34), Opladen 1996, pp. 149–168; Wilfried Feldenkirchen: 1918–1945 Siemens, Munich 1995, Ulrike fire, Claus Füllberg-Stolberg, Sylvia Kempe: work at Ravensbrück concentration camp, in: Women in concentration camps. Bergen-Belsen. Ravensbrück, Bremen, 1994, pp. 55–69; Ursula Krause-Schmitt: The path to the Siemens stock led past the crematorium, in: Information. German Resistance Study Group, Frankfurt / Main, 18 Jg, No. 37/38, Nov. 1993, pp. 38–46; Sigrid Jacobeit: working at Siemens in Ravensbrück, in: Dietrich Eichholz (eds) War and economy. Studies on German economic history 1939–1945, Berlin 1999.
* Bundesarchiv Berlin, NS 19, No. 968, Communication on the creation of the barracks for the Siemens & Halske, the planned production and the planned expansion for 2,500 prisoners "after direct discussions with this company": Economic and Administrative Main Office of the SS ( WVHA), Oswald Pohl, secretly, to Reichsführer SS (RFSS), Heinrich Himmler, dated 20 October 1942.
* Karl-Heinz Roth: forced labor in the Siemens Group, with a summary table, page 157 See also Ursula Krause-Schmitt: "The road to Siemens stock led to the crematorium past over," pp. 36f, where, according to the catalogs of the International Tracing Service Arolsen and Martin Weinmann (eds.).. The Nazi camp system, Frankfurt / Main 1990 and Feldkirchen: Siemens 1918–1945, pp. 198–214, and in particular the associated annotations 91–187.
* MSS in the estate include Wanda Kiedrzy'nska, in: National Library of Poland, Warsaw, Manuscript Division, Sygn. akc 12013/1 and archive the memorial I/6-7-139 RA: see also: Woman Ravensbruck concentration camp. An overall presentation, State Justice Administration in Ludwigsburg, IV ART 409-Z 39/59, April 1972, pp. 129ff.
{{Refend}}
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{{Commons category|Siemens}}
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